Chapter 1 Quiz

A  The same group of participants repeatedly at different ages

B  Groups of participants differencing in age at the same point in time 

C  Participants over the same ages but in different years

D  Participants of the same age at the same point in time

A  The same grow

B  Group of participants repeatedly at different ages

C  Participants over the same ages but in different years

D  Groups of participants differing in age at the same point in time 

A  Sequential 

B  Cross-sectional 

C  Longitudinal 

D  Correlational

A  Biased sampling 

B  Practice effects 

C  Cohort effects

D  Random assignment 

A  Longitudinal 

B  Cross- sectional 

C  Correctional

D   Sequential 

A  Experimental 

B  Longitudinal 

C  Correlational

D  Cross-sectional 

A  Researchers study participants of the same age at the same point in time

B  Researchers study participants over the same ages but in different years

C  Researchers study groups of participants differing in age at the same point in time

D  Participants are studied repeatedly, and changes are noted as they get older

A  Systematic 

B  Correlational

C  Random

D  Sequential

A  Control group

B  Independent variable 

C  Dependent variable 

D  Correlation coefficient 

A  Observational 

B  Correlational 

C  Structural 

D  Experimental

A  The death of a spouse is related to a decline in the surviving partners health 

B  A third variable, such as memory loss, causes a surviving partners decline in physical heath

C  A decline in a surviving partners physical health can cause the death of a spouse

D  The death of a spouse causes a decline in the surviving partners health

A  Investigators cannot infer cause and effect

B  Age-related changes may be distorted 

C  Researchers randomly assign participants and manipulate their experiences 

D  Researchers cannot replicate the studies 

A  Observational 

B  Variable

C  Correlational 

D  Experimental 

A  Observational, correlational 

B  Variable, observational 

C  Correlational, experimental 

D  Observational, experimental

A   The fastest growing sector of the U.S. youth population 

B  More likely than their age mates to miss school due to illness

C  More likely that their age mates to have early sex

D  More likely than their age mates to commit delinquent and violent acts

A  Clinical interview 

B  Structured interview

C  Naturalistic observation

D  Clinical interview 

A  Only yes/no, multiple choice, and true/false questions

B  A different set of questions for each participant

C  Questions in a large group of participants

D  The same set of questions in the same way to each research participant 

A  May not result in accurate reporting of information 

B  Does not reveal depth of information

C  Only provides a small amount of information

D  Does not reflect the way participants think in everyday life

A  Can provide a large amount of information in a fairly brief period

B  Allows researchers to see the behavior of interest as it occurs in natural setting

C  Makes comparing individuals’ responses very easy 

D  Is directed toward understanding a culture or distinct social group 

A  Self-report

B  Naturalistic observation

C  Naturalistic observation

D  Structured observation

A  It does not reflect the way participants actually behave in everyday life

B  it tells more about the participants’ reasoning and motivation than it does about their typical behavior 

C  It may not result in accurate reporting of information 

D  Not all participants have the same opportunity to display a particular behavior in everyday life

A  Yields richly detailed narratives that offer valuable insight into the many factors that affect development 

B  Permits participants to display their thoughts in terms that are so close as possible to the way they think in everyday life

C  Allows researchers to see directly the behavior of interest as it occurs in everyday setting 

D  Is useful for studying behaviors that investigators rarely have an opportunity to see in everyday life.

A  Asks each participant the same set of questions in the same way

B  Uses a flexible, conversational style to probe for the participants point of view 

C  Sets up a laboratory situation that evokes the behavior of interest

D  Goes into the field and records the behavior of interest 

A  Research methods

B  Hypothesis

C  Research designs 

D  Theories

A  Psychosexual 

B  Behaviorism 

C  Psychosocial

D  Cognitive- Developmental

A  Its use of a wide variety of research methods

B  the clarity of the concept of ego functioning

C  its emphasis on understanding the individuals unique life history

D  the ease of empirically testing its ideas

A  viewed children as taking a more active role in their own development 

B  Pointed out the normal development must be understood in relation to each culture’s life situation

C  Minimized the role of culture in individual development 

D  Primarily focused on the importance of early life experiences

A  Was the first to stress the influence of the early parent-child relationship on development

B  Applied in all cultures 

C  Was eventually criticized because it underemphasized the influence of sexual feelings in development

D  Ignored personality development

A  By carefully observing his own children

B  By conducting studies of animal behavior 

C  On the basis of his adult patients’ memories of painful childhood events 

D  On the basis of interviews with institutionalized children and adolescents 

A  Confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations 

B  Actively explore the environment

C  Acquire increasingly complex information-processing skills

D  model the behavior of parents and other caregivers 

A  Conduction child observations and parent interviews

B  Constructing the first successfully intelligence test

C  Writing the first parenting books 

D   Launching the normative approach

A  Genetic

B  Normative

C  Nonnormative

D  Psychometric

A  Inspired Charles Darwin’s research 

B  Regarded development as a maturational process

C  Were the forefathers of psychoanalytic theory

D  Constructed the first standardized intelligence test

A  Benjamin Spock

B  G. Stanley Hall

C  Arnold Gesell

D  Charles Darwin

A  Psychoanalytic theory

B  Theory of evolution

C   Normative approach 

D  Psychosocial theory

A  Are typical or average

B  Include age-graded and history-graded influences

C  Affect large numbers of people in a similar way

D  Do not follow a predictable timetable

A  The search for personal meaning, self-expression, and social responsibility 

B  Marriage at an early age and a focus on family responsibilities 

C  Political aspirations, financial wealth and personal achievements

D  Vocational success over family obligations

A  History-graded influences are normative

B  History- graded influences are fairly predictable as to when they occur

C  Age-graded influences become more powerful with age

D  Age-graded influences become more powerful with age

A  Ana, a child who has no strong bond with an adult

B  Jack, a highly intelligent athlete

C  Jaynie, a shy, emotionally reactive child

D  Ari, a temperamental artist

A  Plasticity 

B  Assimilation 

C  Stamina

D  Resilience 

A  No single age range period

B  Early childhood

C  The parental period 

D  Adolescence 

A  Multidirectional and multidimensional

B  Static and stable

C  Largely the result of heredity

D  Continuous, rather than discontinuous 

A  Having substantial plasticity 

B  Mostly stable

C  Driven by early life experiences

D  Mostly influenced by heredity

A  Stability 

B  Nurture

C  Nature

D  Stages

A  Nature

B  Nurture 

C  Early experiences

D  Stages

A  Stability- Plasticity

B  Nature-nurture 

C  Social-cognitive

D  Continous- discontinuous

A  Continuous 

B  Nurture

C  Discontinuous 

D  Nature

A  Investigators from a variety of fields collaborate on research projects

B  It deals with answering questions about development throughout the lifespan

C  Findings are used for practical purposes to improve people’s lives 

D  It is motivated largely by scientific curiosity 

A  Those factors that lead to abnormal development in children and adolescents 

B  Genetic factors that contribute to longevity

C  Genetic factors that contribute to longevity

D  Those factors that influence consistencies and transformations in people from conception to death.