Exam 2

A  brainwashing

B  mental programming

C  group polarization

D  groupthink

A  Most people conform to social norms, even when told to deviate from them by persons in authority.

B  Group conformity is the most important social relationship people seek to achieve.

C  A substantial number of people will inflict pain on others if ordered to do so by a person in a position of authority.

D  Individualism is among the most cherished personal qualities one can possess.

A  democratic leader

B  dictatorial leader

C  laissez-faire leader

D  authoritative leader

A  formal control

B  inner control

C  pushes

D  pulls

A  intelligence theory: low intelligence leads to deviant and criminal behavior

B  social learning theory: we learn deviance from our peers

C  body type theory: people with muscular bodies are prone to be criminals

D  XYY” theory: the extra Y chromosome in males causes criminal behavior

A  Officer Friel is guilty of breaking the law.

B  Officer Friel is violating police ethics.

C  Officer Friel is employing police discretion.

D  Officer Friel is using reverse psychology on Mark.

A  They are all rebels

B  They are all ritualists.

C  They are all retreatists.

D  They are all conformists.

A  In situations where there is a strong police presence.

B  When they are applied to members of the middle or upper classes

C  In the presence of strong attachments, commitments, and involvement with other members of society.

D  When we fear punishment from authorities such as parents or the court system.

A  a bank teller robbing the First National bank

B  a police officer taking $100 to refrain from writing a speeding ticket

C  a businessperson classifying parking tickets as job hunting expenses on an income tax return

D  an executive writing off the corporation’s million-dollar fine as investment capital

A  the need for absolute standards in defining deviance

B  the need for social sanctions

C  the cultural relativity of deviance

D  nonconforming behavior

A  a ritualist

B  a conformist

C  a rebel

D  an innovator

A  They are concentrated in urban areas with a population over 25,000.

B  They are from families that have a history of being involved in crime.

C  They are common in families living in poverty.

D  They come from regions populated by large numbers of minorities

A  anthropology

B  psychology

C  sociobiology

D  sociology

A  Most criminals do not have XYY and everyone with XYY is not a criminal.

B  The work of the theorist who proposed the theory was plagiarized.

C  It was discovered there are no longer any XYY chromosome configurations among men.

D  The theory only explains deviant and criminal behavior among females.

A  Deviance is analogous to mental illness

B  It is not the act itself, but the reaction of others to the act that makes it deviant.

C  The nature of one’s behavior is the most important aspect in determining deviance.

D  Deviance is most related to functionalism because it creates a dysfunction for society.

A  reference group

B  out-group

C  in-group

D  primary group

A  Division of labor

B  impersonality

C  hierarchy of authority

D  technical qualifications

A  voluntary association

B  nonprofit organization

C  bureaucracy

D  oligarchy

A  functionalist

B  structuralist

C  interactionist

D  conflict

A  to emphasize the qualities that will lead to a worker’s success

B  to stimulate an understanding of cultural differences

C  to increase company profits and competitiveness

D  to professionally develop staff

A  Operating on-site daycare reduces employee absenteeism, improves production, and increases staff morale.

B  The results of the research are inconclusive.

C  Because of the large number of employees using them, daycare facilities are too expensive to operate.

D  Daycare facilities are ineffective because they are used by only a few employees

A  They are all primary groups.

B  They all bring people into the political mainstream.

C  They all offer people an identity.

D  They all generate social change.

A  humanize the work setting to develop employee potential

B  alienate the “deadbeats” in the corporation

C  increase profits by downsizing

D  increase the number of employees

A  the Thomas theorem

B  goal displacement

C  bureaucratic ritualism

D  the Peter principle

A  primary groups

B  social capital

C  secondary groups

D  social networks

A  hierarchy of authority

B  impersonality

C  technical qualifications

D  technical qualifications

A  the belief that heaven was a myth and there was no hereafter

B  the belief that man was naturally sinful

C  the belief that money is the root of all evil

D  the belief that people were destined before birth for either heaven or hell

A  democratic leader

B  expressive leader

C  authoritarian leader

D  laissez-faire leader

A  Group members feel more strongly bonded to each other.

B  Groups tend to develop a more formal social structure.

C  Members tend to form more informal relationships.

D  Group members become more active in the decision-making process.

A  Leisure time activities are the primary product of the society.

B  High-efficiency production of food and fiber products is most prevalent.

C  The production of durable goods such as automobiles, refrigerators, and washing machines is the emphasis.

D  The transmission and use of information services dominates the work force.

A  They would probably deny privileges and “ground” the child.

B  They would offer verbal encouragement.

C  They would rely on reasoning with the child.

D  They would probably use physical punishment

A  a manifest dysfunction of education

B  a latent dysfunction of U.S. education

C  a part of the hidden curriculum in U.S. schools

D  a manifest function of education

A  The self-concept begins when a child is able to reason and concludes at about age 18.

B  The self-concept begins at birth and continues as a life-long process until death.

C  The self-concept begins prior to conception and concludes at birth.

D  The self-concept begins at birth and concludes by age 5 or 6.

A  The father’s genetic influence is greater than the mother’s as a determinant of behavior.

B  Behavior is the result of genetic influences.

C  Identical twins will always exhibit similar behavior because their gene complement is identical.

D  Environment has a significant influence on behavior, regardless of gene complement.

A  a way to confuse children about their sexuality

B  the creation of a new stereotype of women as symbolic males

C  an example of pornography

D  a way to motivate young women to play video games

A  biological makeup

B  basic intelligence

C  strict discipline

D  intimate early social interaction

A  the influence of positive peers

B  the ability to take the role of another

C  a well-developed id

D  an average or above-average IQ

A  Sociologists argue that Freud failed to study a wide range of subjects before developing his theory.

B  Sociologists disagree on the influence of the super ego as a balancing force of behavior.

C  Sociologists reject the notion that personality develops in stages.

D  Sociologists object to the view that inborn and subconscious motivations are the primary reasons for human behavior.

A  As the number of hours in day care increased, the bond was weaker between mother and child.

B  As the number of hours in day care increased, the bond was stronger between mother and child

C  The mother-child bond was based on the social class of the mother and not the hours the child spent in day care.

D  There was no relationship between mother-child bond and the hours a child spent in day care.

A  buy him his own car and hold him to a higher standard of responsibility

B  call the police and have their son arrested to impress upon him the error of his ways

C  physically punish their son using a culturally approved method

D  suspend Frank’s driving privileges for a month and discuss with Frank the dangers of drinking and driving