Lecture Exam 1 (A)

A  Generation of ATP

B  Transcription of DNA into RNA

C  Synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

D  Synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles

E  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Substance Y will diffuse faster.

B  Substance X will diffuse faster.

C  Substance X and Substance Y will diffuse at the same rate, as they are of equal size and concentration.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

B  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

C  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

D  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

E  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It will swell in size.

B  It will shrink in size.

C  The result can’t be predicted

D  It will stay the same size.

A  may open in response to binding a ligand.

B  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

C  are nonspecific.

D  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

E  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

A  It is a polar molecule.

B  It is a nonpolar molecule.

C  It is an amphipathic molecule.

A  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

B  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

C  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

D  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

E  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

A  endosomes

B  ribosomes

C  peroxisomes

D  mitochondria

E  lysosomes

A  They have different numbers of protons.

B  They have different numbers of neutrons.

C  They can form different numbers of chemical bonds.

D  They have different numbers of electrons.

E  They have different number of energy shells

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

A  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

B  may open in response to binding a ligand.

C  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

D  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

E  are nonspecific.

A  endoplasmic reticulum.

B  plasma membrane.

C  nucleus.

D  mitochondria.

E  Golgi apparatus.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Pinocytosis

B  Hyperosmotic vesicular entrapment

C  Active transport

D  Hydrosmosis

E  Phagocytosis

A  polypeptide

B  chemical

C  peptide

D  polymerase

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Peroxisomes

B  Endosomes

C  Lysosomes

D  Mitochondria

E  Ribosomes

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Tertiary

B  Quaternary

C  Secondary

D  Primary

A  polysaturated

B  polypeptide

C  polyunsaturated

D  polymerase

A  1

B  2

C  6

D  4

E  8

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

B  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

C  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

D  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

E  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Solutes

B  Lipid molecules

C  Charged particles

D  Water

E  Glucose

A  have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”

B  are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.

C  are catalysts in chemical reactions.

D  are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.

E  can be carbohydrate molecules.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  is synonymous with the term “catabolism.”

B  is synonymous with the term “anabolism.”

C  refers to the synthesis and breakdown of organic molecules involved in cell structure and function.

D  refers to any chemical reaction that involves the production of energy.

E  is defined as the covalent modification and activationof a protein with binding sites for organic molecules.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Breaking down carbohydrates

B  Manufacturing ribosomes

C  Dividing by mitosis

D  Synthesizing lipids

E  Making ATP

A  100 mM MgCl 2

B  200 mM NaCl

C  400 mM urea

D  100 mM NaCl

E  300 mM glucose

A  Ion

B  Molecule

C  Atom

D  Polar

E  Lipophilic

A  It is ionized.

B  It is covalent.

C  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

D  It has no net electrical charge.

A  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

B  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and using oxygen to generate ATP

C  Modifying proteins synthesized on ribosomes associated with granular endoplasmic reticulum and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

D  Synthesizing lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

E  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and storing calcium ions

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

B  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

C  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

D  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

E  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

B  Van der Waals forces

C  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

D  Ionic bonds

E  Hydrogen bonds

A  0

B  10

C  30

D  90

E  1

A  Krebs cycle

B  Oxidative phosphorylation

C  None of the choices are correct.

D  Glycolysis

E  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  No effect on blood glucose level

B  Increase blood glucose level

C  Decrease blood glucose level

A  Storing calcium ions

B  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

C  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

D  Generating ATP

E  Providing genetic information

A  By acting as one of the reactant molecules

B  By phosphorylating a reactant

C  By increasing the energy content of the product molecules

D  By increasing the temperature of a solution

E  By decreasing the energy of activation

A  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

B  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

C  It includes actin filaments.

D  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

E  It is important for cellular movement.

A  Saturation

B  Specificity

C  Inhibition

D  Acclimatization

E  Accommodation