Exam 1

A  genetic bottleneck

B  hardy effect

C  sexual selection

D  reproductive variance

A  they are mentally manipulated by an organism to achieve specific characteristics.

B  each cell type has its own unique DNA that is different from all other cells.

C  only specific genes for specific proteins are activated in specific cell types.

A  heritable chart

B  pedigree chart

C  punnett square

D  none of the above

A  archaeological, geological, geographical, and biological.

B  biological, archaeological, cultural, and linguistic.

C  cultural, linguistic, geological, and physical.

D  physics, biological, cultural, and linguistic.

A  the founder effect.

B  mutation.

C  gene flow.

D  stabilizing selection.

A  recessive allele

B  phenotype

C  genotype

D  allele frequency

A  recombination

B  gene flow

C  natrual selection

D  genetic drift

A  gene flow.

B  a population bottleneck.

C  genetic drift.

D  founder effect.

A  Genetic drift

B  Gene flow

C  Sexual selection

D  Natural selection

A  energy production

B  protein synthesis

C  cell replication

D  cytoplasmic

A  macroevolution

B  microevolution

C  speciation

D  species split

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  natural selection

B  extinction

C  a spontaneous population shift

D  a population bottleneck

A  adapted organisms

B  species

C  mutants

D  evolved organisms

A  extra chromosomes

B  a full complement of chromosomes

A  they decrease variation

B  they increase variation

C  They Don’t effect variation

D  They both increases and decreases variation

A  a change in allele frequencies in a breeding population over time.

B  a process that occurs only over extremely long periods of time.

C  changes in the DNA of an individual over his or her lifetime.

D  the appearance of a new species.

A  Amino acids, and hydrogen bonds

B  Chromosome s and nuclein

C  Deoxyribose, phosphate and nitrogenous bases

A  pyrimids

B  dinosaurs

C  humans from a biological perspective

D  humans from a cultural perspective only.

A  gene flow.

B  gene migration.

C  admixture.

D  genetic drift.

A  Replication and polymerase immersion

B  Replication and DNA construction

C  Replication and protein synthesis

D  Translation and transcription

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Both alleles have an equal probability of being passed down to the offspring.

B  When both alleles are present none of them will be passed down to the next generation

C  The recessive allele is more likely to be passed down.

D  The dominant allele is more likely to be passed down.

A  No since all traits are only controlled by one gene with two alleles.

B  No since different genes will exert varying degrees of influence on the trait

C  Yes since all genes having to do with a trait always have the exact same influence on a trait.

D  None of the other responses are satisfactory answers.

A  all species are fixed

B  none of the answers are satisfactory

C  organisms transform and pass these transformations on to their offspring

D  within a population, some variations are favored by environmental conditions and others are not

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  determined by one gene with multiple alleles

B  determined by more than one gene

C  determined by one gene

A  did not inherit characteristics from their parents but acquired them through interaction with their environment.

B  would inherit characteristics that were acquired during their parents’ lifetimes.

C  would be composed of an even blend of their parents’ characteristics.

D  changed genetically from their parents through the accumulation of random genetic mutations.

A  diploid and haploid numbers

B  nucleotide sequences

C  chromosome number

D  epigenes

A  recessive

B  dominant

C  phenotypic

D  structural

A  control the development of language in humans.

B  function only in fruit flies.

C  appear to function in similar ways across diverse groups of organisms.

D  control which amino acids get plugged into polypeptide chains.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  mentally manipulated

B  controlled by a single gene

C  controlled by multiple genes

D  greatly manipulated by social factors

A  A hypothesis explains observations and cannot be refuted by new evidence.

B  A theory is an explanation based upon controversial facts.

C  A theory is an explanation that has been carefully examined and tested.

D  A theory has been less thoroughly tested than a hypothesis.

A  have their own unique phenotypes and are geographically isolated from one another, but are capable of successful interbreeding.

B  may share the same geographic area but are so phenotypically different that they never attempt to reproduce.

C  have their own unique phenotypes and are geographically isolated from one another, but if they do happen to encounter one another, they are still capable of interbreeding although their offspring are infertile.

D  are geographically isolated from one another, look alike, but are not capable of successful interbreeding.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  merely increased variation within populations.

B  created new species.

C  were rare and unlikely to occur.

D  resulted in new phenotype characteristics.

A  can never be expressed in the phenotype.

B  can always be determined from the phenotype.

C  is expressed in the phenotype alongside a dominant allele.

D  can be masked in the phenotype.

A  DNA was the molecule carrying the genetic code.

B  peas were a poor choice for understanding basic hereditary principles.

C  traits are passed on from parent to offspring as discrete units.

D  traits inherited from each parent blended together in the offspring.

A  Being the same makes everybody stronger since they are pure blooded and as a result are more likely to survive.

B  A disease that kills one individual is likely to kill everybody else.

C  Diseases typically attack individuals and not populations.

D  Natural selection does not deal with diseases and as a result this scenario is not possible.

A  gene flow, mutations, chromosomes, and genes.

B  natural selection, gene flow, genetic drift, and mutations.

C  mutations, genes, and genetic drift.

D  natural selection, genes, alleles, and chromosomes.

A  genes.

B  chains of amino acids.

C  your mind

D  ribosomes

A  heterozygous genes

B  gene variants

C  homozygous genes

D  locus

A  21,000 genes

B  3 billion genes

C  30,000 genes

D  100,000 genes

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  the Y chromosome is present in males only.

B  sperm are more powerful than eggs.

C  the X chromosome determines sex.

D  the X chromosome originates only from females.

A  the entirety of an individual organism’s genome

B  the entire collection of genetic material in a breeding community that can be passed on from one generation to the next

C  pools of water that attract organisms and encourage mating

D  the observable traits that are produced by a genotype

A  tRNA

B  sodium

C  DNA

D  mitochondria

A  polygenic inheritance

B  codominance

C  recessive traits

D  Mendelian inheritance