Lecture Exam 1

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  active transport.

B  simple diffusion.

C  diffusion through a channel.

D  diffusion using a pump.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  2 molecules of NADH and 2 molecules of water

B  2 molecules of pyruvate and 36 molecules of ATP

C  2 molecules of pyruvate, 2 molecules of lactate, and 2 ATP

D  2 molecules of pyruvate, 2 molecules of water, and 2 NADH

E  2 molecules of ATP, 2 molecules of water, and 2 molecules of lactate

A  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and using oxygen to generate ATP

B  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and storing calcium ions

C  Synthesizing lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

D  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

E  Modifying proteins synthesized on ribosomes associated with granular endoplasmic reticulum and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

B  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

C  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

D  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

E  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

A  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

B  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

C  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

D  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

E  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

A  Oxidative phosphorylation

B  Glycolysis

C  None of the choices are correct.

D  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

E  Krebs cycle

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Simple diffusion

B  None of these can occur without the direct use of ATP

C  Primary active transport

D  Facilitated diffusion

E  Secondary active transport

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  300 mM glucose

B  100 mM NaCl

C  400 mM urea

D  200 mM NaCl

E  100 mM MgCl 2

A  generate ATP and electron carriers NADH and FADH2

B  take place only when no oxygen is present.

C  produce pyruvate and lactate as end products.

D  take place in the cytosol of human cells.

E  generate ATP and the electron carrier NADH

A  No effect on blood glucose level

B  Increase blood glucose level

C  Decrease blood glucose level

A  endosomes

B  ribosomes

C  lysosomes

D  peroxisomes

E  mitochondria

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Monosaccharides

B  Cholesterol

C  Amino acids

D  Nucleotides

E  Phospholipids

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 3′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 5’UTR

B  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a 3’UTR and then the coding sequence

C  It starts with a UTR sequence, then is followed by a promoter and then the coding sequence

D  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 3’UTR

A  Storing calcium ions

B  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

C  Generating ATP

D  Providing genetic information

E  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

A  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

B  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

C  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

D  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

E  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

B  It is ionized.

C  It is covalent.

D  It has no net electrical charge.

A  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

B  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

C  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

D  are nonspecific.

E  may open in response to binding a ligand.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Making ATP

B  Dividing by mitosis

C  Breaking down carbohydrates

D  Manufacturing ribosomes

E  Synthesizing lipids

A  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

B  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

C  It includes actin filaments.

D  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

E  It is important for cellular movement.

A  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

B  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

C  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

D  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

E  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

A  Mitochondria

B  Endosomes

C  Peroxisomes

D  Ribosomes

E  Lysosomes

A  Tertiary

B  Secondary

C  Primary

D  Quaternary

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Substance Y will diffuse faster.

B  Substance X and Substance Y will diffuse at the same rate, as they are of equal size and concentration.

C  Substance X will diffuse faster.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  A cation

B  A free radical

C  An anion

D  A new element

E  A covalent molecule

A  bipolar.

B  amphipathic.

C  hydrophilic.

D  hydrophobic.

E  unipolar.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Hydrosmosis

B  Active transport

C  Pinocytosis

D  Hyperosmotic vesicular entrapment

E  Phagocytosis

A  The result can’t be predicted

B  It will stay the same size.

C  It will swell in size.

D  It will shrink in size.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

A  6

B  4

C  1

D  2

E  8

A  Van der Waals forces

B  Ionic bonds

C  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

D  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

E  Hydrogen bonds

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  They have different numbers of neutrons.

B  They have different number of energy shells

C  They can form different numbers of chemical bonds.

D  They have different numbers of protons.

E  They have different numbers of electrons.

A  Water

B  Glucose

C  Solutes

D  Charged particles

E  Lipid molecules