Chapters 1,2,3,4,5, 6 Exam

A  phenotype

B  zygote

C  smitosis

D  DNA

A  highly inadequate caregiving

B  low parental IQ

C  single parenting

D  the absence of siblings

A  did not develop an attachment to either surrogate.

B  developed an attachment to both surrogates.

C  usually developed an attachment to the wire-mesh surrogate.

D  clung to the soft terry-cloth surrogate.

A  attachment quality; child-care experiences

B  child-rearing conditions; a child’s temperament

C  a parent’s temperament; financial resources

D  attachment quality; temperament

A  is generally cheerful and is slow to accept new experiences.

B  is irregular in daily routines and tends to react negatively and intensely.

C  is inactive and shows mild, low-key reactions to environmental stimuli.

D  quickly establishes regular routines in infancy and adapts easily to new experiences.

A  emotions that involve injury to or enhancement of our sense of self.

B  quickness and intensity of emotional arousal, attention, and motor activity.

C  early-appearing, stable individual differences in reactivity and self-regulation.

D  the strategies we use to adjust our emotional state to a comfortable level of intensity.

A  involves actively seeking emotional information from a trusted person.

B  is a built-in, automatic process that governs emotional response.

C  involves the use of strategies to adjust an emotional state to a comfortable level of intensity.

D  does not emerge until the preschool years.

A  shame, doubt, and surprise

B  embarrassment, pride, and interest

C  guilt, shame, and pride

D  envy, happiness, and disgust

A  They should frown when Beckham does not eat fruit.

B  They should eat a lot of fruit and smile and say, “Yummy!” when Beckham eats fruit.

C  They should slowly nod when Beckham eats fruit.

D  They should be unresponsive when Beckham eats fruit.

A  prefers one parent over the other.

B  looks at his mother’s facial expression before touching an unfamiliar toy.

C  cries when picked up by an unfamiliar adult.

D  screams with anger when he cannot reach a desired toy.

A  sleeps longer than most infants.

B  shows delays in motor and mental development.

C  tries to comfort his mother when she is sad.

D  produces low levels of the stress hormone cortisol.

A  Even with early intervention, most children born into economically disadvantaged families will not reach their full potential.

B  Early intervention programs increase intelligence test scores during the school years, but the gains are not sustained beyond middle childhood.

C  The earlier intervention begins, the longer it lasts, and the greater its scope and intensity, the better participants’ performance is throughout childhood and adolescence.

D  The U.S. Congress recently recognized the successes of early intervention and now fully funds all programs directed at low-income infants and toddlers.

A  engage their children in physical activity

B  provide an unstructured and chaotic physical setting

C  take part in coloring with crayons with their children

D  talk to their infants and toddlers

A  they have most likely forgotten these early memories due to the passage of time.

B  they cannot translate early preverbal memories into language.

C  early memories are stored in an explicit memory system that is difficult to recall.

D  long-term memory does not emerge until around age 7.

A  Habituation; recovery

B  Recall; recognition

C  Recognition; recall

D  The sensory register; working memory

A  Sensory processes

B  Executive functions

C  Permanent functions

D  Automatic processes

A  object permanence.

B  the primary circular reaction.

C  reflexive schemes.

D  mental representation.

A  organize; assimilate

B  accommodate; organize

C  assimilate; accommodate

D  organize; adapt

A  crawling

B  tying their shoes

C  grasping

D  scribbling

A  nonorganic failure to thrive.

B  marasmus.

C  kwashiorkor.

D  iron-deficiency anemia.

A  usually strikes after weaning.

B  is caused by a diet low in all essential nutrients.

C  is common in regions of the world where children get just enough calories from starchy foods.

D  is caused by an unbalanced diet very low in protein.

A  Cut back on Angus’s protein throughout infancy and toddlerhood.

B  Give Angus foods containing saturated fats.

C  Give Angus formula the first six months.

D  Avoid giving Angus foods loaded with salt and sugar.

A  heavier and longer at birth.

B  less irritable during the first three months.

C  born later.

D  more irritable during the first three years.

A  effects are caused by interfering with production of neurons in the neural tube and also cause many facial deformities.

B  the impairments caused by heavy, regular alcohol use during pregnancy are reversible.

C  FAS babies catch up to agemates in physical size when provided with an enriched diet.

D  all fetuses are equally vulnerable to the damaging effects of prenatal alcohol exposure.

A  below average intelligence

B  both a and c

C  higher mental test scores

D  deformities of the arms and legs

A  Prescription drug use

B  Heroin

C  Cocaine

D  Marijuana

A  Any environmental agent that causes damage during the prenatal period is a teratogen.

B  The harm done by teratogens is simple and straightforward.

C  Teratogens have an equal impact on fetal development during each prenatal period.

D  Smaller doses over shorter time periods have more negative effects.

A  is the point at which the baby can first survive if born early.

B  is the point at which the baby can be born without being premature.

C  occurs sometime during the second trimester of pregnancy.

D  occurs sometime between 18 and 21 weeks.

A  muscles and skeleton.

B  brain and central nervous system.

C  nervous system and skin.

D  digestive system, lungs, and urinary tract.

A  grows slowly at first.

B  will become the structures that provide protective covering and nourishment.

C  swells to form the brain.

D  develops into the nervous system and spinal cord.

A  is the longest prenatal period.

B  lasts about two weeks.

C  is the prenatal period during which the groundwork is laid for all body structures and organs.

D  lasts from implantation through the eighth week of pregnancy.

A  cervix.

B  fallopian tubes.

C  uterus.

D  ovaries.

A  Klinefelter

B  Turner

C  XYY

D  Down

A  require hormone therapy

B  require frequent blood transfusions

C  have to be placed on a diet low in amino acid (protein)

D  need regular injections of insulin

A  recessive.

B  dominant.

C  a carrier.

D  dominant–recessive.

A  gamete

B  autosome

C  allele

D  zygote

A  halves the number of chromosomes normally present in the body cells.

B  results in dizygotic twins.

C  permits the chromosomes to copy themselves.

D  doubles the number of chromosomes normally present in the body cells.

A  gametes

B  phenotypes

C  autosomes

D  alleles

A  cells

B  phenotypes

C  chromosomes

D  genotypes

A  karyotype

B  chromosome

C  genotype

D  phenotype

A  chromosomes.

B  genotypes.

C  alleles.

D  phenotypes.

A  concrete operational

B  preoperational

C  sensorimotor

D  formal operational

A  formal operational

B  sensorimotor

C  concrete operational

D  preoperational

A  pairing a neutral stimulus with a reflexive response to create a conditioned behavior.

B  reinforcing good behavior and punishing bad behavior.

C  imprinting on a mother-fugure during the critical period.

D  cooperative diaglogues with adults and more expert peers.

A  classical conditioning.

B  punishment.

C  reinforcement.

D  modeling.

A  viewed children as taking a more active role in their own development.

B  primarily focused on the importance of early life experiences.

C  minimized the role of culture in individual development.

D  pointed out that normal development must be understood in relation to each culture’s life situation.

A  acquire increasingly complex information-processing skills.

B  actively explore the environment.

C  confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations.

D  model the behavior of parents and other caregivers.