Lecture Exam 2

A  more fluid is absorbed and reabsorbed than is filtered.

B  the fluid reabsorbed into the capillary exactly matches the amount filtered by the capillary.

C  more fluid is filtered than reabsorbed.

A  get smaller.

B  get larger.

C  show no change in their lumen size.

A  vasodilation so that they function as blood reservoirs.

B  vasoconstriction so that blood is shifted toward the rest of the circulatory system.

C  vasoconstriction so that they function as blood reservoirs.

D  vasodilation so that blood is shifted toward the rest of the circulatory system.

A  central arteries and monocytes.

B  a hilum that is located intermediate to two lobules.

C  crypts, trabeculae, and Reed-Sternberg cells.

D  lymphatic cells, extracellular matrix, and an incomplete connective tissue capsule.

E  afferent vessels, efferent vessels, a cortex, and medulla.

A  similar

B  opposite

A  secreted by salivary glands.

B  in the lymph.

C  ingested or inhaled.

D  in the blood.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  NK cells

B  Dendritic cells

C  Alveolar macrophages

D  Cytokines

E  Mast cells

A  vasodilation, decreased urine output, and therefore increased blood pressure.

B  vasodilation, increased urine output, and therefore decreased blood pressure.

C  vasoconstriction, decreased urine output, and therefore decreased blood pressure.

D  vasoconstriction, increased urine output, and therefore increased blood pressure.

E  vasoconstriction, sodium retention, and therefore increased blood pressure.

A  is one in which multiple arteries converge on one organ or body region.

B  is one in which circulation to a large organ involves only one artery and one main (portal) vein.

C  is a simple circulatory system with an arteriovenous anastomosis.

D  is one in which blood flows through two capillary beds before being sent back to the heart.

E  includes a functional end artery that makes an arterial anastomosis.

A  exocytosis.

B  osmosis.

C  diffusion of both water and solutes.

D  endocytosis.

E  hydrostatic pressure.

A  increases

B  will not affect

C  decreases

A  supply metarteriole with blood.

B  allow for diffusion of nutrients and metabolic wastes.

C  drain the capillary bed.

D  allow for diffusion of nutrients to the tissues.

E  allow for diffusion of metabolic wastes from the tissues.

A  complement

B  serotonin

C  interferon

D  perforin

E  histamine

A  innate; physical barriers to pathogen entry

B  adaptive; physical barriers to pathogen entry

C  innate; attackers of pathogenic cells

D  adaptive; attackers of pathogenic cells

A  anastomosis, as its two capillary beds are separated by a portal vein.

B  simple pathway, as one artery delivers blood and one vein drains the organ.

C  anastomosis, as one artery delivers blood and one vein drains the organ.

D  simple pathway, as its two capillary beds are separated by a portal vein.

A  capillaries

B  capillaries and veins

C  arteries

D  veins

E  capillaries and arteries

A  It serves as a blood reservoir.

B  Its cells include T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, and macrophages.

C  It contains a central artery.

D  Its cells are arranged in clusters that are circular in shape.

A  the proteins in the blood, and it promotes reabsorption.

B  the pressure generated by the heart, and it favors osmosis into the arteriole end of the capillary bed.

C  the high amount of water in the blood, and it promotes filtration from arterioles.

D  the high amount of water in the blood, and it promotes diffusion out of the capillaries.

E  the proteins in the blood, and it promotes filtration.

A  Eosinophils

B  Basophils

C  Neutrophils

D  Macrophages

E  Natural killer cells

A  2; in the mediastinum

B  4; in the mediastinum

C  2; anterior to the laryngeal prominence (Adam’s apple)

D  4; anterior to the laryngeal prominence (Adam’s apple)

A  increases, as blood hydrostatic pressure rises.

B  decreases, as blood colloid osmotic pressure decreases.

C  increases, as blood colloid osmotic pressure rises.

D  remains the same, as rises in blood osmotic pressure are offset by declines in tissue osmotic pressure.

E  decreases, as blood hydrostatic pressure decreases.

A  5/3.

B  40 mmHg.

C  50 mmHg.

D  100 mmHg.

E  125 mmHg.

A  sustained increase in resistance that leads to increases in arterial pressure to maintain adequate blood flow.

B  sustained decrease in resistance that leads to decreases in arterial pressure to maintain adequate blood flow.

C  sustained increase in blood pressure that leads to compensatory vasodilation.

D  sustained decrease in blood flow that leads to increases in arterial diameter to lower resistance and raise pressure.

E  sustained increase in blood flow that leads to decreases in venous resistance to keep blood pressure constant.

A  tunica intima

B  tunica externa

C  tunica media

D  tunica interna

E  None of the answers is correct.

A  Filtration dominates at the arterial end of a capillary bed, and is driven by osmotic pressure.

B  Filtration dominates at the venous end of a capillary bed, and is driven by hydrostatic pressure.

C  Filtration dominates at the venous end of a capillary bed, and is driven by osmotic pressure.

D  Filtration dominates at the arterial end of a capillary bed, and is driven by hydrostatic pressure.

A  monocytes.

B  neutrophils.

C  B-lymphocytes.

D  macrophages.

E  T-lymphocytes.

A  Its white pulp contains T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, and macrophages.

B  It is divided into sections by capsular extensions called trabeculae.

C  Its blood is supplied by the splenic artery and drained by the splenic vein.

D  It has an outer cortex and inner medulla.

A  afferent lymphatic vessel.

B  cisterna chyli.

C  efferent lymphatic vessel.

D  lacteal.

E  trabeculum.

A  CAMs on leukocytes adhere to CAMs on endothelial cells of capillaries within injured tissues.

B  chemical messengers are secreted that stimulate the sensation of pain that accompanies inflammation.

C  cells migrate along chemical gradients.

D  cells exit the blood by squeezing out between cells in the blood vessel wall.

A  Muscular arteries

B  Arterioles

C  Elastic arteries

D  Elastic arteries and arterioles

E  Elastic and muscular arteries

A  The axillary lymph nodes receive lymph from the breast and may contain cancer cells.

B  In removing the breast, the blood supply to the nodes is removed and they will inevitably cease to function.

C  It is impossible to remove the breast without physically damaging the lymph nodes.

D  With the removal of the breast, there is no further need for lymph drainage and filtering in that part of the body.

E  The nerves that supply the axillary lymph nodes are often cut during the breast surgery.

A  is called the blood pressure.

B  is greater in the inferior vena cava than in the common iliac vein.

C  is called the pulse.

D  is greater during diastole.

E  increases the further the vessel is from the heart.

A  open when the tissue needs nutrients.

B  close when the tissue’s needs have been met.

C  All of the answers are correct.

D  cause blood to flow directly from the metarteriole into the postcapillary venule.

E  control blood flow into the true capillaries.

A  White bone marrow

B  Tonsils

C  Thyroid gland

D  Spleen

E  Thymus gland

A  The direction of filtration can be either into or out of the blood, but reabsorption always involves fluids entering the blood.

B  Filtration is driven by concentration gradients, whereas reabsorption depends on hydrostatic pressure.

C  Filtration involves bulk flow of fluid out of the blood, whereas reabsorption is bulk flow back into the blood.

D  Filtration happens at the venule end of a capillary bed and reabsorption happens in feeder arterioles.

A  b, c, e, f

B  c, d

C  b, c, d, g

D  a, b, e

E  f, g

A  a, d, f

B  b, d, e, f

C  a, c, d, e, f

D  a, b, d, e, f

E  a, b, d, f

A  Interstitial fluid

B  Blood plasma

C  Intracellular fluid

D  Whole blood

A  nonspecific process that occurs in vascularized tissue.

B  nonspecific process that occurs in avascular tissue.

C  antigen-specific process that occurs in vascularized tissue.

D  antigen-specific process that occurs in avascular tissue.

A  are found only in the largest veins.

B  make the use of a skeletal muscle pump unnecessary for venous blood flow.

C  are formed of the tunica media.

D  cause venous blood flow to go in only one direction.

E  are the leading cause of high blood pressure.

A  distributing arteries

B  vasa vasorum

C  thoroughfare channels

D  companion vessels

E  fenestrated arteries

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Flat bones of the skull

B  Sternum

C  Vertebrae

D  Long bones of digits

E  Ribs

A  be lower than normal.

B  be higher than normal.

A  Medulla

B  Trabecula

C  Capsule

D  Cortex

A  an increase in the relative amount of smooth muscle and a decrease in the relative amount of elastic fibers.

B  a decrease in both smooth muscle and elastic fibers and an increase in areolar connective tissue.

C  an increase in relative amounts of smooth muscle and elastic fibers and a decrease in endothelium.

D  a decrease in the relative amount of smooth muscle and an increase in the relative amount of elastic fibers.

A  acquired immunity.

B  innate immunity.

C  adaptive immunity.

D  cell-mediated immunity.

A  head and neck.

B  deep thoracic structures.

C  abdominopelvic wall.

D  upper limbs, breasts, and superficial thorax.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE