Lecture Exam 1 (A)

A  change the microorganismâ s targeted cell structure

B  increase the pH so that the antibiotic does not work

C  change the antibiotic structure so that it cannot function

D  move to a new location where there is no antibiotic

E  more than one of the above is correct

F  none of the above is correct

A  carbon dioxide

B  sunlight

C  oxygen

D  dust

E  air

A  the flask could be heated media in order to prevent microbial growth.

B  the experimenter could look for contamination without disturbing the experiment.

C  the flask had a glass barrier that prevented contamination.

D  the flask allowed fresh air to directly contact the medium

A  pathogenicity

B  parasitism

C  mutualism

D  commensalism

A  a different disease of the same severity will result.

B  pathogens cannot enter by alternate routes.

C  a more severe disease will result.

D  a milder disease will result.

A  epidemic

B  sporadic

C  pandemic

D  endemic

A  sporadic.

B  pandemic.

C  epidemic.

D  endemic.

A  their outer shell is full of atoms

B  their outer shell is full of electrons

C  their outer shell is full of neutrons

D  their outer shell is full of protons

A  nosocomial infections

B  community infections

C  social infections

D  vector-borne infections

A  portal of entry

B  penetration point

C  lethal point

D  infectious point

A  reactive electrons

B  octet electrons

C  inert electrons

D  valence electrons

A  the number of protons in the outer valance shell

B  the number of neutrons in the outer valence shell

C  the number of electrons in the outer valence shell

D  the number of protons in the outer valance shell and the number of neutrons in the outer valence shell

E  none of the above

A  the microorganism must be isolated in pure culture

B  the isolated organism must be inoculated in a human and cause disease

C  the organism must be isolated in all cases of disease

D  the organism must be isolated in pure culture from the lab animal

A  a place for the microbe to live before and after infection.

B  a place the microbe resides during an infection.

C  the animal or object that transmits the infectious disease to humans

D  an infected host organism

A  they only affect poor, less affluent countries

B  ignorance almost always makes them worse

C  they usually end with very minimal loss of human life

D  social isolation never makes them go away

A  convalescence

B  decline

C  illness

D  more than one of the above is correct

E  prodromal

F  incubation

A  when humans are the final spill over recipient, the virulence increases

B  they can be detected before they outbreak into pandemics

C  they always are transmitted from the same vector

D  they often involve several animals before they transmit to humans

A  vector

B  source

C  hot zone

D  reservoir

A  prodromal period, convalescence, incubation, illness, decline

B  incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline, convalescence

C  convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline

D  incubation, convalescence, prodromal period, illness, decline

E  illness, convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, decline

A  incidence

B  prevalence

C  morbidity

D  mortality

A  vicarious immunity

B  resistance effect

C  herd immunity

D  threshold immunity

A  animals.

B  states.

C  individuals

D  continents.

E  insects.

A  ionic bond.

B  polar-covalent bond.

C  non-polar covalent bond

D  hydrogen bond.

A  transmitting infectious water droplets through sneezing

B  transmitting infectious water droplets through the rain

C  more than one of the above is correct

D  transmitting infectious water droplets through sweating

E  transmitting infectious water droplets through laughing

F  none of the above is correct

A  refers to the proportion of fatal cases among those that have the disease

B  refers to the number of people an infected person will infect with the virus

C  refers to the proportion of living cases among those that have the disease

D  is exactly the same for every infectious outbreak in recent history

A  an infection whose spread cannot be controlled

B  an infection that spreads between two humans

C  an infection the spreads in a hospital

D  an infection that spreads from an animal to a human

A  prodromal route

B  parenteral route.

C  nosocomial route

D  respiratory membrane

E  none of the above

A  all microorganisms in a certain geographic region

B  all microorganisms the human body

C  all microorganisms of the same species

D  all of the microorganisms involved in symbiotic relationships

A  the number of microorganisms infecting the host, the virulence of the organism and the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

B  the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

C  the number of microorganisms infecting the host

D  the virulence of the organism

E  none of the above are correct

A  number of prevalence

B  number of incidences

C  death rate

D  more than one of the above is correct

E  infection rate

F  none of the above is correct

A  partial

B  opportunistic

C  common source

D  nosocomial

A  a parasite that infects dogs

B  a parasite that kills its host

C  a virus that does nothing to humans

D  a microbe that causes disease in humans

A  Spallanzani covered his flasks with gauze before boiling

B  Spallanzani did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

C  Needham did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

D  Needham covered his flasks with gauze after boiling the media

A  the placenta

B  the digestive tract

C  the respiratory tract

D  the eyes and skin

E  the urinary tract

A  size

B  time

C  temperature

D  location

A  energy and matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

B  neither energy and matter can be created and destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

C  energy is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

D  matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

A  appearance of clinical symptoms and death

B  time of infection and recovery

C  the time of infection and death

D  the initial infection and appearance of clinical symptoms

A  clearly identify and characterize a particular microorganism.

B  isolate microorganisms from diseased animals.

C  develop vaccines for specific diseases.

D  demonstrate that a disease is caused by a specific microorganism.

A  human behavior and genetic profile

B  genetic profile, human behavior and environmental conditions

C  genetic profile

D  environmental conditions

A  it is highly virulent

B  it is a sporadic infection

C  it is not human pathogen

D  its virulence is low

E  none of the above are correct

A  cells

B  bacteria

C  disease

D  air

A  stomach acid is not an important factor in determining virulence.

B  stomach acid increases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae

C  pH has no effect on virulence.

D  stomach acid decreases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae.

A  mitochondrial

B  appearance

C  Gram stains

D  fats

E  DNA

A  a flask with a gauze covering

B  a Swan necked flask

C  a flask that was open for one week and sealed for another week

D  a flask that was sealed and turned upside down

A  Microorganisms can be generated for nonliving matter

B  nonliving matter gives rise to living organisms

C  living cells can only arise from preexisting living cells

D  oxygen is necessary for living organisms

A  2, 8, 18, 8, 5

B  2, 8, 18, 8, 2

C  2, 8, 18, 2

D  2, 8, 18

A  1000 times more acidic

B  10 times more acidic

C  3 times more acidic

D  100 times more acidic

E  30 times more acidic

A  human hands

B  door handles

C  needles

D  towels

E  more than one of the above is correct

A  7

B  14

C  7.5

D  8

E  1.5

A  pathogens.

B  mutualistic.

C  commensals.

D  parasites.