Chapters 1,2,3,4,5, 6 Exam

A  phenotype

B  zygote

C  DNA

D  smitosis

A  highly inadequate caregiving

B  single parenting

C  the absence of siblings

D  low parental IQ

A  usually developed an attachment to the wire-mesh surrogate.

B  did not develop an attachment to either surrogate.

C  developed an attachment to both surrogates.

D  clung to the soft terry-cloth surrogate.

A  attachment quality; child-care experiences

B  a parent’s temperament; financial resources

C  attachment quality; temperament

D  child-rearing conditions; a child’s temperament

A  is inactive and shows mild, low-key reactions to environmental stimuli.

B  quickly establishes regular routines in infancy and adapts easily to new experiences.

C  is generally cheerful and is slow to accept new experiences.

D  is irregular in daily routines and tends to react negatively and intensely.

A  the strategies we use to adjust our emotional state to a comfortable level of intensity.

B  early-appearing, stable individual differences in reactivity and self-regulation.

C  emotions that involve injury to or enhancement of our sense of self.

D  quickness and intensity of emotional arousal, attention, and motor activity.

A  does not emerge until the preschool years.

B  involves the use of strategies to adjust an emotional state to a comfortable level of intensity.

C  is a built-in, automatic process that governs emotional response.

D  involves actively seeking emotional information from a trusted person.

A  envy, happiness, and disgust

B  shame, doubt, and surprise

C  guilt, shame, and pride

D  embarrassment, pride, and interest

A  They should be unresponsive when Beckham eats fruit.

B  They should slowly nod when Beckham eats fruit.

C  They should frown when Beckham does not eat fruit.

D  They should eat a lot of fruit and smile and say, “Yummy!” when Beckham eats fruit.

A  looks at his mother’s facial expression before touching an unfamiliar toy.

B  prefers one parent over the other.

C  screams with anger when he cannot reach a desired toy.

D  cries when picked up by an unfamiliar adult.

A  shows delays in motor and mental development.

B  produces low levels of the stress hormone cortisol.

C  sleeps longer than most infants.

D  tries to comfort his mother when she is sad.

A  Even with early intervention, most children born into economically disadvantaged families will not reach their full potential.

B  The U.S. Congress recently recognized the successes of early intervention and now fully funds all programs directed at low-income infants and toddlers.

C  Early intervention programs increase intelligence test scores during the school years, but the gains are not sustained beyond middle childhood.

D  The earlier intervention begins, the longer it lasts, and the greater its scope and intensity, the better participants’ performance is throughout childhood and adolescence.

A  take part in coloring with crayons with their children

B  provide an unstructured and chaotic physical setting

C  engage their children in physical activity

D  talk to their infants and toddlers

A  long-term memory does not emerge until around age 7.

B  they cannot translate early preverbal memories into language.

C  early memories are stored in an explicit memory system that is difficult to recall.

D  they have most likely forgotten these early memories due to the passage of time.

A  Habituation; recovery

B  Recognition; recall

C  The sensory register; working memory

D  Recall; recognition

A  Permanent functions

B  Sensory processes

C  Executive functions

D  Automatic processes

A  reflexive schemes.

B  the primary circular reaction.

C  mental representation.

D  object permanence.

A  organize; adapt

B  accommodate; organize

C  assimilate; accommodate

D  organize; assimilate

A  scribbling

B  grasping

C  tying their shoes

D  crawling

A  marasmus.

B  kwashiorkor.

C  iron-deficiency anemia.

D  nonorganic failure to thrive.

A  is caused by a diet low in all essential nutrients.

B  is caused by an unbalanced diet very low in protein.

C  usually strikes after weaning.

D  is common in regions of the world where children get just enough calories from starchy foods.

A  Give Angus foods containing saturated fats.

B  Avoid giving Angus foods loaded with salt and sugar.

C  Cut back on Angus’s protein throughout infancy and toddlerhood.

D  Give Angus formula the first six months.

A  more irritable during the first three years.

B  heavier and longer at birth.

C  born later.

D  less irritable during the first three months.

A  all fetuses are equally vulnerable to the damaging effects of prenatal alcohol exposure.

B  effects are caused by interfering with production of neurons in the neural tube and also cause many facial deformities.

C  FAS babies catch up to agemates in physical size when provided with an enriched diet.

D  the impairments caused by heavy, regular alcohol use during pregnancy are reversible.

A  below average intelligence

B  deformities of the arms and legs

C  higher mental test scores

D  both a and c

A  Cocaine

B  Marijuana

C  Prescription drug use

D  Heroin

A  Any environmental agent that causes damage during the prenatal period is a teratogen.

B  Smaller doses over shorter time periods have more negative effects.

C  Teratogens have an equal impact on fetal development during each prenatal period.

D  The harm done by teratogens is simple and straightforward.

A  is the point at which the baby can first survive if born early.

B  occurs sometime between 18 and 21 weeks.

C  occurs sometime during the second trimester of pregnancy.

D  is the point at which the baby can be born without being premature.

A  brain and central nervous system.

B  digestive system, lungs, and urinary tract.

C  nervous system and skin.

D  muscles and skeleton.

A  swells to form the brain.

B  grows slowly at first.

C  develops into the nervous system and spinal cord.

D  will become the structures that provide protective covering and nourishment.

A  lasts about two weeks.

B  is the longest prenatal period.

C  lasts from implantation through the eighth week of pregnancy.

D  is the prenatal period during which the groundwork is laid for all body structures and organs.

A  fallopian tubes.

B  uterus.

C  ovaries.

D  cervix.

A  XYY

B  Turner

C  Down

D  Klinefelter

A  require hormone therapy

B  have to be placed on a diet low in amino acid (protein)

C  require frequent blood transfusions

D  need regular injections of insulin

A  a carrier.

B  recessive.

C  dominant–recessive.

D  dominant.

A  autosome

B  allele

C  zygote

D  gamete

A  permits the chromosomes to copy themselves.

B  results in dizygotic twins.

C  doubles the number of chromosomes normally present in the body cells.

D  halves the number of chromosomes normally present in the body cells.

A  phenotypes

B  gametes

C  alleles

D  autosomes

A  phenotypes

B  chromosomes

C  genotypes

D  cells

A  genotype

B  chromosome

C  karyotype

D  phenotype

A  chromosomes.

B  phenotypes.

C  alleles.

D  genotypes.

A  sensorimotor

B  preoperational

C  concrete operational

D  formal operational

A  sensorimotor

B  preoperational

C  formal operational

D  concrete operational

A  reinforcing good behavior and punishing bad behavior.

B  imprinting on a mother-fugure during the critical period.

C  cooperative diaglogues with adults and more expert peers.

D  pairing a neutral stimulus with a reflexive response to create a conditioned behavior.

A  modeling.

B  classical conditioning.

C  punishment.

D  reinforcement.

A  pointed out that normal development must be understood in relation to each culture’s life situation.

B  minimized the role of culture in individual development.

C  primarily focused on the importance of early life experiences.

D  viewed children as taking a more active role in their own development.

A  acquire increasingly complex information-processing skills.

B  model the behavior of parents and other caregivers.

C  confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations.

D  actively explore the environment.