Unit 2 Exam

A  when interbreeding between two different species results in less successful hybrid offspring.

B  males and females don’t like each other very much and so prefer not to mate.

C  when there is extensive gene flow within a single species.

D  because there is over-population and species survival depends on a new species evolving.

A  is called the theory of phyletic gradualism.

B  one possible explanation of speciation accepted by biologists today.

C  is not the only pattern of speciation observed in the natural world.

D  one possible explanation of speciation accepted by biologists today, is not the only pattern of speciation observed in the natural world and is called the theory of phyletic gradualism.

A  microevolution.

B  parallel evolution.

C  punctuated equilibrium.

D  gradualism.

A  new mutations are usually maladaptive.

B  natural selection is a powerful process.

C  environments change slowly.

D  gene flow between individuals within the population keeps them similar to each other.

A  they way natural selection favors particular traits suited to a specific ecological niche.

B  genetic drift within populations.

C  sexual selection between two different species

D  gene flow among members of the same species.

A  adaptive radiation.

B  homology.

C  generalization.

D  parallel evolution.

A  extinction

B  sympatric speciation.

C  allopatric speciation.

D  migration

A  how the evolution of one species affects the evolution of another species

B  small scale evolutionary changes within a single generation

C  the relationship between humans and other animals in their ecological niche

D  large scale evolutionary change such as speciation

A  the extinction of a species.

B  the formation of new species.

C  the death of individuals in a group.

D  evolutionary change within a species.

A  the change from one species to another in one generation

B  any type of genetic mutation

C  the change in allele frequencies from one generation to the next

D  the appearance of new species

A  All of these forces may disrupt equilibrium.

B  genetic drift

C  gene flow

D  mutation

A  the differential reproductive success of individuals

B  the production of new genetic material

C  the exchange of genes between populations

D  the chance loss of alleles in a population

A  changes in gene frequencies that are random with respect to adaptation.

B  maladaptive changes in gene frequencies.

C  adaptive changes in gene frequencies.

D  equilibrium in genetic frequencies.

A  populations out of equilibrium.

B  small populations.

C  medium-sized populations.

D  large populations.

A  genetic drift

B  migration

C  recombination

D  mutation

A  can be greatly impacted by the environment during an individual’s growth and development.

B  all of these are important in shaping continuously varying traits

C  are affected by genes at many loci.

D  are shaped by many genes, each with only a small effect on the phenotype.

A  genetic drift

B  migration

C  mutation

D  natural selection

A  New variation is slowly added by mutation.

B  There is no blending during sexual reproduction.

C  All of these are ways that genetic variation remains within a population.

D  Mutations can be hidden in the heterozygous genotype.

A  do not differ between male and female animals.

B  the sex cells or eggs and sperm.

C  the somatic cells of the body.

D  were discovered by Darwin.

A  gene

B  mutation

C  allele

D  genetic drift

A  Chromosomes come in pairs.

B  Hereditary material is contained in the chromosomes.

C  These are all true about choromsomes

D  One chromosome from each homologous pair is passed on to gametic cells during meiosis.

A  polygenic trait

B  dominant trait

C  non-genetic trait

D  mendelian trait

A  beak size is inherited so the next generation had a larger average beak size

B  The Grants found all these things as part of their study.

C  the survivors of the drought had a larger average beak size

D  a large number of the birds had died as a result of the drought

A  never changed because of stasis

B  changed because equilibrium existed in the population

C  never changed because of high juvenile mortality

D  changed over time because of environmental change

A  disruptive selection

B  averaging selection

C  directional selection

D  stabilizing selection

A  almost always occur by chance alone.

B  cannot be passed from parent to offspring.

C  allow organisms to evolve more rapidly.

D  are components of organisms that enable them to survive and reproduce.

A  traits are not inherited by offspring.

B  there are no differences in the traits to be favored and affect survival and reproducation.

C  evolutionary change would proceed in a nonadaptive direction.

D  there is no competition.

A  the inheritance of variation.

B  variation in fitness.

C  Natural selection is based on all three of these answers.

D  the struggle for existance.

A  individuals with useful adaptations will be more likely to survive and reproduce.

B  individuals within a population vary.

C  all of these are essential elements of natural selection.

D  while organisms within a population reproduce rapidly, resources are limited.