Lecture Exam 1(C)

A  Peroxisomes

B  Ribosomes

C  Lysosomes

D  Endosomes

E  Mitochondria

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  endoplasmic reticulum.

B  plasma membrane.

C  mitochondria.

D  Golgi apparatus.

A  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

B  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and using oxygen to generate ATP

C  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and storing calcium ions

D  Modifying proteins synthesized on ribosomes associated with granular endoplasmic reticulum and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

E  Synthesizing lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

A  may open in response to binding a ligand.

B  are nonspecific.

C  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

D  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

E  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

A  It is ionized.

B  It has no net electrical charge.

C  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

D  It is covalent.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  are catalysts in chemical reactions.

B  are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.

C  can be carbohydrate molecules.

D  have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”

E  are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.

A  100 mM MgCl 2

B  200 mM NaCl

C  300 mM glucose

D  400 mM urea

E  100 mM NaCl

A  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions bound to other molecules in the solution.

B  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen atoms in the solution.

C  increases as the free hydrogen ion concentration in the solution increases.

D  increases as the acidity of the solution increases.

E  is a measure of the concentration of free hydrogen ions in the solution.

A  Facilitated diffusion

B  Secondary active transport

C  Primary active transport

D  None of these can occur without the direct use of ATP

E  Simple diffusion

A  requires an RNA polymerase

B  occurs in the cytoplasm.

C  requires DNA polymerase.

D  is called translation of the message.

E  is called transcription of the message.

F  produces an RNA transcript

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  hydrophilic.

B  amphipathic.

C  hydrophobic.

D  bipolar.

E  unipolar.

A  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

B  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

C  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

D  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

E  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It is a polar molecule.

B  It is an amphipathic molecule.

C  It is a nonpolar molecule.

A  The ratio of protons to electrons

B  The number of neutrons

C  The number of protons

D  The number of electrons

E  The number of bonds it can form

A  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

B  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

C  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

D  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

E  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

B  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

C  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

D  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

E  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Vitamins

B  Oxygen and gases used by metabolism

C  Ionic forms of mineral elements

D  Sugars that were broken down for energy

E  Lipids that form the membranes of cells

A  Solutes

B  Charged particles

C  Glucose

D  Water

E  Lipid molecules

A  Increase blood glucose level

B  No effect on blood glucose level

C  Decrease blood glucose level

A  Golgi apparatus

B  Rough endoplasmic reticulum

C  Mitochondrion

D  Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

E  Lysosome

A  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

B  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

C  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

D  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

E  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  glycogen.

B  cellulose.

C  triacylglycerol.

D  protein.

E  starch.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Pinocytosis

B  Exocytosis

C  Primary active transport

D  Secondary active transport

E  Receptor-mediated endocytosis

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Primary

B  Tertiary

C  Quaternary

D  Secondary

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Oxidative phosphorylation

B  Krebs cycle

C  None of the choices are correct.

D  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

E  Glycolysis

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

B  Transcription of DNA into RNA

C  Synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles

D  Generation of ATP

E  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

A  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a 3’UTR and then the coding sequence

B  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 3′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 5’UTR

C  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 3’UTR

D  It starts with a UTR sequence, then is followed by a promoter and then the coding sequence

A  The Na +/K + pump is an example of counter transport.

B  The Na +/K + pump creates chemical disequilibrium.

C  The Na +/K + pump directly uses ATP

D  The Na +/K + pump creates an electrical disequilibrium.

E  It is expressed only on select cell types

A  generate ATP and the electron carrier NADH

B  take place only when no oxygen is present.

C  produce pyruvate and lactate as end products.

D  take place in the cytosol of human cells.

E  generate ATP and electron carriers NADH and FADH2

A  It will shrink in size.

B  It will stay the same size.

C  The result can’t be predicted

D  It will swell in size.

A  By increasing the temperature of a solution

B  By increasing the energy content of the product molecules

C  By acting as one of the reactant molecules

D  By phosphorylating a reactant

E  By decreasing the energy of activation

A  Phagocytosis

B  Active transport

C  Hyperosmotic vesicular entrapment

D  Hydrosmosis

E  Pinocytosis

A  Van der Waals forces

B  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

C  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

D  Ionic bonds

E  Hydrogen bonds

A  Manufacturing ribosomes

B  Making ATP

C  Synthesizing lipids

D  Breaking down carbohydrates

E  Dividing by mitosis

A  simple diffusion.

B  diffusion through a channel.

C  active transport.

D  diffusion using a pump.

A  polypeptide

B  peptide

C  dipeptide

D  monopeptide

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Inhibition

B  Accommodation

C  Saturation

D  Specificity

E  Acclimatization

A  They have different number of energy shells

B  They have different numbers of electrons.

C  They can form different numbers of chemical bonds.

D  They have different numbers of protons.

E  They have different numbers of neutrons.

A  4

B  1

C  6

D  2

E  8

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

A  It is important for cellular movement.

B  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

C  It includes actin filaments.

D  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

E  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

A  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

B  Providing genetic information

C  Storing calcium ions

D  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

E  Generating ATP