Lecture Exam 1(B)

A  may open in response to binding a ligand.

B  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

C  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

D  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

E  are nonspecific.

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

A  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

B  Hydrogen bonds

C  Van der Waals forces

D  Ionic bonds

E  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  2

B  4

C  6

D  8

E  1

A  diffusion through a channel.

B  simple diffusion.

C  diffusion using a pump.

D  active transport.

A  Monosaccharides

B  Cholesterol

C  Phospholipids

D  Amino acids

E  Nucleotides

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

B  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

C  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

D  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

E  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

A  peroxisomes

B  mitochondria

C  endosomes

D  ribosomes

E  lysosomes

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  polyunsaturated fat

B  saturated fat

C  monounsaturated fat

D  unsaturated fat

A  Accommodation

B  Saturation

C  Acclimatization

D  Specificity

E  Inhibition

A  It does not occur in the absence of O2.

B  It is a metabolic reaction in which glucose is manufactured from large carbohydrates like glycogen.

C  It may result in the formation of two molecules of lactate for each molecule of glucose.

D  It does not occur in the presence of O 2.

E  It is a series of metabolic reactions that occur mainly inside the inner membrane of a mitochondrion.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  disaccharide

B  saccharide

C  polysaccharide

D  monosaccharide

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  100 mM MgCl 2

B  300 mM glucose

C  400 mM urea

D  200 mM NaCl

E  100 mM NaCl

A  Polar

B  Molecule

C  Ion

D  Atom

E  Lipophilic

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  peptide

B  polypeptide

C  dipeptide

D  monopeptide

A  Substance X will diffuse faster.

B  Substance Y will diffuse faster.

C  Substance X and Substance Y will diffuse at the same rate, as they are of equal size and concentration.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

B  It includes actin filaments.

C  It is important for cellular movement.

D  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

E  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

A  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

B  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

C  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

D  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

E  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  The Na +/K + pump creates an electrical disequilibrium.

B  The Na +/K + pump is an example of counter transport.

C  It is expressed only on select cell types

D  The Na +/K + pump creates chemical disequilibrium.

E  The Na +/K + pump directly uses ATP

A  A new element

B  A free radical

C  A cation

D  An anion

E  A covalent molecule

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It starts with a UTR sequence, then is followed by a promoter and then the coding sequence

B  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 3′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 5’UTR

C  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 3’UTR

D  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a 3’UTR and then the coding sequence

A  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen atoms in the solution.

B  increases as the acidity of the solution increases.

C  increases as the free hydrogen ion concentration in the solution increases.

D  is a measure of the concentration of free hydrogen ions in the solution.

E  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions bound to other molecules in the solution.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Krebs cycle

B  Oxidative phosphorylation

C  Glycolysis

D  None of the choices are correct.

E  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

A  Providing genetic information

B  Generating ATP

C  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

D  Storing calcium ions

E  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

A  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

B  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

C  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

D  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

E  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  amphipathic.

B  unipolar.

C  bipolar.

D  hydrophobic.

E  hydrophilic.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

B  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

C  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

D  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

E  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

A  Facilitated diffusion

B  Simple diffusion

C  Primary active transport

D  Secondary active transport

E  None of these can occur without the direct use of ATP

A  It is covalent.

B  It has no net electrical charge.

C  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

D  It is ionized.

A  are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.

B  are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.

C  can be carbohydrate molecules.

D  have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”

E  are catalysts in chemical reactions.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  triacylglycerol.

B  protein.

C  starch.

D  cellulose.

E  glycogen.

A  generate ATP and electron carriers NADH and FADH2

B  take place in the cytosol of human cells.

C  produce pyruvate and lactate as end products.

D  take place only when no oxygen is present.

E  generate ATP and the electron carrier NADH

A  The ratio of protons to electrons

B  The number of protons

C  The number of electrons

D  The number of bonds it can form

E  The number of neutrons

A  a protein.

B  used to transfer energy within a cell.

C  a molecule with less total energy content than ADP.

D  used by cells for the storage of energy.

E  formed during the hydrolysis of ADP.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles

B  Generation of ATP

C  Transcription of DNA into RNA

D  Synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

E  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

A  By phosphorylating a reactant

B  By increasing the energy content of the product molecules

C  By decreasing the energy of activation

D  By acting as one of the reactant molecules

E  By increasing the temperature of a solution

A  It is a polar molecule.

B  It is a nonpolar molecule.

C  It is an amphipathic molecule.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Solutes

B  Water

C  Lipid molecules

D  Charged particles

E  Glucose

A  It will shrink in size.

B  The result can’t be predicted

C  It will swell in size.

D  It will stay the same size.

A  Secondary

B  Primary

C  Tertiary

D  Quaternary

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  is called transcription of the message.

B  is called translation of the message.

C  requires an RNA polymerase

D  produces an RNA transcript

E  occurs in the cytoplasm.

F  requires DNA polymerase.