Exam 2

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Question #1

Primates are characterized by:

A docility, toolmaking, and lack of parental investment.

B arboreal adaptation and male dominance.

C arboreal adaptation, and parental investment.

Question #2

A group’s home range is the area in which the group

A encounters neighboring groups.

B first evolved.

C finds mates.

D searches for food.

Question #3

Old World monkeys have:

A two sets of molars.

B bilophodont molars.

C one-inch molars.

D Y-5 molars.

Question #4

The Miocene was characterized by an initial warming trend, followed by the ____.

A expansion of oceans

B retreat of tropical forests

C expansion of forests

D retreat of grasslands

Question #5

Primate maternal behavior is best understood as

A innate.

B socially learned.

C rarely practiced.

D instinctual.

Question #6

The arboreal hypothesis proposes that defining primate characteristics were adaptations to life in the trees, such as:

A grasping hands and feet, developed vision, and greater intelligence.

B developed vision, greater sense of smell, and grasping hands and feet.

C developed vision, greater sense of smell, and tails.

D grasping hands, tails, and intelligence.

Question #7

Plesiadapiforms are also called:

A adapids.

B protoprimates.

C proconsulids.

D dryopithecids.

Question #8

When did the split between the two primate suborders (Strepsirrhini and Haplorrhini) occur?

A 100-110 million years ago

B 30-40 million years ago

C 70-80 million years ago

D 5-10 million years ago

Question #9

The evolution of apes began in Africa and continued in:

A Asia and South America.

B Greece and South America.

C Europe and Asia.

D Europe and South America.

Question #10

Placental mammals originated in the ____ Era.

A Jurassic

B Cenozoic

C Paleozoic

D Mesozoic

Question #11

The typical catarrhine dental formula is:

A 1 / 1 / 2 / 3.

B 2 / 1 / 2 / 3.

C 3 / 1 / 2 / 3.

D 2 / 1 / 3 / 3.

Question #12

Modern primates are characterized by arboreal adaptations, including:

A short digits.

B a precision grip.

C opposable thumbs.

D an expanded reliance on sense of smell.

Question #13

The Miocene featured enormous diversity in

A apes.

B mammals.

C lemurs

D monkeys.

Question #14

Relative to body size, primate brain size is larger than other terrestrial mammals:

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #15

A “conspecific” is a member of

A more than one genus.

B one’s family.

C the same species.

D a different species.

Question #16

Haplorhines differ from strepsirhines in that they:

A have a smaller brain relative to body size.

B have more teeth.

C only nails

D are less dimorphic sexually.

Question #17

One key distinguishing characteristic of primates is the presence of

A snouts.

B large canines.

C tails.

D nails.

Question #18

Basal anthropoids are:

A Paleocene primates that may have been the first anthropoids.

B Eocene primates that are the earliest anthropoids.

C Eocene organisms that may have been the first primates.

D Paleocene organisms that may have been the first primates.

Question #19

Living lemurs are found only in:

A Asia.

B Madagascar.

C South America.

D Africa.

Question #20

The angiosperm radiation hypothesis proposes that:

A primate traits arose as adaptations to preying on insects.

B primates could see predators in advance.

C primates’ unique traits are an adaptation to living in trees.

D certain primate traits were responses to the acquisition of fruit during the Cenozoic.

Question #21

Most primates are solitary creatures that live alone.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #22

One form of communication among primates that serves to reinforce social bonds is

A smiling.

B lip flipping.

C spur marking.

D grooming.

Question #23

Strepsirhines have a special lower incisor called a:

A diastema.

B bilophodont.

C two-ridge tooth.

D tooth comb.

Question #24

What is one reason why primates develop more slowly compared to other mammals?

A Primates reproduce very rapidly.

B Primates do not invest in each offspring.

C Primates have large bodies.

D Primates have long life spans.

Question #25

Some species of Carpolestes possess which of the following primate-specific trait?

A septum

B postorbital bar

C nail

D large brains

Question #26

The angiosperm-primate coevolution hypothesis notes that the earliest primates likely ate

A tubers.

B insects.

C meat.

D fruit.

Question #27

The dental pattern of platyrrhines is:

A 2-2-2-3.

B 2-1-2-3.

C 2-1-3-3.

D 2-2-3-3.

Question #28

The most distinctive feature of ape dentition, which clearly distinguishes apes from Old World monkeys, is:

A a 2-1-2-3 dental formula.

B a long canine tooth in males.

C a Y-5 molar pattern.

D bilophodont molars.

Question #29

Prehensile tails are:

A made strictly of muscle.

B present only in some platyrrhines.

C present in catarrhine primates.

D present in most primates.

Question #30

Platyrrhines are found in

A India.

B Africa.

C Madagascar.

D the New World.

Question #31

Primates have long growth and development periods because:

A they are like other mammals in taking a long time to develop to sexual maturity.

B the areas of the brain associated with smell and hearing are expanded in primates.

C they have higher intelligence and larger brains relative to other animals.

D on average they are smaller bodied than most other mammals.

Question #32

Adapoids and omomyoids are considered to be ____ primates.

A pseudo-

B proto-

C early

D late

Question #33

What evidence supports grouping tarsiers with haplorrhines rather than strepsirrhines?

A genetic similarities

B physical appearance

C presence of a wet nose

D quadrupedalism

Question #34

Catarrhines’ nostrils are:

A close together and face downward.

B far apart and face sideways.

C wide and include a large nasal sinus.

D large due to their heightened sense of smell.

Question #35

The arboreal hypothesis of primate origins emphasizes primates

A acute sense of smell.

B fruit-eating tendency.

C grasping hands and feet.

D long legs compared to arms.

Question #36

Which of the following locomotion is associated with having longer arms than legs?

A quadrupedalism

B bipedalism

C brachiation

D leaping

Question #37

Many Old World primates have ____ vision that helps them easily find food.

A non-chromatic

B monochromatic

C dichromatic

D trichromatic

Question #38

The split between African apes and Asian apes likely occurred approximately ____ million years ago.

A 28-30

B 16-20

C 16-19

D 21-24

Question #39

Female reproductive strategies focus on

A obtaining food.

B Female reproductive strategies focus on

C niche competition.

D accessing receptive males.

Question #40

The visual predation hypothesis argues that the unique traits of primates evolved in order to hunt

A birds.

B mice.

C insects.

D reptiles.

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