Lecture Exam 3

A  Increased venous return

B  Increased parasympathetic stimulation

C  Increased sympathetic stimulation

D  Increased activity of the skeletal muscle pump

E  Increased blood volume

A  Decrease stroke volume

B  Increase total peripheral resistance (TPR)

C  Decrease heart rate

D  Increase heart rate

E  Increase stroke volume

A  avoiding foods that can lead to accumulation of toxins in feces.

B  avoiding milk, the children may be lactose intolerant.

C  feeding the children foods with more lipid content.

D  making the children sit on the toilet until they defecate at least once a day.

E  feeding the children foods with a high proportion of cellulose and other indigestible carbohydrates.

A  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates emptying of the stomach.

B  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates the secretion of secretin, which in turn stimulates contraction of the gallbladder.

C  The presence of fatty acids in the stomach stimulates the secretion of secretin, whichinhibits motility of the large intestine.

D  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates the secretion of CCK, which in turn stimulates secretion of pancreatic enzymes.

E  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates the secretion of gastrin, which in turn stimulates bile synthesis in the gallbladder.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Somatostatin

B  Gastrin

C  CCK

D  Histamine

E  Acetylcholine

F  Histamine, Gastrin and Acetylcholine

A  It emulsifies lipids.

B  It catalyzes the breakdown of triglycerides into monoglycerides and free fatty acids.

C  It is produced in the exocrine pancreas, and catalyzes the degradation of chylomicrons into proteins and fats.

D  It is mainly produced in the liver, and secreted into the small intestine.

E  It is secreted by the endocrine pancreas.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Cellulose from plants is a polymer of glucose that can be easily digested and absorbed by the human GI tract.

B  Sucrose is the main form of carbohydrate that can be absorbed by active transport across the intestinal epithelium.

C  Digestible polysaccharides are broken down into the monosaccharides glucose, galactose, and fructose, which can be absorbed.

D  Carbohydrate digestion begins in the stomach.

E  Lactose intolerance results from an insufficiency of the enzyme amylase.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  peristalsis.

B  distension.

C  segmentation.

D  eccentric.

E  mass movement.

A  glycogen.

B  ferritin.

C  hemochromatosis.

D  transferrin.

E  myoglobin.

A  The glottis closes.

B  The pyloric sphincter relaxes.

C  The lower esophageal sphincter relaxes.

D  The upper esophageal sphincter relaxes.

E  Respiration is inhibited.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  a hypervariable region of immunoglobulin DNA.

B  the light immunoglobulin chain only.

C  a specific antigen-binding site formed by heavy and light chains.

D  gamma immunoglobulin only.

E  the heavy immunoglobulin chain only.

A  They require a host cell in order to reproduce themselves.

B  They consist of a nucleic acid surrounded by a carbohydrate shell.

C  They may cause a host cell to become cancerous.

D  They may have genetic information in the form of RNA.

E  They may reside in a host cell for years without killing it.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Immune-complex hypersensitivity

B  Cytotoxic hypersensitivity

C  Delayed hypersensitivity

D  Immediate hypersensitivity

A  T cells.

B  macrophages.

C  memory cells.

D  monocytes.

E  cytokines.

A  The greatest risk to a fetus occurs when both mother and fetus are Rh-positive.

B  An Rh-negative fetus may be at risk if its mother is Rh-positive.

C  A fetus with type B blood may be at risk if its mother has type O blood.

D  The risk to anRh-positive fetus of an Rh-negative mother is lessened if she haspreviously carried anRh-negative fetus.

E  An Rh-positive fetus may be at risk if its mother is Rh-negative.

A  Type 1 interferons

B  Antibodies

C  Type 2 interferons

D  Interleukin 2

E  Colony-stimulating factors

A  The tonsils contain lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells that respond to microbes in food.

B  The thymus secretes protein hormones, collectively called thymopoietins.

C  Once a lymphocyte reaches a secondary lymphoid organ, it remains there for its lifetime.

D  Large numbers of macrophages and lymphocytes are found in the lymph nodes and spleen.

E  The primary lymphoid organs are the bone marrow and thymus.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Increased blood P CO2

B  Metabolic alkalosis

C  Respiratory alkalosis

D  Respiratory acidosis

E  Metabolic acidosis

A  Iron-deficiency anemia

B  Breathing air with increased PCO2

C  Lower than normal arterial PCO2

D  Breathing carbon monoxide

E  Higher than normal arterial pH

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  As dissolved CO 2

B  Bound to hemoglobin

C  As carbonic anhydrase

D  As dissolved HCO 3 –

E  AsH 2CO 3

A  motor; contraction; decrease

B  motor; contraction; increase

C  parasympathetic; contraction; decrease

D  sympathetic; contraction; increase

E  sympathetic; relaxation; increase

A  No change from sea level, as long as we breathe in the same volume of air.

B  Alveolar PO 2 increases.

C  Alveolar PO 2 decreases.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Some backflow of blood into the left atrium during ventricular systole

B  Some backflow of blood into the left ventricle during ventricular diastole

C  Some backflow of blood into the aorta during ventricular diastole

D  Some backflow of blood into the aorta during ventricular ejection

E  Some backflow of blood into the left ventricle during ventricular ejection

A  More fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the osmotic pressure.

B  More fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the hydrostatic pressure.

C  Less fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the osmotic pressure.

D  Less fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the hydrostatic pressure.

A  Alpha-adrenergic receptor agonists

B  A drug that increases T-type Ca 2+ channel currents

C  Cholinergic antagonist

D  Beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists

E  A drug that increasesL-type Ca 2+ channel currents

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  the brain.

B  the heart.

C  the skin.

D  the abdominal organs.

E  the skeletal muscles

A  Blood clots are digested by plasmin.

B  Activation of the reactions that lead to blood clotting ultimately lead to blood clot dissolution.

C  It involves aggregation of soluble fibrin fragments into fibrin.

D  Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is secreted by endothelial cells.

E  Plasminogen is an inactive precursor of the enzyme plasmin.

A  Heart rate

B  Cardiac output

C  Mean arterial pressure

D  Hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries

E  Total peripheral resistance

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Internal bleeding

B  Dietary iron deficiency

C  Kidney disease

D  Dietary vitamin B12 deficiency

E  Lung disease

A  desmosomes.

B  interneurons.

C  coronary vessels.

D  valves.

E  gap junctions.