Test 2

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Question #1

Insects, and other animals without backbones, are classified as Vertebrates.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #2

Genetic mutations never provide any good traits or benefits for individuals
that wind up with them.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #3

An individual has an autosomal recessive disease when:

A they are homozygous for a recessive, disease-causing allele

B they are heterozygous for a dominant, disease-causing allele

C they are homozygous for a dominant, disease-causing allele

D none of the above

Question #4

Dihybrid cross-experiments were essential to:

A Mendel’s law of segregation

B discovering the nature of dominant and recessive alleles

C discovering the particulate nature of inheritance in general

D Mendel’s law of independent assortment

Question #5

It is likely that every individual carries a mutation in some gene.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #6

The term genotype can best be defined as:

A the alleles that an individual has inherited from their parents

B the physical expression of an individual’s genes

C an individual’s gametes

D the total number of genes for a species

Question #7

Most human traits are the result of the actions of multiple genes, and are
described as:

A pleiotropic

B monogenic

C genotypic

D polygenic

E none of the above

Question #8

An individual’s physical features, or the way their genetic make-up is
expressed, is known as:

A dominance

B allele

C phenotype

D genotype

Question #9

Mendel’s discoveries disproved the blending theory of inheritance (= the
mixing of genetic material from both parents).

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #10

Select the answer that best completes this sentence: The smaller the
population…

A the lesser the potential effect of genetic drift on the frequency of genes within
that population

B the greater the potential effect of gene flow on the frequency of genes within
that population

C the greater the potential effect of genetic drift on the frequency of genes within
that population

D the lesser the potential effect of gene flow on the frequency of genes within
that population

Question #11

Which one of the following does NOT relate to sexual selection?

A it has resulted in sexual dimorphism in many animal species

B it involves non-random mating

C it’s largely the result of female choice

D it’s primarily driven by males selecting the most desirable females

E it acts on only one of the sexes

Question #12

Identify the example of genetic bottleneck:

A a large gene pool experiences a rapid decrease in size and then increases in
size again over time

B a small population (or gene pool) becomes separated from the “parent”
population (or gene pool)

C a large diverse population is separated into two distinct gene pools

D a large gene pool experiences an increase in size and continues getter larger
over time

Question #13

Hemophilia is X-linked, recessive. If you were a genetics counselor, and a
man with the disease and a woman who was neither a Hemophiliac nor a
carrier wanted to find out if it was possible for them to have a child with the
disease, what would you tell them?

A all of their children will have Hemophilia

B all of their sons will have the disease

C none of their children will have the disease, but all of their daughters will be
carriers

D all of their daughters will have the disease

Question #14

Mendel discovered that yellow seed color in pea plants is dominant to green.
What offspring genotype probabilities are expected for a cross between a
plant that produces yellow seeds (heterozygous genotype) and one that
produces green seeds? (This is an autosomal trait).

A 100% heterozygous

B 50% homozygous dominant, 50% heterozygous

C 25% homozygous dominant, 50% heterozygous, 25% homozygous recessive

D 50% heterozygous, 50% homozygous recessive

Question #15

Humans are mammals.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #16

A species’ ___________ characteristics are what distinguishes it from other
related species.

A evolved

B shared

C phenotypic

D derived

Question #17

Mammals have which of the following characteristics?

A give birth to fully formed young

B hair/fur for insulation

C “warm-blooded”

D mammary glands

E all of the above

Question #18

A cladogram is similar to a family tree but it doesn’t display an evolutionary
timeline.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #19

The lack of hindlimbs in today’s whales (as compared to the limbs of extinct
whale species) is an example of a(n) ____________ trait.

A ancestral

B derived

Question #20

Which one of the following does NOT describe speciation?

A one or more species are formed as a result of reproductive isolation

B it’s included in the concept macroevolution

C it’s not part of the evolutionary process

D it refers to the evolution of new species

Question #21

The canine teeth of the extinct Saber-toothed cat and today’s cats (e.g.
tigers, lions) were inherited from a common ancestral species. This is an
example of a(n) _______________ trait.

A parallel

B homologous

C convergent

D speciated

E analogous

Question #22

Habitat isolation, in which two different species occupy different habitats (e.g.
one lives in the forest canopy, while the other lives among the vines of a rain
forest) is an example of a(n):

A reproductive isolating mechanism

B speciation event

C adaptive radiation

D macroevolution

Question #23

Paleontologists, like those featured in the “Great Transformations” video,
recognize that whales evolved from:

A land mammals

B large, flightless birds

C fish

D reptiles

Question #24

As explained in the “Great Transformations” video, which one of the following
hypotheses, explaining tetrapod evolution, is most widely accepted today?

A limbs evolved after some species had already adapted to living on land

B the first tetrapods evolved from aquatic insects

C the first tetrapods had wings, which allowed them to adapt to life outside of
water

D limbs evolved in the water, allowing some tetrapods to adapt to life on land

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