Exam 2

A  ATP

B  CO2

C  H2O

D  O2

A  Calvin cycle

B  Citric acid cycle

C  Electron transport chain

D  Glycolysis

A  Yes, about as much as with oxygen.

B  Yes, but not quite as much as with oxygen.

C  Yes, but much less than with oxygen.

D  No, oxygen is required to harvest any energy from glucose.

A  Glycolysis

B  Citric acid cycle

C  Fermentation

D  Electron transport chain

A  ANP

B  NADP+

C  ATP

D  ADP

A  To produce oxygen

B  To produce ATP

C  To produce carbon dioxide

D  To produce sugars

A  For cellular respiration to produce ATP

B  All of the other answer options are correct

C  For making cellulose, which makes the bulk of a plant

D  For storage

A  Citric acid cycle

B  Calvin cycle

C  Glycolysis

D  Fermentation

A  It breaks down into carbon dioxide and water.

B  It is split into two molecules of pyruvic acid.

C  It loses a phosphate group and is converted to ADP.

D  It is completely destroyed.

A  It fixes carbon into sugars.

B  It is the source of electrons.

C  It excites electrons.

D  It splits ATP molecules.

A  It is split to form sugar.

B  It is a waste product in the light reactions.

C  It is the initial electron releaser.

D  It is the final electron acceptor.

A  Neither Stage 1 (the light reactions) nor Stage 2 (the Calvin cycle)

B  Both Stage 1 (the light reactions) and Stage 2 (the Calvin cycle)

C  Stage 1 (the light reactions)

D  Stage 2 (the Calvin cycle)

A  Sugar

B  ATP

C  CO2

D  O2

A  Cold weather denatures the chlorophyll molecule, and it begins to reflect different colors.

B  The chlorophyll molecule is modified to absorb different wavelengths of light.

C  The chlorophyll molecule breaks down and other pigments now become visible.

D  When leaves die, the chlorophyll molecules are no longer visible.

A  To produce ATP

B  To produce sugars

C  There is no role, as animals do not have chloroplasts

D  To carry out photosynthesis

A  Only cellular respiration

B  Neither photosynthesis nor cellular respiration

C  Only photosynthesis

D  Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration

A  To convert the chemical energy of sugars into heat to maintain an elevated body temperature

B  To convert the chemical energy of sugars into the chemical energy that fuels life’s processes

C  To convert solar energy into the chemical energy of sugars

D  To convert kinetic energy into the chemical energy of sugars

A  A pencil falling from your desk

B  A pencil hitting the ground after falling from your desk

C  A pencil on your desk

D  A pencil laying on the ground

A  located next to one another

B  typically on the Y chromosome

C  expressed only in women or only in men

D  typically on the X chromosome

A  Single-gene traits

B  Multiple alleles

C  Incomplete dominance

D  Polygenic inheritance

A  The inheritance of one character has no effect on the inheritance of another character.

B  There are two versions of each trait, a dominant and a recessive; the one you get is random.

C  The expression of one gene has no effect on the expression of another gene.

D  Segregation of homologous chromosomes is random.

A  they can only express the recessive trait

B  both of their alleles carry the same information

C  their two alleles carry different information

D  they can only express the dominant trait

A  originate from the same parent

B  are always the same

C  can be the same or can be different

D  are always different

A  Both mitosis and meiosis

B  Mitosis

C  Meiosis

D  None of the other answer options

A  diploid (n)

B  haploid (2n)

C  haploid (n)

D  diploid (2n)

A  46

B  23

C  92

D  2

A  cloning

B  mitosis

C  meiosis

D  surrogate growth

A  At the completion of plant cell mitosis

B  In the middle of animal cell mitosis

C  In the middle of plant cell mitosis

D  At the completion of animal cell mitosis

A  Chromosomes line up, nuclear membrane forms, nuclear membrane dissolves, sister chromatids split

B  Nuclear membrane dissolves, chromosomes line up, sister chromatids split, nuclear membrane forms

C  Nuclear membrane forms, chromosomes line up, sister chromatids split, nuclear membrane dissolves

D  Sister chromatids split, nuclear membrane dissolves, nuclear membrane forms, chromosomes line up

A  All of the other answer options generate genetic variation

B  Random fertilization

C  Crossing over

D  Independent assortment

A  chromosome duplication

B  meiosis

C  interphase

D  mitosis

A  Daughter cells

B  Genomes

C  Sister chromatids

D  Homologous chromosomes

A  No, the number of chromosomes does not indicate how complex an organism is.

B  Yes, the number of chromosomes indicates how complex an organism is.

C  Yes, the number of chromosomes is a good indicator of an organism’s complexity, but the amount of DNA matters even more.

D  It depends on the type of cells of the organism.

A  fertilization

B  binary fission

C  meiosis

D  mitosis

A  unique set of genes

B  unique mRNA sequences

C  unique fingerprints

D  unique set of short tandem repeats within DNA

A  Egg donor

B  It depends on whether it is male or female.

C  DNA donor

D  Surrogate mother

A  There is not enough information provided to answer

B  No, the PCR machine can only copy fragments of DNA.

C  Yes, that is its primary function.

D  No, only the genes would be copied.

A  The only source of mutations in cells

B  Chemical factors that can treat cancer

C  Physical or chemical factors that can lead to mutations causing cancer

D  Errors during DNA replication

A  During mitosis

B  During meiosis

C  During embryonic development

D  During replication

A  No, since they don’t contain the same DNA

B  Yes, since they all contain the same DNA

C  No, since they don’t all need to make the same proteins

D  Yes, since they all make the same proteins

A  The insulin-producing gene of bacteria was altered to have the same base sequence as the human counterpart and now produces the human version of insulin.

B  The gene that produces insulin in humans was inserted into the bacteria where it continues to produce human insulin.

C  Typical bacterial insulin is exactly the same as human insulin.

D  Bacterial insulin is similar enough to human insulin to serve the same purpose.

A  Anticodons

B  Codons

C  Amino acids

D  Ribosome

A  CGGUAAUG

B  CGGTAATG

C  CGGTUUTG

D  GCCAUUAC

A  uracil

B  thymine

C  guanine

D  adenine

A  Promoters are regions of DNA where RNA polymerase can bind to start transcription

B  All of the other answer options are correct

C  Promoters act as a “start here” signal to help control gene expression

D  Promoters are regions of DNA that indicates the start of a gene

A  A section of DNA that codes for one or more proteins

B  All of the other answer options and more are part of the expanding definition of a gene.

C  A discrete sequence of DNA nucleotides

D  A section of DNA that codes for a portion of a protein

A  DNA is double stranded, and RNA is a single strand.

B  All of the other answer options are correct.

C  One of the bases is different.

D  They each contain a slightly different sugar molecule.

A  AGGCTTA

B  TCCGAAT

C  CGGATTC

D  ATTCGGA

A  The protein

B  The sugar molecule

C  The phosphate group

D  The base

A  A hydrogen bond

B  A covalent bond

C  A peptide bond

D  A ionic bond