Lecture Exam 1 (A)

A  change the microorganismâ s targeted cell structure

B  more than one of the above is correct

C  change the antibiotic structure so that it cannot function

D  increase the pH so that the antibiotic does not work

E  move to a new location where there is no antibiotic

F  none of the above is correct

A  sunlight

B  carbon dioxide

C  oxygen

D  air

E  dust

A  the flask allowed fresh air to directly contact the medium

B  the experimenter could look for contamination without disturbing the experiment.

C  the flask could be heated media in order to prevent microbial growth.

D  the flask had a glass barrier that prevented contamination.

A  parasitism

B  pathogenicity

C  commensalism

D  mutualism

A  pathogens cannot enter by alternate routes.

B  a different disease of the same severity will result.

C  a milder disease will result.

D  a more severe disease will result.

A  sporadic

B  endemic

C  epidemic

D  pandemic

A  pandemic.

B  sporadic.

C  endemic.

D  epidemic.

A  their outer shell is full of atoms

B  their outer shell is full of neutrons

C  their outer shell is full of electrons

D  their outer shell is full of protons

A  nosocomial infections

B  social infections

C  vector-borne infections

D  community infections

A  lethal point

B  portal of entry

C  penetration point

D  infectious point

A  reactive electrons

B  octet electrons

C  inert electrons

D  valence electrons

A  the number of protons in the outer valance shell and the number of neutrons in the outer valence shell

B  the number of protons in the outer valance shell

C  the number of electrons in the outer valence shell

D  the number of neutrons in the outer valence shell

E  none of the above

A  the organism must be isolated in all cases of disease

B  the microorganism must be isolated in pure culture

C  the organism must be isolated in pure culture from the lab animal

D  the isolated organism must be inoculated in a human and cause disease

A  the animal or object that transmits the infectious disease to humans

B  a place for the microbe to live before and after infection.

C  an infected host organism

D  a place the microbe resides during an infection.

A  they usually end with very minimal loss of human life

B  they only affect poor, less affluent countries

C  ignorance almost always makes them worse

D  social isolation never makes them go away

A  prodromal

B  incubation

C  decline

D  illness

E  more than one of the above is correct

F  convalescence

A  they always are transmitted from the same vector

B  they can be detected before they outbreak into pandemics

C  they often involve several animals before they transmit to humans

D  when humans are the final spill over recipient, the virulence increases

A  source

B  reservoir

C  hot zone

D  vector

A  convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline

B  incubation, convalescence, prodromal period, illness, decline

C  prodromal period, convalescence, incubation, illness, decline

D  illness, convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, decline

E  incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline, convalescence

A  morbidity

B  prevalence

C  mortality

D  incidence

A  herd immunity

B  threshold immunity

C  vicarious immunity

D  resistance effect

A  continents.

B  individuals

C  states.

D  animals.

E  insects.

A  hydrogen bond.

B  non-polar covalent bond

C  polar-covalent bond.

D  ionic bond.

A  transmitting infectious water droplets through the rain

B  more than one of the above is correct

C  transmitting infectious water droplets through laughing

D  transmitting infectious water droplets through sweating

E  transmitting infectious water droplets through sneezing

F  none of the above is correct

A  refers to the proportion of living cases among those that have the disease

B  refers to the number of people an infected person will infect with the virus

C  refers to the proportion of fatal cases among those that have the disease

D  is exactly the same for every infectious outbreak in recent history

A  an infection that spreads from an animal to a human

B  an infection the spreads in a hospital

C  an infection that spreads between two humans

D  an infection whose spread cannot be controlled

A  parenteral route.

B  respiratory membrane

C  prodromal route

D  nosocomial route

E  none of the above

A  all of the microorganisms involved in symbiotic relationships

B  all microorganisms in a certain geographic region

C  all microorganisms of the same species

D  all microorganisms the human body

A  the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

B  the virulence of the organism

C  the number of microorganisms infecting the host

D  the number of microorganisms infecting the host, the virulence of the organism and the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

E  none of the above are correct

A  number of incidences

B  more than one of the above is correct

C  death rate

D  number of prevalence

E  infection rate

F  none of the above is correct

A  nosocomial

B  partial

C  opportunistic

D  common source

A  a microbe that causes disease in humans

B  a parasite that kills its host

C  a virus that does nothing to humans

D  a parasite that infects dogs

A  Needham did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

B  Spallanzani covered his flasks with gauze before boiling

C  Spallanzani did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

D  Needham covered his flasks with gauze after boiling the media

A  the placenta

B  the respiratory tract

C  the urinary tract

D  the digestive tract

E  the eyes and skin

A  temperature

B  location

C  time

D  size

A  energy is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

B  matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

C  energy and matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

D  neither energy and matter can be created and destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

A  the time of infection and death

B  time of infection and recovery

C  the initial infection and appearance of clinical symptoms

D  appearance of clinical symptoms and death

A  develop vaccines for specific diseases.

B  isolate microorganisms from diseased animals.

C  clearly identify and characterize a particular microorganism.

D  demonstrate that a disease is caused by a specific microorganism.

A  environmental conditions

B  human behavior and genetic profile

C  genetic profile, human behavior and environmental conditions

D  genetic profile

A  it is highly virulent

B  it is not human pathogen

C  its virulence is low

D  it is a sporadic infection

E  none of the above are correct

A  bacteria

B  disease

C  air

D  cells

A  stomach acid decreases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae.

B  stomach acid is not an important factor in determining virulence.

C  pH has no effect on virulence.

D  stomach acid increases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae

A  fats

B  mitochondrial

C  appearance

D  DNA

E  Gram stains

A  a flask that was sealed and turned upside down

B  a flask that was open for one week and sealed for another week

C  a Swan necked flask

D  a flask with a gauze covering

A  oxygen is necessary for living organisms

B  living cells can only arise from preexisting living cells

C  nonliving matter gives rise to living organisms

D  Microorganisms can be generated for nonliving matter

A  2, 8, 18, 2

B  2, 8, 18, 8, 2

C  2, 8, 18

D  2, 8, 18, 8, 5

A  1000 times more acidic

B  10 times more acidic

C  100 times more acidic

D  30 times more acidic

E  3 times more acidic

A  towels

B  door handles

C  needles

D  more than one of the above is correct

E  human hands

A  7

B  8

C  14

D  7.5

E  1.5

A  parasites.

B  pathogens.

C  commensals.

D  mutualistic.