Chapter 1 Quiz

A  Participants of the same age at the same point in time

B  Participants over the same ages but in different years

C  Groups of participants differencing in age at the same point in time 

D  The same group of participants repeatedly at different ages

A  Group of participants repeatedly at different ages

B  The same grow

C  Participants over the same ages but in different years

D  Groups of participants differing in age at the same point in time 

A  Longitudinal 

B  Cross-sectional 

C  Sequential 

D  Correlational

A  Random assignment 

B  Practice effects 

C  Cohort effects

D  Biased sampling 

A  Cross- sectional 

B  Correctional

C  Longitudinal 

D   Sequential 

A  Longitudinal 

B  Experimental 

C  Correlational

D  Cross-sectional 

A  Researchers study groups of participants differing in age at the same point in time

B  Researchers study participants over the same ages but in different years

C  Researchers study participants of the same age at the same point in time

D  Participants are studied repeatedly, and changes are noted as they get older

A  Sequential

B  Systematic 

C  Random

D  Correlational

A  Independent variable 

B  Dependent variable 

C  Correlation coefficient 

D  Control group

A  Observational 

B  Structural 

C  Experimental

D  Correlational 

A  A decline in a surviving partners physical health can cause the death of a spouse

B  The death of a spouse is related to a decline in the surviving partners health 

C  A third variable, such as memory loss, causes a surviving partners decline in physical heath

D  The death of a spouse causes a decline in the surviving partners health

A  Investigators cannot infer cause and effect

B  Age-related changes may be distorted 

C  Researchers randomly assign participants and manipulate their experiences 

D  Researchers cannot replicate the studies 

A  Observational 

B  Variable

C  Correlational 

D  Experimental 

A  Variable, observational 

B  Correlational, experimental 

C  Observational, experimental

D  Observational, correlational 

A   The fastest growing sector of the U.S. youth population 

B  More likely than their age mates to miss school due to illness

C  More likely than their age mates to commit delinquent and violent acts

D  More likely that their age mates to have early sex

A  Naturalistic observation

B  Structured interview

C  Clinical interview 

D  Clinical interview 

A  Questions in a large group of participants

B  A different set of questions for each participant

C  Only yes/no, multiple choice, and true/false questions

D  The same set of questions in the same way to each research participant 

A  Does not reflect the way participants think in everyday life

B  May not result in accurate reporting of information 

C  Does not reveal depth of information

D  Only provides a small amount of information

A  Allows researchers to see the behavior of interest as it occurs in natural setting

B  Is directed toward understanding a culture or distinct social group 

C  Makes comparing individuals’ responses very easy 

D  Can provide a large amount of information in a fairly brief period

A  Structured observation

B  Naturalistic observation

C  Naturalistic observation

D  Self-report

A  Not all participants have the same opportunity to display a particular behavior in everyday life

B  It may not result in accurate reporting of information 

C  it tells more about the participants’ reasoning and motivation than it does about their typical behavior 

D  It does not reflect the way participants actually behave in everyday life

A  Permits participants to display their thoughts in terms that are so close as possible to the way they think in everyday life

B  Allows researchers to see directly the behavior of interest as it occurs in everyday setting 

C  Yields richly detailed narratives that offer valuable insight into the many factors that affect development 

D  Is useful for studying behaviors that investigators rarely have an opportunity to see in everyday life.

A  Goes into the field and records the behavior of interest 

B  Sets up a laboratory situation that evokes the behavior of interest

C  Asks each participant the same set of questions in the same way

D  Uses a flexible, conversational style to probe for the participants point of view 

A  Theories

B  Research designs 

C  Hypothesis

D  Research methods

A  Behaviorism 

B  Cognitive- Developmental

C  Psychosexual 

D  Psychosocial

A  its emphasis on understanding the individuals unique life history

B  the ease of empirically testing its ideas

C  Its use of a wide variety of research methods

D  the clarity of the concept of ego functioning

A  Pointed out the normal development must be understood in relation to each culture’s life situation

B  Primarily focused on the importance of early life experiences

C  Minimized the role of culture in individual development 

D  viewed children as taking a more active role in their own development 

A  Ignored personality development

B  Was eventually criticized because it underemphasized the influence of sexual feelings in development

C  Was the first to stress the influence of the early parent-child relationship on development

D  Applied in all cultures 

A  By carefully observing his own children

B  By conducting studies of animal behavior 

C  On the basis of his adult patients’ memories of painful childhood events 

D  On the basis of interviews with institutionalized children and adolescents 

A  Actively explore the environment

B  Acquire increasingly complex information-processing skills

C  model the behavior of parents and other caregivers 

D  Confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations 

A  Constructing the first successfully intelligence test

B  Conduction child observations and parent interviews

C  Writing the first parenting books 

D   Launching the normative approach

A  Normative

B  Psychometric

C  Nonnormative

D  Genetic

A  Inspired Charles Darwin’s research 

B  Constructed the first standardized intelligence test

C  Regarded development as a maturational process

D  Were the forefathers of psychoanalytic theory

A  Charles Darwin

B  Arnold Gesell

C  Benjamin Spock

D  G. Stanley Hall

A   Normative approach 

B  Theory of evolution

C  Psychoanalytic theory

D  Psychosocial theory

A  Affect large numbers of people in a similar way

B  Are typical or average

C  Include age-graded and history-graded influences

D  Do not follow a predictable timetable

A  Political aspirations, financial wealth and personal achievements

B  Vocational success over family obligations

C  Marriage at an early age and a focus on family responsibilities 

D  The search for personal meaning, self-expression, and social responsibility 

A  History- graded influences are fairly predictable as to when they occur

B  Age-graded influences become more powerful with age

C  History-graded influences are normative

D  Age-graded influences become more powerful with age

A  Ari, a temperamental artist

B  Jack, a highly intelligent athlete

C  Ana, a child who has no strong bond with an adult

D  Jaynie, a shy, emotionally reactive child

A  Plasticity 

B  Stamina

C  Resilience 

D  Assimilation 

A  Early childhood

B  No single age range period

C  The parental period 

D  Adolescence 

A  Continuous, rather than discontinuous 

B  Multidirectional and multidimensional

C  Largely the result of heredity

D  Static and stable

A  Mostly stable

B  Driven by early life experiences

C  Mostly influenced by heredity

D  Having substantial plasticity 

A  Nurture

B  Nature

C  Stability 

D  Stages

A  Nurture 

B  Nature

C  Early experiences

D  Stages

A  Stability- Plasticity

B  Social-cognitive

C  Nature-nurture 

D  Continous- discontinuous

A  Nurture

B  Continuous 

C  Discontinuous 

D  Nature

A  It is motivated largely by scientific curiosity 

B  Investigators from a variety of fields collaborate on research projects

C  It deals with answering questions about development throughout the lifespan

D  Findings are used for practical purposes to improve people’s lives 

A  Genetic factors that contribute to longevity

B  Those factors that lead to abnormal development in children and adolescents 

C  Genetic factors that contribute to longevity

D  Those factors that influence consistencies and transformations in people from conception to death.