Lecture Exam 1(C)

A  Peroxisomes

B  Lysosomes

C  Mitochondria

D  Endosomes

E  Ribosomes

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  plasma membrane.

B  Golgi apparatus.

C  mitochondria.

D  endoplasmic reticulum.

A  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

B  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and storing calcium ions

C  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and using oxygen to generate ATP

D  Modifying proteins synthesized on ribosomes associated with granular endoplasmic reticulum and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

E  Synthesizing lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

A  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

B  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

C  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

D  may open in response to binding a ligand.

E  are nonspecific.

A  It is ionized.

B  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

C  It is covalent.

D  It has no net electrical charge.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.

B  are catalysts in chemical reactions.

C  can be carbohydrate molecules.

D  are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.

E  have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”

A  100 mM NaCl

B  200 mM NaCl

C  300 mM glucose

D  100 mM MgCl 2

E  400 mM urea

A  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions bound to other molecules in the solution.

B  increases as the acidity of the solution increases.

C  increases as the free hydrogen ion concentration in the solution increases.

D  is a measure of the concentration of free hydrogen ions in the solution.

E  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen atoms in the solution.

A  Simple diffusion

B  None of these can occur without the direct use of ATP

C  Facilitated diffusion

D  Primary active transport

E  Secondary active transport

A  occurs in the cytoplasm.

B  requires an RNA polymerase

C  requires DNA polymerase.

D  produces an RNA transcript

E  is called translation of the message.

F  is called transcription of the message.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  hydrophobic.

B  unipolar.

C  bipolar.

D  hydrophilic.

E  amphipathic.

A  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

B  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

C  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

D  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

E  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It is a nonpolar molecule.

B  It is an amphipathic molecule.

C  It is a polar molecule.

A  The ratio of protons to electrons

B  The number of protons

C  The number of neutrons

D  The number of electrons

E  The number of bonds it can form

A  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

B  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

C  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

D  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

E  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

B  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

C  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

D  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

E  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Vitamins

B  Oxygen and gases used by metabolism

C  Ionic forms of mineral elements

D  Lipids that form the membranes of cells

E  Sugars that were broken down for energy

A  Charged particles

B  Water

C  Glucose

D  Lipid molecules

E  Solutes

A  Decrease blood glucose level

B  Increase blood glucose level

C  No effect on blood glucose level

A  Rough endoplasmic reticulum

B  Lysosome

C  Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

D  Golgi apparatus

E  Mitochondrion

A  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

B  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

C  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

D  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

E  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  protein.

B  starch.

C  glycogen.

D  triacylglycerol.

E  cellulose.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Primary active transport

B  Receptor-mediated endocytosis

C  Secondary active transport

D  Exocytosis

E  Pinocytosis

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Quaternary

B  Secondary

C  Tertiary

D  Primary

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Glycolysis

B  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

C  Oxidative phosphorylation

D  Krebs cycle

E  None of the choices are correct.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Transcription of DNA into RNA

B  Generation of ATP

C  Synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles

D  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

E  Synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

A  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 3′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 5’UTR

B  It starts with a UTR sequence, then is followed by a promoter and then the coding sequence

C  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 3’UTR

D  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a 3’UTR and then the coding sequence

A  The Na +/K + pump creates chemical disequilibrium.

B  The Na +/K + pump directly uses ATP

C  The Na +/K + pump creates an electrical disequilibrium.

D  It is expressed only on select cell types

E  The Na +/K + pump is an example of counter transport.

A  generate ATP and the electron carrier NADH

B  produce pyruvate and lactate as end products.

C  take place in the cytosol of human cells.

D  generate ATP and electron carriers NADH and FADH2

E  take place only when no oxygen is present.

A  It will swell in size.

B  The result can’t be predicted

C  It will shrink in size.

D  It will stay the same size.

A  By increasing the energy content of the product molecules

B  By increasing the temperature of a solution

C  By decreasing the energy of activation

D  By acting as one of the reactant molecules

E  By phosphorylating a reactant

A  Hydrosmosis

B  Phagocytosis

C  Hyperosmotic vesicular entrapment

D  Pinocytosis

E  Active transport

A  Hydrogen bonds

B  Van der Waals forces

C  Ionic bonds

D  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

E  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

A  Dividing by mitosis

B  Manufacturing ribosomes

C  Breaking down carbohydrates

D  Synthesizing lipids

E  Making ATP

A  diffusion using a pump.

B  active transport.

C  diffusion through a channel.

D  simple diffusion.

A  peptide

B  dipeptide

C  monopeptide

D  polypeptide

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Inhibition

B  Accommodation

C  Specificity

D  Saturation

E  Acclimatization

A  They have different numbers of protons.

B  They have different number of energy shells

C  They can form different numbers of chemical bonds.

D  They have different numbers of neutrons.

E  They have different numbers of electrons.

A  2

B  4

C  6

D  1

E  8

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

A  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

B  It is important for cellular movement.

C  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

D  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

E  It includes actin filaments.

A  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

B  Storing calcium ions

C  Generating ATP

D  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

E  Providing genetic information