Midterm Exam

A  Amino acids that are required by the body in minute quantities

B  Amino acids that cannot be synthesized by the body at all and should be taken in through the diet to meet the required amounts

C  Amino acids that are normally nonessential but must be supplied through the diet when the need for it exceeds the body’s ability to produce it

D  Amino acids that are easily synthesized by the body and are not required to be consumed through the diet

E  Amino acids that are synthesized by the body in excess quantities

A  Diet

B  Weight

C  Age

D  Gender

E  Genes

A  A 20-year-old college student

B  A 30-year-old with extensive burns

C  A 70-year-old recovering from surgery

D  A 38-year-old pregnant woman

E  A 60-year-old retiree

A  Vitamin B12

B  Serotonin

C  Vitamin C

D  Potassium

E  Vitamin A

A  The body uses excess amino acids, leading to rapid muscle growth.

B  The body starts to dismantle its tissue proteins.

C  A diet high in protein does not provide sufficient energy required to support muscle growth.

D  The excess protein causes muscle breakdown rather than building muscle tissue.

E  The body utilizes excess amino acids as fuel or stores them as fat.

A  hormones

B  enzymes

C  lipoproteins

D  antibodies

E  lysosomes

A  maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance.

B  supporting growth and maintenance.

C  transporting substances around the body.

D  building enzymes and hormones.

E  maintaining acid-base balance.

A  Protein recommendations are based strictly on age and gender.

B  Athletes build muscle only when they consume excess protein supplements.

C  Athletes may need slightly more protein than other healthy adults.

D  Dieters should take excess protein supplements to spare body proteins.

E  Infants and children need the same amount of protein as adults on a per-kilogram basis.

A  During recovery, consume extra carbohydrate but not extra protein.

B  Take amino acid supplements because they are an excellent way to provide energy to rebuild muscles.

C  Exercise regularly to promote muscle regain.

D  Take amino acid supplements because they are easier to digest than whole foods.

E  Consume whole protein as it is better handled by the digestive system and will promote recovery.

A  A 28-year-old man

B  A 8-year-old child

C  A 20-year-old woman

D  A 28-year-old woman

E  An 82-year-old man

A  The country with the lowest total fat intake had the lowest cardiovascular death rate.

B  One of the countries with the highest total fat intake had the lowest cardiovascular death rate.

C  Saturated fat had little impact on cardiovascular death rates in the two countries with the highest total fat intakes.

D  The country that consumed more than 15% of total energy from saturated fat had the lowest cardiovascular death rate.

E  The country with the lowest saturated fat intake had the highest cardiovascular death rate.

A  lipoproteins

B  sterols

C  phospholipids

D  triglycerides

E  fatty acids

A  The more carbon atoms and nitrogen atoms present in a fatty acid, the shorter the fatty acid is.

B  All fatty acids have the same chain length.

C  All fatty acids are solid at room temperature.

D  All fatty acids have only double bonds.

E  The more hydrogen atoms attached to carbon atoms, the more saturated a fatty acid is.

A  25 grams

B  45 grams

C  10 grams

D  17.5 grams

E  15 grams

A  53%

B  71%

C  42%

D  31%

E  19%

A  olives, which are high in monounsaturated fats

B  nondairy creamers, which are high in trans fats

C  walnuts, which are high in omega-6 fatty acids

D  avocados, which are high in unsaturated fats

E  flaxseed, which is high in omega-3 fatty acids

A  It is a part of every cell.

B  Vitamin D is made with cholesterol.

C  It is an essential nutrient.

D  It is a component of bile.

E  It can be made by the body.

A  arsenic

B  mercury

C  lead

D  iodine

E  iron

A  Her saturated fat intake is within the recommended range, but her percentage of calories from total fat is too low.

B  Both her percentage of calories from fat and saturated fat meet the recommendations.

C  Her fat intake is within the recommended range, but her percentage of calories from saturated fat is too high.

D  Her saturated fat intake is within the recommended range, but her percentage of calories from total fat is too high.

E  Both her percentage of calories from fat and saturated fat fall are above the recommendations.

A  Soda

B  Bananas

C  Butter

D  Ice cream

E  Skin-on chicken breasts

A  Soluble fiber binds with enzymes in the blood and is metabolized by the liver.

B  Insoluble fiber converts into bile in the large intestine and binds with cholesterol.

C  Insoluble fiber binds with cholesterol in the large intestine and is excreted in feces.

D  Soluble fiber converts dietary cholesterol into bile, which is recycled for use in the digestive process.

E  Soluble fiber binds with bile in the intestine and carries cholesterol out with feces.

A  sugar consumed in large amounts leads to obesity, even when calorie intake does not exceed calorie needs.

B  the link between sugar intake and colon cancer is weaker when total calorie intakes exceed the daily need.

C  fructose suppresses the human appetite in the same way that glucose does.

D  eating large amounts of pure sugar puts a strain on the appendix, leading to diabetes.

E  consuming sweetened soft drinks every day for a few weeks results in significant changes in blood lipids.

A  refined grains and added sugars

B  yogurt with live cultures

C  a variety of meats

D  fruits, vegetables, and grains

E  enriched processed foods

A  barley

B  oatmeal

C  chilled cooked potatoes

D  cooked dried beans

E  refined white flour

A  Lowered risk of heart and artery disease

B  Lowered risk of constipation and hemorrhoids

C  Modulated blood glucose levels

D  Lowered risk of appendicitis and complications from diverticula

E  Increased blood cholesterol levels

A  75

B  200

C  100

D  130

E  50

A  Glucose can be broken down to yield energy and carbon dioxide.

B  Inside a cell, glucose is broken in half and these two halves have two pathways open to them.

C  Body fat can be converted into glucose to feed the brain adequately.

D  Water is a by-product of splitting glucose for energy.

E  Small molecules derived from glucose can be linked to form fat molecules.

A  sugar alcohol

B  table sugar

C  fruit sugar

D  milk sugar

E  malt sugar

A  Restricting protein intake

B  Maintaining a healthy body weight

C  Increasing caffeine intake

D  Avoiding strenuous physical exercise

E  Taking insulin injections

A  they provide ketone bodies that are the preferred energy sources of the body’s cells.

B  they provide amino acids that are the preferred energy sources for body processes.

C  the glucose obtained from them is an important fuel for most of the body’s cells.

D  ketone bodies produced from proteins do not provide adequate energy for cells.

E  fats cannot provide energy for cellular processes.

A  drinks are consumed slowly.

B  the stomach is empty.

C  drinks contain less than half an ounce of alcohol. 

D  carbohydrate-rich snacks are consumed at the same time.

E  drinks are diluted with water.

A  blood pressure rises. 

B  breathing becomes slower and shallower.

C  the pupils widen. 

D  fat is released from fat cells.

E  blood glucose rises.

A  Glycogen in the liver and fat stores

B  Glycogen in the muscles and fat stores

C  Glycogen in the muscles

D  Glycogen in the liver

E  Glycogen in the muscles and liver

A  The microvilli facilitate the digestion of a large percentage of deficient nutrients.

B  The villi complete the breakdown of foods into nutrients.

C  The villi block toxins from being absorbed into the blood.

D  The microvilli absorb nutrients into the lymphatic system.

E  The microvilli trap nutrients so the villi cells can absorb them.

A  Body systems, organs, muscles, cells

B  Cells, tissues, organs, body systems

C  Organs, tissues, cells, genes 

D  Organs, tissues, muscles, cells

E  Body systems, organs, tissues, cells

A  inflammation

B  ulcerative colitis

C  obesity

D  malnutrition

E  fatty liver disease

A  Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and neurotransmitters

B  Adrenaline and insulin

C  Epinephrine and neurotransmitters

D  Epinephrine and adrenaline

E  Epinephrine and norepinephrine

A  the muscles become weak due to inactivity. 

B  nutrients may not get absorbed.  

C  the surface area of the small intestine shrinks in size.

D  the absorption rate increases due to higher nutrient demands.

E  proteins may not be available to make digestive enzymes.

A  kidneys

B  heart

C  gallbladder

D  lungs

E  liver

A  pancreas, liver, small intestine

B  liver, gall bladder, small intestine

C  pancreas, liver, stomach

D  liver, gall bladder, stomach

A  1/2 avocado, 1/2 cup yogurt, 2 tablespoons peanut butter, and 1 cup cooked spinach

B  1 cup bean salad, 1 cup cooked rice, and 1/2 cup tofu

C  A sandwich of 2 slices whole-wheat bread and 2 ounces ham, 1 boiled egg, and 1 cup vegetable juice

D  2 ounces broiled salmon and 1 cup thick tomato sauce over 1/2 cup cooked pasta

E  A sandwich of 2 slices whole-wheat bread, 4 tablespoons nut butter, and 1 tablespoon honey with salad of 1 cup raw spinach

A  Her carbohydrate intake is the only macronutrient that falls within the AMDR.

B  Her protein and carbohydrate intakes fall within the AMDR, but her fat intake is above it.

C  Her protein and fat intake fall within the AMDR, but her carbohydrate intake is below it.

D  Her protein intake is the only macronutrient that falls within the AMDR.

E  Her protein, carbohydrate and fat intake all fall within the AMDR.

A  grapes 

B  edamame and tofu

C  chocolate 

D  green tea

E  kefir

A  provides the dietary references intakes (DRI) information for comparing different products.

B  conveys information specific to the food inside the package.

C  presents the daily values for vitamin D and potassium at four calorie levels.

D  serves as a reminder of the daily values for the selected nutrients.

E  is different on every label.

A  be likely to recommend this product because of the obvious claim.

B  know that the manufacturer has done extensive research on the claim.

C  know this is an accurate statement because it was reviewed before being put on the label.

D  be aware that the FDA has done research on the manufacturer’s claim.

E  be suspicious because this is a structure-function claim requiring no advance approval.

A  disease prevention in both healthy and unhealthy individuals.

B  health maintenance and disease prevention in healthy people.

C  reversal of nutrient deficiencies.

D  restoration of health in malnourished individuals.

E  health maintenance and promotion of healing after injury.

A  Avocado

B  Quinoa

C  Olives

D  Oysters

E  Popcorn

A  1,000

B  3,000

C  1,500

D  2,000

E  3,500

A  25% more fiber than other breads

B  at least 20% of the DV for fiber 

C  at least 2 grams of fiber

D  at least 5 grams of fiber

E  2.5 to 4.9 grams of fiber

A  follow a diet rich in dairy products.

B  follow a diet that includes only green vegetables.

C  eat only unprocessed foods.

D  limit the consumption of foods from the grains group.

E  choose foods with a high nutrient density from each food group.

A  emotional comfort

B  economy

C  availability

D  cultural tradition

E  social pressure

A  Iron 

B  Protein

C  Cobalt

D  Calcium 

E  Nitrogen

A  Avoiding changes in daily routine and specific behavior

B  Admitting that change is needed and weighing the pros and cons of changing

C  Striving to integrate the new behavior into daily life and striving to make it permanent

D  Concentrating mainly on the strengths of the current eating pattern

E  Committing time and energy to make changes in behavior

A  Carbohydrates

B  Fats

C  Protein

D  Minerals

E  Water

A  Faster wound healing

B  Decreased bone density

C  Improved mental functioning

D  Reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases

E  Increased lean body tissue

A  protein

B  water

C  fiber

D  carbohydrate

E  fat

A  epidemiological study

B  intervention study

C  case study

D  blind experiment

E  laboratory study

A  58%

B  52%

C  48%

D  37%

E  21%

A  A double-blind study

B  A case study

C  An intervention study

D  A laboratory study

E  An epidemiological study

A  organic

B  medical

C  whole

D  natural

E  processed