Exam 4

A  Tubular eyes

B  Compound retina

C  Lateral vision

D  Secondary retina

A  there is no sunlight and no silhouettes

B  it is energetically expensive

C  the lumination would be too bright

D  predators are above, not below

A  hypoxic, food supply

B  hypoxic, vertical migration

C  hyperoxic, temperature

D  anoxic, salinity

A  Archaea

B  Viruses

C  Cyanobacteria

D  Bacteria

A  warm water

B  cold water

C  migrations

D  upwelling

A  medium, high

B  low, high

C  low, medium

D  high, medium

A  a sound scattering layer (or layers) of organisms that often vertically migrates

B  best known from eclipses, when the layer moves to greater depth

C  a layer of predators that scatters migrating organisms, as they attempt to prey on them

D  layer of particles that scatters light at depth

E  a mysterious sound producing layer at depth

A  bacteria-like (prokaryotic) organisms

B  the rain of detritus

C  marine snow

D  basically normal invertebrates, but ones that grow rapidly due to the warmth of the environment

E  non-photosynthetic algae (eukaryotes) that use the unusual salt mixtures of the vents as food to increase their biomass

A  volcanic activity nearby

B  ‘chimneys’ made from minerals, some over 40 feet high

C  seawater with so many minerals that it looks black

D  hot water pouring up from the deep-sea floor

E  all of the above

A  Are among the most productive of all marine ecosystems 

B  All of the choices are true

C  Directly or indirectly provide food to many species

D  Provide nesting or resting areas to many seabirds

E  Provide habitats to many species

A  Heterotrophic bacteria

B  Mixotrophic bacteria

C  Parasitic bacteria

D  Chemosynthetic bacteria

E  Photosynthetic bacteria

A  Farm raised fish

B  Species caught as part of traditional fisheries

C  Species caught for industrial purposes

D  Krill and other shellfish

E  Non-targeted organisms caught while fishing for other species     

A  Parasitic

B  Symbiotic 

C  Chemosynthetic

D  Heterotrophic

E  Photosynthetic 

A  Needle-like teeth

B  Generalized diet

C  Extensible jaws

D  Large size

E  Large mouths

A  10%

B  0.50%

C  17%

D  25%

E  1.00%

A  Great Blue Herons

B  Common gulls

C  Pelicans

D  Frigate Birds

E  Cormorants