Lecture Exam 1

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  diffusion through a channel.

B  simple diffusion.

C  active transport.

D  diffusion using a pump.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  2 molecules of pyruvate, 2 molecules of water, and 2 NADH

B  2 molecules of ATP, 2 molecules of water, and 2 molecules of lactate

C  2 molecules of NADH and 2 molecules of water

D  2 molecules of pyruvate and 36 molecules of ATP

E  2 molecules of pyruvate, 2 molecules of lactate, and 2 ATP

A  Modifying proteins synthesized on ribosomes associated with granular endoplasmic reticulum and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

B  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and storing calcium ions

C  Synthesizing lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

D  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and using oxygen to generate ATP

E  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

B  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

C  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

D  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

E  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

A  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

B  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

C  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

D  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

E  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

A  Oxidative phosphorylation

B  None of the choices are correct.

C  Krebs cycle

D  Glycolysis

E  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Simple diffusion

B  None of these can occur without the direct use of ATP

C  Secondary active transport

D  Facilitated diffusion

E  Primary active transport

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  200 mM NaCl

B  400 mM urea

C  100 mM NaCl

D  300 mM glucose

E  100 mM MgCl 2

A  generate ATP and electron carriers NADH and FADH2

B  take place only when no oxygen is present.

C  take place in the cytosol of human cells.

D  generate ATP and the electron carrier NADH

E  produce pyruvate and lactate as end products.

A  Decrease blood glucose level

B  No effect on blood glucose level

C  Increase blood glucose level

A  ribosomes

B  mitochondria

C  endosomes

D  peroxisomes

E  lysosomes

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Phospholipids

B  Monosaccharides

C  Cholesterol

D  Nucleotides

E  Amino acids

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a 3’UTR and then the coding sequence

B  It starts with a UTR sequence, then is followed by a promoter and then the coding sequence

C  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 3’UTR

D  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 3′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 5’UTR

A  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

B  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

C  Storing calcium ions

D  Generating ATP

E  Providing genetic information

A  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

B  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

C  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

D  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

E  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

B  It is ionized.

C  It has no net electrical charge.

D  It is covalent.

A  may open in response to binding a ligand.

B  are nonspecific.

C  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

D  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

E  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Synthesizing lipids

B  Manufacturing ribosomes

C  Dividing by mitosis

D  Making ATP

E  Breaking down carbohydrates

A  It includes actin filaments.

B  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

C  It is important for cellular movement.

D  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

E  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

A  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

B  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

C  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

D  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

E  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

A  Lysosomes

B  Endosomes

C  Mitochondria

D  Peroxisomes

E  Ribosomes

A  Quaternary

B  Secondary

C  Tertiary

D  Primary

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Substance X and Substance Y will diffuse at the same rate, as they are of equal size and concentration.

B  Substance X will diffuse faster.

C  Substance Y will diffuse faster.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  A free radical

B  An anion

C  A new element

D  A cation

E  A covalent molecule

A  hydrophilic.

B  hydrophobic.

C  amphipathic.

D  unipolar.

E  bipolar.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Active transport

B  Phagocytosis

C  Hyperosmotic vesicular entrapment

D  Pinocytosis

E  Hydrosmosis

A  It will shrink in size.

B  It will swell in size.

C  It will stay the same size.

D  The result can’t be predicted

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

A  2

B  6

C  1

D  4

E  8

A  Hydrogen bonds

B  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

C  Van der Waals forces

D  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

E  Ionic bonds

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  They can form different numbers of chemical bonds.

B  They have different numbers of electrons.

C  They have different numbers of neutrons.

D  They have different number of energy shells

E  They have different numbers of protons.

A  Charged particles

B  Glucose

C  Solutes

D  Lipid molecules

E  Water