Lecture Exam 1

A  all microorganisms in a certain geographic region

B  all microorganisms the human body

C  all microorganisms of the same species

D  all of the microorganisms involved in symbiotic relationships

A  1.5

B  8

C  7.5

D  14

E  7

A  appearance of clinical symptoms and death

B  time of infection and recovery

C  the time of infection and death

D  the initial infection and appearance of clinical symptoms

A  a flask that was sealed and turned upside down

B  a flask that was open for one week and sealed for another week

C  a Swan necked flask

D  a flask with a gauze covering

A  pathogens cannot enter by alternate routes.

B  a more severe disease will result.

C  a different disease of the same severity will result.

D  a milder disease will result.

A  a virus that does nothing to humans

B  a microbe that causes disease in humans

C  a parasite that infects dogs

D  a parasite that kills its host

A  non-polar covalent bond

B  ionic bond.

C  hydrogen bond.

D  polar-covalent bond.

A  refers to the number of people an infected person will infect with the virus

B  refers to the proportion of fatal cases among those that have the disease

C  refers to the proportion of living cases among those that have the disease

D  is exactly the same for every infectious outbreak in recent history

A  resistance effect

B  vicarious immunity

C  herd immunity

D  threshold immunity

A  bacteria

B  cells

C  air

D  disease

A  stomach acid increases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae

B  stomach acid decreases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae.

C  pH has no effect on virulence.

D  stomach acid is not an important factor in determining virulence.

A  an infection that spreads between two humans

B  an infection that spreads from an animal to a human

C  an infection the spreads in a hospital

D  an infection whose spread cannot be controlled

A  states.

B  continents.

C  animals.

D  insects.

E  individuals

A  pathogenicity

B  mutualism

C  commensalism

D  parasitism

A  Gram stains

B  DNA

C  appearance

D  fats

E  mitochondrial

A  community infections

B  nosocomial infections

C  vector-borne infections

D  social infections

A  illness, convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, decline

B  prodromal period, convalescence, incubation, illness, decline

C  incubation, convalescence, prodromal period, illness, decline

D  convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline

E  incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline, convalescence

A  prodromal

B  convalescence

C  incubation

D  illness

E  decline

F  more than one of the above is correct

A  source

B  reservoir

C  hot zone

D  vector

A  lethal point

B  infectious point

C  penetration point

D  portal of entry

A  3 times more acidic

B  30 times more acidic

C  1000 times more acidic

D  100 times more acidic

E  10 times more acidic

A  the virulence of the organism

B  the number of microorganisms infecting the host

C  the number of microorganisms infecting the host, the virulence of the organism, and the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

D  the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

E  none of the above are correct

A  dust

B  sunlight

C  carbon dioxide

D  air

E  oxygen

A  towels

B  human hands

C  door handles

D  needles

E  more than one of the above is correct

F  none of the above is correct

A  more than one of the above is correct

B  increase the pH so that the antibiotic does not work

C  change the microorganismâ s targeted cell structure

D  move to a new location where there is no antibiotic

E  change the antibiotic structure so that it cannot function

F  none of the above is correct

A  energy is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

B  matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

C  neither energy and matter can be created and destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

D  energy and matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

A  their outer shell is full of neutrons

B  their outer shell is full of electrons

C  their outer shell is full of atoms

D  their outer shell is full of protons

A  human behavior

B  genetic profile

C  genetic profile, human behavior, and environmental conditions

D  environmental conditions

A  the urinary tract

B  the respiratory tract

C  the eyes and skin

D  the digestive tract

E  the placenta

A  the isolated organism must be inoculated in a human and cause disease

B  the organism must be isolated in all cases of disease

C  the organism must be isolated in pure culture from the lab animal

D  the microorganism must be isolated in pure culture

A  it is not human pathogen

B  it is highly virulent

C  its virulence is low

D  it is a sporadic infection

E  none of the above are correct

A  sporadic

B  epidemic

C  pandemic

D  endemic

A  mortality

B  incidence

C  prevalence

D  morbidity

A  2, 8, 18, 2

B  2, 8, 18, 8, 5

C  2, 8, 18

D  2, 8, 18, 8, 2

A  social isolation never makes them go away

B  they usually end with very minimal loss of human life

C  ignorance almost always makes them worse

D  they only affect poor, less affluent countries

A  pathogens.

B  mutualistic.

C  commensals.

D  parasites.

A  Needham covered his flasks with gauze after boiling the media

B  Spallanzani did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

C  Needham did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

D  Spallanzani covered his flasks with gauze before boiling

A  the flask had a glass barrier that prevented contamination.

B  the experimenter could look for contamination without disturbing theexperiment.

C  the flask could be heated media in order to prevent microbial growth.

D  the flask allowed fresh air to directly contact the medium

A  an infected host organism

B  a place the microbe resides during an infection.

C  a place for the microbe to live before and after infection.

D  the animal or object that transmits the infectious disease to humans

A  demonstrate that a disease is caused by a specific microorganism.

B  isolate microorganisms from diseased animals.

C  develop vaccines for specific diseases.

D  clearly identify and characterize a particular microorganism.

A  octet electrons

B  valence electrons

C  reactive electrons

D  inert electrons

A  more than one of the above is correct

B  transmitting infectious water droplets through sneezing

C  transmitting infectious water droplets through the rain

D  transmitting infectious water droplets through sweating

E  transmitting infectious water droplets through laughing

F  none of the above is correct

A  nosocomial

B  opportunistic

C  partial

D  common source

A  the number of electrons in the outer valence shell

B  the number of protons in the outer valance shell

C  the number of neutrons in the outer valence shell

D  both A & B are correct

E  none of the above

A  parenteral route.

B  nosocomial route

C  prodromal route

D  respiratory membrane

E  none of the above

A  death rate

B  more than one of the above is correct

C  number of incidences

D  infection rate

E  number of prevalence

F  none of the above is correct

A  oxygen is necessary for living organisms

B  Microorganisms can be generated for nonliving matter

C  living cells can only arise from preexisting living cells

D  nonliving matter gives rise to living organisms

A  sporadic.

B  epidemic.

C  endemic.

D  pandemic.

A  size

B  location

C  time

D  temperature

A  they can be detected before they outbreak into pandemics

B  when humans are the final spill over recipient, the virulence increases

C  they always are transmitted from the same vector

D  they often involve several animals before they transmit to humans