Exam 2

A  H2O

B  ATP

C  O2

D  CO2

A  Electron transport chain

B  Citric acid cycle

C  Glycolysis

D  Calvin cycle

A  Yes, but much less than with oxygen.

B  No, oxygen is required to harvest any energy from glucose.

C  Yes, but not quite as much as with oxygen.

D  Yes, about as much as with oxygen.

A  Citric acid cycle

B  Glycolysis

C  Fermentation

D  Electron transport chain

A  ADP

B  ATP

C  ANP

D  NADP+

A  To produce sugars

B  To produce ATP

C  To produce oxygen

D  To produce carbon dioxide

A  All of the other answer options are correct

B  For making cellulose, which makes the bulk of a plant

C  For storage

D  For cellular respiration to produce ATP

A  Calvin cycle

B  Glycolysis

C  Fermentation

D  Citric acid cycle

A  It loses a phosphate group and is converted to ADP.

B  It breaks down into carbon dioxide and water.

C  It is completely destroyed.

D  It is split into two molecules of pyruvic acid.

A  It fixes carbon into sugars.

B  It is the source of electrons.

C  It excites electrons.

D  It splits ATP molecules.

A  It is the final electron acceptor.

B  It is a waste product in the light reactions.

C  It is split to form sugar.

D  It is the initial electron releaser.

A  Stage 1 (the light reactions)

B  Stage 2 (the Calvin cycle)

C  Both Stage 1 (the light reactions) and Stage 2 (the Calvin cycle)

D  Neither Stage 1 (the light reactions) nor Stage 2 (the Calvin cycle)

A  ATP

B  CO2

C  Sugar

D  O2

A  The chlorophyll molecule breaks down and other pigments now become visible.

B  Cold weather denatures the chlorophyll molecule, and it begins to reflect different colors.

C  When leaves die, the chlorophyll molecules are no longer visible.

D  The chlorophyll molecule is modified to absorb different wavelengths of light.

A  To carry out photosynthesis

B  There is no role, as animals do not have chloroplasts

C  To produce ATP

D  To produce sugars

A  Only photosynthesis

B  Only cellular respiration

C  Neither photosynthesis nor cellular respiration

D  Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration

A  To convert the chemical energy of sugars into heat to maintain an elevated body temperature

B  To convert solar energy into the chemical energy of sugars

C  To convert the chemical energy of sugars into the chemical energy that fuels life’s processes

D  To convert kinetic energy into the chemical energy of sugars

A  A pencil falling from your desk

B  A pencil hitting the ground after falling from your desk

C  A pencil on your desk

D  A pencil laying on the ground

A  typically on the X chromosome

B  typically on the Y chromosome

C  located next to one another

D  expressed only in women or only in men

A  Single-gene traits

B  Multiple alleles

C  Incomplete dominance

D  Polygenic inheritance

A  Segregation of homologous chromosomes is random.

B  The expression of one gene has no effect on the expression of another gene.

C  The inheritance of one character has no effect on the inheritance of another character.

D  There are two versions of each trait, a dominant and a recessive; the one you get is random.

A  they can only express the recessive trait

B  they can only express the dominant trait

C  their two alleles carry different information

D  both of their alleles carry the same information

A  are always different

B  are always the same

C  can be the same or can be different

D  originate from the same parent

A  Mitosis

B  Both mitosis and meiosis

C  None of the other answer options

D  Meiosis

A  haploid (n)

B  diploid (2n)

C  haploid (2n)

D  diploid (n)

A  92

B  23

C  2

D  46

A  mitosis

B  meiosis

C  cloning

D  surrogate growth

A  At the completion of animal cell mitosis

B  In the middle of animal cell mitosis

C  In the middle of plant cell mitosis

D  At the completion of plant cell mitosis

A  Nuclear membrane dissolves, chromosomes line up, sister chromatids split, nuclear membrane forms

B  Chromosomes line up, nuclear membrane forms, nuclear membrane dissolves, sister chromatids split

C  Nuclear membrane forms, chromosomes line up, sister chromatids split, nuclear membrane dissolves

D  Sister chromatids split, nuclear membrane dissolves, nuclear membrane forms, chromosomes line up

A  Independent assortment

B  Random fertilization

C  Crossing over

D  All of the other answer options generate genetic variation

A  meiosis

B  interphase

C  mitosis

D  chromosome duplication

A  Genomes

B  Sister chromatids

C  Homologous chromosomes

D  Daughter cells

A  Yes, the number of chromosomes is a good indicator of an organism’s complexity, but the amount of DNA matters even more.

B  No, the number of chromosomes does not indicate how complex an organism is.

C  It depends on the type of cells of the organism.

D  Yes, the number of chromosomes indicates how complex an organism is.

A  binary fission

B  mitosis

C  meiosis

D  fertilization

A  unique mRNA sequences

B  unique set of short tandem repeats within DNA

C  unique fingerprints

D  unique set of genes

A  DNA donor

B  Egg donor

C  Surrogate mother

D  It depends on whether it is male or female.

A  No, only the genes would be copied.

B  No, the PCR machine can only copy fragments of DNA.

C  There is not enough information provided to answer

D  Yes, that is its primary function.

A  The only source of mutations in cells

B  Errors during DNA replication

C  Physical or chemical factors that can lead to mutations causing cancer

D  Chemical factors that can treat cancer

A  During meiosis

B  During embryonic development

C  During replication

D  During mitosis

A  No, since they don’t contain the same DNA

B  Yes, since they all make the same proteins

C  Yes, since they all contain the same DNA

D  No, since they don’t all need to make the same proteins

A  The insulin-producing gene of bacteria was altered to have the same base sequence as the human counterpart and now produces the human version of insulin.

B  Typical bacterial insulin is exactly the same as human insulin.

C  The gene that produces insulin in humans was inserted into the bacteria where it continues to produce human insulin.

D  Bacterial insulin is similar enough to human insulin to serve the same purpose.

A  Anticodons

B  Ribosome

C  Amino acids

D  Codons

A  GCCAUUAC

B  CGGTAATG

C  CGGUAAUG

D  CGGTUUTG

A  guanine

B  thymine

C  uracil

D  adenine

A  Promoters act as a “start here” signal to help control gene expression

B  All of the other answer options are correct

C  Promoters are regions of DNA that indicates the start of a gene

D  Promoters are regions of DNA where RNA polymerase can bind to start transcription

A  All of the other answer options and more are part of the expanding definition of a gene.

B  A discrete sequence of DNA nucleotides

C  A section of DNA that codes for a portion of a protein

D  A section of DNA that codes for one or more proteins

A  DNA is double stranded, and RNA is a single strand.

B  One of the bases is different.

C  All of the other answer options are correct.

D  They each contain a slightly different sugar molecule.

A  CGGATTC

B  ATTCGGA

C  AGGCTTA

D  TCCGAAT

A  The base

B  The sugar molecule

C  The phosphate group

D  The protein

A  A peptide bond

B  A covalent bond

C  A ionic bond

D  A hydrogen bond