Exam 4

A  Compound retina

B  Lateral vision

C  Secondary retina

D  Tubular eyes

A  the lumination would be too bright

B  it is energetically expensive

C  there is no sunlight and no silhouettes

D  predators are above, not below

A  anoxic, salinity

B  hypoxic, food supply

C  hyperoxic, temperature

D  hypoxic, vertical migration

A  Archaea

B  Cyanobacteria

C  Bacteria

D  Viruses

A  migrations

B  cold water

C  upwelling

D  warm water

A  high, medium

B  low, medium

C  low, high

D  medium, high

A  a layer of predators that scatters migrating organisms, as they attempt to prey on them

B  best known from eclipses, when the layer moves to greater depth

C  a sound scattering layer (or layers) of organisms that often vertically migrates

D  a mysterious sound producing layer at depth

E  layer of particles that scatters light at depth

A  marine snow

B  bacteria-like (prokaryotic) organisms

C  basically normal invertebrates, but ones that grow rapidly due to the warmth of the environment

D  the rain of detritus

E  non-photosynthetic algae (eukaryotes) that use the unusual salt mixtures of the vents as food to increase their biomass

A  hot water pouring up from the deep-sea floor

B  ‘chimneys’ made from minerals, some over 40 feet high

C  seawater with so many minerals that it looks black

D  volcanic activity nearby

E  all of the above

A  Provide nesting or resting areas to many seabirds

B  All of the choices are true

C  Are among the most productive of all marine ecosystems 

D  Directly or indirectly provide food to many species

E  Provide habitats to many species

A  Photosynthetic bacteria

B  Parasitic bacteria

C  Chemosynthetic bacteria

D  Mixotrophic bacteria

E  Heterotrophic bacteria

A  Krill and other shellfish

B  Species caught for industrial purposes

C  Non-targeted organisms caught while fishing for other species     

D  Farm raised fish

E  Species caught as part of traditional fisheries

A  Chemosynthetic

B  Heterotrophic

C  Photosynthetic 

D  Symbiotic 

E  Parasitic

A  Needle-like teeth

B  Large size

C  Generalized diet

D  Extensible jaws

E  Large mouths

A  17%

B  10%

C  1.00%

D  0.50%

E  25%

A  Pelicans

B  Cormorants

C  Common gulls

D  Frigate Birds

E  Great Blue Herons