Lecture Exam 1 (A)

A  change the microorganismâ s targeted cell structure

B  more than one of the above is correct

C  increase the pH so that the antibiotic does not work

D  move to a new location where there is no antibiotic

E  change the antibiotic structure so that it cannot function

F  none of the above is correct

A  air

B  sunlight

C  carbon dioxide

D  dust

E  oxygen

A  the flask had a glass barrier that prevented contamination.

B  the flask allowed fresh air to directly contact the medium

C  the experimenter could look for contamination without disturbing the experiment.

D  the flask could be heated media in order to prevent microbial growth.

A  mutualism

B  parasitism

C  commensalism

D  pathogenicity

A  a milder disease will result.

B  a different disease of the same severity will result.

C  a more severe disease will result.

D  pathogens cannot enter by alternate routes.

A  endemic

B  epidemic

C  pandemic

D  sporadic

A  sporadic.

B  pandemic.

C  epidemic.

D  endemic.

A  their outer shell is full of neutrons

B  their outer shell is full of atoms

C  their outer shell is full of electrons

D  their outer shell is full of protons

A  community infections

B  social infections

C  vector-borne infections

D  nosocomial infections

A  penetration point

B  portal of entry

C  infectious point

D  lethal point

A  valence electrons

B  reactive electrons

C  inert electrons

D  octet electrons

A  the number of neutrons in the outer valence shell

B  the number of electrons in the outer valence shell

C  the number of protons in the outer valance shell and the number of neutrons in the outer valence shell

D  the number of protons in the outer valance shell

E  none of the above

A  the isolated organism must be inoculated in a human and cause disease

B  the microorganism must be isolated in pure culture

C  the organism must be isolated in all cases of disease

D  the organism must be isolated in pure culture from the lab animal

A  a place for the microbe to live before and after infection.

B  a place the microbe resides during an infection.

C  an infected host organism

D  the animal or object that transmits the infectious disease to humans

A  social isolation never makes them go away

B  ignorance almost always makes them worse

C  they only affect poor, less affluent countries

D  they usually end with very minimal loss of human life

A  incubation

B  decline

C  illness

D  prodromal

E  more than one of the above is correct

F  convalescence

A  they often involve several animals before they transmit to humans

B  they can be detected before they outbreak into pandemics

C  they always are transmitted from the same vector

D  when humans are the final spill over recipient, the virulence increases

A  reservoir

B  source

C  hot zone

D  vector

A  incubation, convalescence, prodromal period, illness, decline

B  incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline, convalescence

C  illness, convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, decline

D  prodromal period, convalescence, incubation, illness, decline

E  convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline

A  mortality

B  prevalence

C  incidence

D  morbidity

A  threshold immunity

B  herd immunity

C  vicarious immunity

D  resistance effect

A  insects.

B  individuals

C  states.

D  continents.

E  animals.

A  ionic bond.

B  polar-covalent bond.

C  non-polar covalent bond

D  hydrogen bond.

A  transmitting infectious water droplets through the rain

B  transmitting infectious water droplets through sweating

C  more than one of the above is correct

D  transmitting infectious water droplets through sneezing

E  transmitting infectious water droplets through laughing

F  none of the above is correct

A  refers to the proportion of fatal cases among those that have the disease

B  is exactly the same for every infectious outbreak in recent history

C  refers to the number of people an infected person will infect with the virus

D  refers to the proportion of living cases among those that have the disease

A  an infection whose spread cannot be controlled

B  an infection that spreads from an animal to a human

C  an infection the spreads in a hospital

D  an infection that spreads between two humans

A  nosocomial route

B  respiratory membrane

C  prodromal route

D  parenteral route.

E  none of the above

A  all microorganisms of the same species

B  all of the microorganisms involved in symbiotic relationships

C  all microorganisms in a certain geographic region

D  all microorganisms the human body

A  the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

B  the number of microorganisms infecting the host, the virulence of the organism and the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

C  the number of microorganisms infecting the host

D  the virulence of the organism

E  none of the above are correct

A  death rate

B  infection rate

C  number of prevalence

D  number of incidences

E  more than one of the above is correct

F  none of the above is correct

A  opportunistic

B  partial

C  common source

D  nosocomial

A  a parasite that infects dogs

B  a virus that does nothing to humans

C  a parasite that kills its host

D  a microbe that causes disease in humans

A  Needham did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

B  Needham covered his flasks with gauze after boiling the media

C  Spallanzani did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

D  Spallanzani covered his flasks with gauze before boiling

A  the urinary tract

B  the digestive tract

C  the eyes and skin

D  the respiratory tract

E  the placenta

A  location

B  size

C  temperature

D  time

A  energy and matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

B  neither energy and matter can be created and destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

C  energy is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

D  matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

A  the initial infection and appearance of clinical symptoms

B  appearance of clinical symptoms and death

C  time of infection and recovery

D  the time of infection and death

A  isolate microorganisms from diseased animals.

B  develop vaccines for specific diseases.

C  demonstrate that a disease is caused by a specific microorganism.

D  clearly identify and characterize a particular microorganism.

A  genetic profile, human behavior and environmental conditions

B  environmental conditions

C  human behavior and genetic profile

D  genetic profile

A  it is not human pathogen

B  its virulence is low

C  it is a sporadic infection

D  it is highly virulent

E  none of the above are correct

A  bacteria

B  cells

C  disease

D  air

A  stomach acid is not an important factor in determining virulence.

B  pH has no effect on virulence.

C  stomach acid increases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae

D  stomach acid decreases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae.

A  fats

B  DNA

C  appearance

D  mitochondrial

E  Gram stains

A  a flask that was sealed and turned upside down

B  a flask with a gauze covering

C  a flask that was open for one week and sealed for another week

D  a Swan necked flask

A  Microorganisms can be generated for nonliving matter

B  living cells can only arise from preexisting living cells

C  oxygen is necessary for living organisms

D  nonliving matter gives rise to living organisms

A  2, 8, 18, 2

B  2, 8, 18, 8, 5

C  2, 8, 18, 8, 2

D  2, 8, 18

A  30 times more acidic

B  3 times more acidic

C  1000 times more acidic

D  10 times more acidic

E  100 times more acidic

A  needles

B  towels

C  human hands

D  more than one of the above is correct

E  door handles

A  7.5

B  14

C  8

D  7

E  1.5

A  pathogens.

B  commensals.

C  mutualistic.

D  parasites.