Lecture Exam 1

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  diffusion using a pump.

B  diffusion through a channel.

C  active transport.

D  simple diffusion.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  2 molecules of pyruvate and 36 molecules of ATP

B  2 molecules of pyruvate, 2 molecules of lactate, and 2 ATP

C  2 molecules of ATP, 2 molecules of water, and 2 molecules of lactate

D  2 molecules of NADH and 2 molecules of water

E  2 molecules of pyruvate, 2 molecules of water, and 2 NADH

A  Synthesizing lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

B  Modifying proteins synthesized on ribosomes associated with granular endoplasmic reticulum and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

C  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and using oxygen to generate ATP

D  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

E  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and storing calcium ions

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

B  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

C  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

D  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

E  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

A  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

B  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

C  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

D  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

E  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

A  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

B  None of the choices are correct.

C  Glycolysis

D  Oxidative phosphorylation

E  Krebs cycle

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Simple diffusion

B  None of these can occur without the direct use of ATP

C  Secondary active transport

D  Facilitated diffusion

E  Primary active transport

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  100 mM MgCl 2

B  300 mM glucose

C  100 mM NaCl

D  200 mM NaCl

E  400 mM urea

A  take place in the cytosol of human cells.

B  take place only when no oxygen is present.

C  generate ATP and electron carriers NADH and FADH2

D  produce pyruvate and lactate as end products.

E  generate ATP and the electron carrier NADH

A  Increase blood glucose level

B  Decrease blood glucose level

C  No effect on blood glucose level

A  peroxisomes

B  endosomes

C  mitochondria

D  lysosomes

E  ribosomes

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Nucleotides

B  Cholesterol

C  Monosaccharides

D  Amino acids

E  Phospholipids

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It starts with a UTR sequence, then is followed by a promoter and then the coding sequence

B  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 3’UTR

C  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 3′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 5’UTR

D  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a 3’UTR and then the coding sequence

A  Generating ATP

B  Storing calcium ions

C  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

D  Providing genetic information

E  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

A  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

B  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

C  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

D  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

E  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It is covalent.

B  It is ionized.

C  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

D  It has no net electrical charge.

A  may open in response to binding a ligand.

B  are nonspecific.

C  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

D  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

E  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Synthesizing lipids

B  Breaking down carbohydrates

C  Manufacturing ribosomes

D  Dividing by mitosis

E  Making ATP

A  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

B  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

C  It is important for cellular movement.

D  It includes actin filaments.

E  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

A  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

B  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

C  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

D  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

E  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

A  Peroxisomes

B  Endosomes

C  Mitochondria

D  Lysosomes

E  Ribosomes

A  Tertiary

B  Quaternary

C  Primary

D  Secondary

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Substance X will diffuse faster.

B  Substance X and Substance Y will diffuse at the same rate, as they are of equal size and concentration.

C  Substance Y will diffuse faster.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  A covalent molecule

B  A free radical

C  A cation

D  A new element

E  An anion

A  hydrophobic.

B  amphipathic.

C  hydrophilic.

D  unipolar.

E  bipolar.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Hyperosmotic vesicular entrapment

B  Phagocytosis

C  Active transport

D  Pinocytosis

E  Hydrosmosis

A  It will swell in size.

B  The result can’t be predicted

C  It will shrink in size.

D  It will stay the same size.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

A  6

B  1

C  4

D  8

E  2

A  Ionic bonds

B  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

C  Hydrogen bonds

D  Van der Waals forces

E  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  They have different numbers of protons.

B  They can form different numbers of chemical bonds.

C  They have different numbers of electrons.

D  They have different numbers of neutrons.

E  They have different number of energy shells

A  Water

B  Lipid molecules

C  Glucose

D  Charged particles

E  Solutes