Lecture Exam 1 (A)

A  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

B  Synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles

C  Synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

D  Generation of ATP

E  Transcription of DNA into RNA

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Substance Y will diffuse faster.

B  Substance X and Substance Y will diffuse at the same rate, as they are of equal size and concentration.

C  Substance X will diffuse faster.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

B  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

C  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

D  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

E  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It will swell in size.

B  It will shrink in size.

C  It will stay the same size.

D  The result can’t be predicted

A  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

B  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

C  may open in response to binding a ligand.

D  are nonspecific.

E  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

A  It is an amphipathic molecule.

B  It is a polar molecule.

C  It is a nonpolar molecule.

A  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

B  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

C  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

D  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

E  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

A  endosomes

B  peroxisomes

C  mitochondria

D  lysosomes

E  ribosomes

A  They have different numbers of neutrons.

B  They have different numbers of electrons.

C  They have different number of energy shells

D  They have different numbers of protons.

E  They can form different numbers of chemical bonds.

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

A  are nonspecific.

B  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

C  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

D  may open in response to binding a ligand.

E  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

A  mitochondria.

B  Golgi apparatus.

C  nucleus.

D  endoplasmic reticulum.

E  plasma membrane.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Hydrosmosis

B  Phagocytosis

C  Pinocytosis

D  Active transport

E  Hyperosmotic vesicular entrapment

A  polypeptide

B  peptide

C  chemical

D  polymerase

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Mitochondria

B  Ribosomes

C  Lysosomes

D  Peroxisomes

E  Endosomes

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Tertiary

B  Quaternary

C  Secondary

D  Primary

A  polymerase

B  polysaturated

C  polypeptide

D  polyunsaturated

A  4

B  2

C  1

D  8

E  6

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

B  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

C  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

D  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

E  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Solutes

B  Glucose

C  Water

D  Lipid molecules

E  Charged particles

A  are catalysts in chemical reactions.

B  can be carbohydrate molecules.

C  are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.

D  have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”

E  are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  is synonymous with the term “catabolism.”

B  is synonymous with the term “anabolism.”

C  refers to the synthesis and breakdown of organic molecules involved in cell structure and function.

D  refers to any chemical reaction that involves the production of energy.

E  is defined as the covalent modification and activationof a protein with binding sites for organic molecules.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Dividing by mitosis

B  Manufacturing ribosomes

C  Making ATP

D  Breaking down carbohydrates

E  Synthesizing lipids

A  100 mM MgCl 2

B  100 mM NaCl

C  400 mM urea

D  300 mM glucose

E  200 mM NaCl

A  Atom

B  Lipophilic

C  Polar

D  Molecule

E  Ion

A  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

B  It has no net electrical charge.

C  It is covalent.

D  It is ionized.

A  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and using oxygen to generate ATP

B  Synthesizing lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

C  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

D  Modifying proteins synthesized on ribosomes associated with granular endoplasmic reticulum and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

E  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and storing calcium ions

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

B  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

C  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

D  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

E  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Van der Waals forces

B  Hydrogen bonds

C  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

D  Ionic bonds

E  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

A  1

B  90

C  0

D  30

E  10

A  Krebs cycle

B  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

C  Glycolysis

D  Oxidative phosphorylation

E  None of the choices are correct.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Increase blood glucose level

B  No effect on blood glucose level

C  Decrease blood glucose level

A  Providing genetic information

B  Generating ATP

C  Storing calcium ions

D  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

E  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

A  By increasing the temperature of a solution

B  By acting as one of the reactant molecules

C  By phosphorylating a reactant

D  By increasing the energy content of the product molecules

E  By decreasing the energy of activation

A  It includes actin filaments.

B  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

C  It is important for cellular movement.

D  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

E  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

A  Accommodation

B  Saturation

C  Specificity

D  Inhibition

E  Acclimatization