Midterm Exam

A  Amino acids that cannot be synthesized by the body at all and should be taken in through the diet to meet the required amounts

B  Amino acids that are required by the body in minute quantities

C  Amino acids that are synthesized by the body in excess quantities

D  Amino acids that are easily synthesized by the body and are not required to be consumed through the diet

E  Amino acids that are normally nonessential but must be supplied through the diet when the need for it exceeds the body’s ability to produce it

A  Diet

B  Genes

C  Age

D  Weight

E  Gender

A  A 70-year-old recovering from surgery

B  A 60-year-old retiree

C  A 38-year-old pregnant woman

D  A 20-year-old college student

E  A 30-year-old with extensive burns

A  Vitamin B12

B  Vitamin C

C  Potassium

D  Serotonin

E  Vitamin A

A  The excess protein causes muscle breakdown rather than building muscle tissue.

B  The body starts to dismantle its tissue proteins.

C  The body utilizes excess amino acids as fuel or stores them as fat.

D  The body uses excess amino acids, leading to rapid muscle growth.

E  A diet high in protein does not provide sufficient energy required to support muscle growth.

A  antibodies

B  hormones

C  lipoproteins

D  enzymes

E  lysosomes

A  transporting substances around the body.

B  building enzymes and hormones.

C  supporting growth and maintenance.

D  maintaining acid-base balance.

E  maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance.

A  Infants and children need the same amount of protein as adults on a per-kilogram basis.

B  Protein recommendations are based strictly on age and gender.

C  Athletes may need slightly more protein than other healthy adults.

D  Dieters should take excess protein supplements to spare body proteins.

E  Athletes build muscle only when they consume excess protein supplements.

A  During recovery, consume extra carbohydrate but not extra protein.

B  Consume whole protein as it is better handled by the digestive system and will promote recovery.

C  Exercise regularly to promote muscle regain.

D  Take amino acid supplements because they are an excellent way to provide energy to rebuild muscles.

E  Take amino acid supplements because they are easier to digest than whole foods.

A  A 20-year-old woman

B  A 28-year-old man

C  An 82-year-old man

D  A 28-year-old woman

E  A 8-year-old child

A  One of the countries with the highest total fat intake had the lowest cardiovascular death rate.

B  Saturated fat had little impact on cardiovascular death rates in the two countries with the highest total fat intakes.

C  The country with the lowest total fat intake had the lowest cardiovascular death rate.

D  The country that consumed more than 15% of total energy from saturated fat had the lowest cardiovascular death rate.

E  The country with the lowest saturated fat intake had the highest cardiovascular death rate.

A  fatty acids

B  phospholipids

C  triglycerides

D  lipoproteins

E  sterols

A  All fatty acids have only double bonds.

B  All fatty acids are solid at room temperature.

C  The more carbon atoms and nitrogen atoms present in a fatty acid, the shorter the fatty acid is.

D  The more hydrogen atoms attached to carbon atoms, the more saturated a fatty acid is.

E  All fatty acids have the same chain length.

A  17.5 grams

B  10 grams

C  15 grams

D  45 grams

E  25 grams

A  53%

B  42%

C  31%

D  19%

E  71%

A  avocados, which are high in unsaturated fats

B  walnuts, which are high in omega-6 fatty acids

C  olives, which are high in monounsaturated fats

D  flaxseed, which is high in omega-3 fatty acids

E  nondairy creamers, which are high in trans fats

A  It can be made by the body.

B  It is an essential nutrient.

C  Vitamin D is made with cholesterol.

D  It is a component of bile.

E  It is a part of every cell.

A  iron

B  arsenic

C  mercury

D  lead

E  iodine

A  Her saturated fat intake is within the recommended range, but her percentage of calories from total fat is too high.

B  Both her percentage of calories from fat and saturated fat meet the recommendations.

C  Her saturated fat intake is within the recommended range, but her percentage of calories from total fat is too low.

D  Her fat intake is within the recommended range, but her percentage of calories from saturated fat is too high.

E  Both her percentage of calories from fat and saturated fat fall are above the recommendations.

A  Butter

B  Skin-on chicken breasts

C  Bananas

D  Soda

E  Ice cream

A  Insoluble fiber binds with cholesterol in the large intestine and is excreted in feces.

B  Soluble fiber binds with enzymes in the blood and is metabolized by the liver.

C  Insoluble fiber converts into bile in the large intestine and binds with cholesterol.

D  Soluble fiber binds with bile in the intestine and carries cholesterol out with feces.

E  Soluble fiber converts dietary cholesterol into bile, which is recycled for use in the digestive process.

A  fructose suppresses the human appetite in the same way that glucose does.

B  sugar consumed in large amounts leads to obesity, even when calorie intake does not exceed calorie needs.

C  the link between sugar intake and colon cancer is weaker when total calorie intakes exceed the daily need.

D  eating large amounts of pure sugar puts a strain on the appendix, leading to diabetes.

E  consuming sweetened soft drinks every day for a few weeks results in significant changes in blood lipids.

A  yogurt with live cultures

B  a variety of meats

C  enriched processed foods

D  fruits, vegetables, and grains

E  refined grains and added sugars

A  cooked dried beans

B  barley

C  oatmeal

D  chilled cooked potatoes

E  refined white flour

A  Lowered risk of appendicitis and complications from diverticula

B  Lowered risk of heart and artery disease

C  Increased blood cholesterol levels

D  Lowered risk of constipation and hemorrhoids

E  Modulated blood glucose levels

A  200

B  75

C  50

D  130

E  100

A  Water is a by-product of splitting glucose for energy.

B  Body fat can be converted into glucose to feed the brain adequately.

C  Glucose can be broken down to yield energy and carbon dioxide.

D  Inside a cell, glucose is broken in half and these two halves have two pathways open to them.

E  Small molecules derived from glucose can be linked to form fat molecules.

A  milk sugar

B  sugar alcohol

C  malt sugar

D  table sugar

E  fruit sugar

A  Avoiding strenuous physical exercise

B  Increasing caffeine intake

C  Restricting protein intake

D  Maintaining a healthy body weight

E  Taking insulin injections

A  they provide ketone bodies that are the preferred energy sources of the body’s cells.

B  fats cannot provide energy for cellular processes.

C  they provide amino acids that are the preferred energy sources for body processes.

D  ketone bodies produced from proteins do not provide adequate energy for cells.

E  the glucose obtained from them is an important fuel for most of the body’s cells.

A  the stomach is empty.

B  drinks contain less than half an ounce of alcohol. 

C  carbohydrate-rich snacks are consumed at the same time.

D  drinks are diluted with water.

E  drinks are consumed slowly.

A  blood glucose rises.

B  the pupils widen. 

C  blood pressure rises. 

D  fat is released from fat cells.

E  breathing becomes slower and shallower.

A  Glycogen in the muscles and liver

B  Glycogen in the liver

C  Glycogen in the liver and fat stores

D  Glycogen in the muscles

E  Glycogen in the muscles and fat stores

A  The villi block toxins from being absorbed into the blood.

B  The microvilli facilitate the digestion of a large percentage of deficient nutrients.

C  The microvilli trap nutrients so the villi cells can absorb them.

D  The villi complete the breakdown of foods into nutrients.

E  The microvilli absorb nutrients into the lymphatic system.

A  Body systems, organs, tissues, cells

B  Cells, tissues, organs, body systems

C  Body systems, organs, muscles, cells

D  Organs, tissues, cells, genes 

E  Organs, tissues, muscles, cells

A  ulcerative colitis

B  fatty liver disease

C  obesity

D  inflammation

E  malnutrition

A  Epinephrine and neurotransmitters

B  Epinephrine and norepinephrine

C  Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and neurotransmitters

D  Epinephrine and adrenaline

E  Adrenaline and insulin

A  the absorption rate increases due to higher nutrient demands.

B  the muscles become weak due to inactivity. 

C  nutrients may not get absorbed.  

D  the surface area of the small intestine shrinks in size.

E  proteins may not be available to make digestive enzymes.

A  heart

B  lungs

C  liver

D  gallbladder

E  kidneys

A  pancreas, liver, small intestine

B  pancreas, liver, stomach

C  liver, gall bladder, small intestine

D  liver, gall bladder, stomach

A  2 ounces broiled salmon and 1 cup thick tomato sauce over 1/2 cup cooked pasta

B  1 cup bean salad, 1 cup cooked rice, and 1/2 cup tofu

C  1/2 avocado, 1/2 cup yogurt, 2 tablespoons peanut butter, and 1 cup cooked spinach

D  A sandwich of 2 slices whole-wheat bread, 4 tablespoons nut butter, and 1 tablespoon honey with salad of 1 cup raw spinach

E  A sandwich of 2 slices whole-wheat bread and 2 ounces ham, 1 boiled egg, and 1 cup vegetable juice

A  Her protein, carbohydrate and fat intake all fall within the AMDR.

B  Her carbohydrate intake is the only macronutrient that falls within the AMDR.

C  Her protein and fat intake fall within the AMDR, but her carbohydrate intake is below it.

D  Her protein intake is the only macronutrient that falls within the AMDR.

E  Her protein and carbohydrate intakes fall within the AMDR, but her fat intake is above it.

A  kefir

B  green tea

C  edamame and tofu

D  grapes 

E  chocolate 

A  serves as a reminder of the daily values for the selected nutrients.

B  conveys information specific to the food inside the package.

C  provides the dietary references intakes (DRI) information for comparing different products.

D  presents the daily values for vitamin D and potassium at four calorie levels.

E  is different on every label.

A  be likely to recommend this product because of the obvious claim.

B  be aware that the FDA has done research on the manufacturer’s claim.

C  be suspicious because this is a structure-function claim requiring no advance approval.

D  know this is an accurate statement because it was reviewed before being put on the label.

E  know that the manufacturer has done extensive research on the claim.

A  health maintenance and disease prevention in healthy people.

B  disease prevention in both healthy and unhealthy individuals.

C  reversal of nutrient deficiencies.

D  health maintenance and promotion of healing after injury.

E  restoration of health in malnourished individuals.

A  Quinoa

B  Avocado

C  Olives

D  Oysters

E  Popcorn

A  2,000

B  3,000

C  1,000

D  3,500

E  1,500

A  at least 2 grams of fiber

B  at least 5 grams of fiber

C  2.5 to 4.9 grams of fiber

D  25% more fiber than other breads

E  at least 20% of the DV for fiber 

A  eat only unprocessed foods.

B  follow a diet that includes only green vegetables.

C  limit the consumption of foods from the grains group.

D  choose foods with a high nutrient density from each food group.

E  follow a diet rich in dairy products.

A  economy

B  social pressure

C  cultural tradition

D  emotional comfort

E  availability

A  Iron 

B  Cobalt

C  Protein

D  Calcium 

E  Nitrogen

A  Striving to integrate the new behavior into daily life and striving to make it permanent

B  Committing time and energy to make changes in behavior

C  Avoiding changes in daily routine and specific behavior

D  Concentrating mainly on the strengths of the current eating pattern

E  Admitting that change is needed and weighing the pros and cons of changing

A  Protein

B  Carbohydrates

C  Minerals

D  Fats

E  Water

A  Reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases

B  Faster wound healing

C  Improved mental functioning

D  Decreased bone density

E  Increased lean body tissue

A  fat

B  fiber

C  water

D  protein

E  carbohydrate

A  laboratory study

B  intervention study

C  epidemiological study

D  case study

E  blind experiment

A  52%

B  48%

C  58%

D  37%

E  21%

A  An epidemiological study

B  A case study

C  A double-blind study

D  A laboratory study

E  An intervention study

A  natural

B  organic

C  whole

D  medical

E  processed