Lecture Exam 1

A  all microorganisms the human body

B  all microorganisms of the same species

C  all of the microorganisms involved in symbiotic relationships

D  all microorganisms in a certain geographic region

A  7.5

B  7

C  1.5

D  14

E  8

A  time of infection and recovery

B  the initial infection and appearance of clinical symptoms

C  the time of infection and death

D  appearance of clinical symptoms and death

A  a flask that was open for one week and sealed for another week

B  a flask that was sealed and turned upside down

C  a Swan necked flask

D  a flask with a gauze covering

A  a milder disease will result.

B  pathogens cannot enter by alternate routes.

C  a different disease of the same severity will result.

D  a more severe disease will result.

A  a microbe that causes disease in humans

B  a virus that does nothing to humans

C  a parasite that infects dogs

D  a parasite that kills its host

A  ionic bond.

B  polar-covalent bond.

C  non-polar covalent bond

D  hydrogen bond.

A  is exactly the same for every infectious outbreak in recent history

B  refers to the proportion of living cases among those that have the disease

C  refers to the number of people an infected person will infect with the virus

D  refers to the proportion of fatal cases among those that have the disease

A  resistance effect

B  herd immunity

C  vicarious immunity

D  threshold immunity

A  cells

B  air

C  bacteria

D  disease

A  stomach acid increases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae

B  stomach acid decreases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae.

C  stomach acid is not an important factor in determining virulence.

D  pH has no effect on virulence.

A  an infection that spreads from an animal to a human

B  an infection that spreads between two humans

C  an infection whose spread cannot be controlled

D  an infection the spreads in a hospital

A  states.

B  animals.

C  individuals

D  continents.

E  insects.

A  commensalism

B  parasitism

C  mutualism

D  pathogenicity

A  fats

B  appearance

C  mitochondrial

D  Gram stains

E  DNA

A  vector-borne infections

B  nosocomial infections

C  social infections

D  community infections

A  illness, convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, decline

B  incubation, convalescence, prodromal period, illness, decline

C  prodromal period, convalescence, incubation, illness, decline

D  incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline, convalescence

E  convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline

A  prodromal

B  incubation

C  convalescence

D  decline

E  more than one of the above is correct

F  illness

A  source

B  reservoir

C  hot zone

D  vector

A  portal of entry

B  penetration point

C  infectious point

D  lethal point

A  1000 times more acidic

B  10 times more acidic

C  30 times more acidic

D  100 times more acidic

E  3 times more acidic

A  the number of microorganisms infecting the host

B  the number of microorganisms infecting the host, the virulence of the organism, and the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

C  the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

D  the virulence of the organism

E  none of the above are correct

A  dust

B  oxygen

C  carbon dioxide

D  sunlight

E  air

A  needles

B  human hands

C  more than one of the above is correct

D  towels

E  door handles

F  none of the above is correct

A  more than one of the above is correct

B  change the antibiotic structure so that it cannot function

C  increase the pH so that the antibiotic does not work

D  move to a new location where there is no antibiotic

E  change the microorganismâ s targeted cell structure

F  none of the above is correct

A  neither energy and matter can be created and destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

B  matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

C  energy and matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

D  energy is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

A  their outer shell is full of atoms

B  their outer shell is full of protons

C  their outer shell is full of electrons

D  their outer shell is full of neutrons

A  genetic profile, human behavior, and environmental conditions

B  environmental conditions

C  human behavior

D  genetic profile

A  the eyes and skin

B  the urinary tract

C  the placenta

D  the digestive tract

E  the respiratory tract

A  the organism must be isolated in all cases of disease

B  the organism must be isolated in pure culture from the lab animal

C  the microorganism must be isolated in pure culture

D  the isolated organism must be inoculated in a human and cause disease

A  it is not human pathogen

B  it is a sporadic infection

C  it is highly virulent

D  its virulence is low

E  none of the above are correct

A  endemic

B  epidemic

C  pandemic

D  sporadic

A  mortality

B  incidence

C  prevalence

D  morbidity

A  2, 8, 18

B  2, 8, 18, 8, 5

C  2, 8, 18, 2

D  2, 8, 18, 8, 2

A  they usually end with very minimal loss of human life

B  ignorance almost always makes them worse

C  social isolation never makes them go away

D  they only affect poor, less affluent countries

A  mutualistic.

B  pathogens.

C  parasites.

D  commensals.

A  Needham covered his flasks with gauze after boiling the media

B  Spallanzani did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

C  Spallanzani covered his flasks with gauze before boiling

D  Needham did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

A  the flask allowed fresh air to directly contact the medium

B  the flask could be heated media in order to prevent microbial growth.

C  the flask had a glass barrier that prevented contamination.

D  the experimenter could look for contamination without disturbing theexperiment.

A  an infected host organism

B  the animal or object that transmits the infectious disease to humans

C  a place for the microbe to live before and after infection.

D  a place the microbe resides during an infection.

A  isolate microorganisms from diseased animals.

B  develop vaccines for specific diseases.

C  clearly identify and characterize a particular microorganism.

D  demonstrate that a disease is caused by a specific microorganism.

A  inert electrons

B  octet electrons

C  reactive electrons

D  valence electrons

A  more than one of the above is correct

B  transmitting infectious water droplets through sneezing

C  transmitting infectious water droplets through the rain

D  transmitting infectious water droplets through laughing

E  transmitting infectious water droplets through sweating

F  none of the above is correct

A  opportunistic

B  partial

C  nosocomial

D  common source

A  both A & B are correct

B  the number of electrons in the outer valence shell

C  the number of neutrons in the outer valence shell

D  the number of protons in the outer valance shell

E  none of the above

A  nosocomial route

B  respiratory membrane

C  prodromal route

D  parenteral route.

E  none of the above

A  more than one of the above is correct

B  number of incidences

C  infection rate

D  number of prevalence

E  death rate

F  none of the above is correct

A  oxygen is necessary for living organisms

B  Microorganisms can be generated for nonliving matter

C  nonliving matter gives rise to living organisms

D  living cells can only arise from preexisting living cells

A  pandemic.

B  sporadic.

C  epidemic.

D  endemic.

A  location

B  size

C  temperature

D  time

A  they always are transmitted from the same vector

B  they can be detected before they outbreak into pandemics

C  they often involve several animals before they transmit to humans

D  when humans are the final spill over recipient, the virulence increases