Lecture Midterm Exam

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Question #1

Making the inside of a cell more negative (ex: from -55mV to -70mV) is called Repolarization.

A True

B False

Question #2

In order for the ion channels to open on the sarcoplasmic reticulum, _________sensitive proteins have to be activated on the T-Tubules.

A Ion

B Mechanical

C Voltage

D Chemical

Question #3

____________ are more abundant inside of the cell.

A Potassium

B Sodium

Question #4

When ATP is hydrolyzed, cross bridges are _____________.

A Disassembled

B Assembled

Question #5

The glial cells that help in the formation of the blood-brain barrier are called Ependymal Cells.

A True

B False

Question #6

The sarcoplasmic reticulum releases __________ in order to regulate muscle contraction.

A Hydrogen

B Chloride

C Sodium

D Calcium

E Potassium

Question #7

Hyperpolarizing graded potentials cannot be added together to cause the resting membrane potential to reach threshold and thus cause an action potential.

A True

B False

Question #8

After the initial local depolarization wave of the postsynaptic membrane at the neuromuscular junction, Voltage gated sodium ion channels are activated on the sarcolemma.

A False

B True

Question #9

Making the inside of a cell more positive (ex: from -70mV to -50mV) is called Depolarization

A True

B False

Question #10

The channels that open up on the postsynaptic membrane at the neuromuscular junction allow the passage of _______________ ions.

A Potassium

B Sodium and Potassium

C Sodium

D Chloride

Question #11

The relaxation period on a myogram represents decreasing muscle tension and the reentry of chloride ions into the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

A False

B True

Question #12

When ADP and Pi are released from the myosin head, a power stroke occurs.

A True

B False

Question #13

When a muscle experiences Fatigue, the muscle is unable to respond to any further signals from the nervous system.

A False

B True

Question #14

In order for the calcium ions to leave the sarcoplasmic reticulum, mechanical gates for Ca2+ on the sarcoplasmic reticulum have to be pushed open.

A False

B True

Question #15

The cerebral spinal fluid flows through the _________when flowing from the lateral ventricles to the 3rd ventricle.

A Cerebral Aqueduct

B Central Canal

C Lateral or Median apertures

D Interventricular foramen

Question #16

In creating the Resting Membrane Potential, the leaky sodium channels make the electrical reading across the membrane a -55 mV reading.

A False

B True

Question #17

When an action potential gets to the axon terminus, ligand-gated calcium ion channels open.

A True

B False

Question #18

The glial cell in the CNS that provides myelination of axons is called a(an) Schwann Cell.

A True

B False

Question #19

When ATP is attached to the myosin head, muscle cross bridges are ___________.

A Assembled

B Disassembled

Question #20

When neurotransmitter diffuses across the synaptic cleft, the neurotransmitter activates aquaporin channels on the presynaptic membrane.

A False

B True

Question #21

An additional action potential can be initiated in the same position on the axon once the sodium channels open and the potassium channels close?

A True

B False

Question #22

Which of the following is sometimes a component of a reflex arc?

A Afferent Neuron

B Efferent Neuron

C Effector

D Interneuron

E Sensory receptor

Question #23

Cross bridges are formed between actin and myosin in smooth muscle.

A True

B False

Question #24

The structures that maintain the Resting Membrane Potential are the ________________.

A Leaky potassium Channels

B Leaky sodium Channels

C Chemically gated ion Channels

D Sodium/Potassium Pumps

Question #25

Myelin speeds up the conduction rate of the action potential.

A False

B True

Question #26

The glial cell in the PNS that provides myelination of axons is called a(an) Oligodendrocyte.

A True

B False

Question #27

The CSF exits the subarachnoid space through the arachnoid villi and then travels into the central canal.

A False

B True

Question #28

Tropomyosin regulates Troponin in skeletal muscle.

A True

B False

Question #29

The concentration of chloride ions is greater outside of the cell.

A True

B False

Question #30

The purpose of myelination is to decrease the rate of action potential propagation along the axon.

A False

B True

Question #31

The thalamus would receive sensory information from all of the following except _______.

A Vision

B Auditory

C Olfactory

D Taste

E Touch

Question #32

Neurons release _____________from the axon terminus in order to locally depolarize the postsynaptic membrane of skeletal muscles (sarcolemma).

A Epinephrine

B Glutamate

C Acetylcholine

D GABA

E Norepinephrine

Question #33

The Resting Membrane Potential is the value of the voltage across the plasma membrane where the inside of the cell is more positive and the outside of the cell is more negative.

A True

B False

Question #34

The only way an Inhibitory Post Synaptic Potential (IPSP) can be generated is to open Chloride channels.

A True

B False

Question #35

The number of motor units that need to be recruited is directly proportional to the amount or level of work the muscle needs to accomplish.

A False

B True

Question #36

____________ are more abundant outside of the cell.

A Potassium

B Sodium

Question #37

Making the inside of a cell more negative (ex: from -70mV to -90mV) is called Hyperpolarization.

A False

B True

Question #38

The CSF exits the subarachnoid space through the arachnoid villi and travels into the central canal.

A True

B False

Question #39

When skeletal muscle contracts, the distance between z lines/discs ____________.

A Decreases

B Increases

Question #40

The presence of leaky channels allow the resting cell membrane potential to be maintained.

A True

B False

Question #41

The glial cell that helps to form the blood-brain barrier is called a(an) Astrocyte.

A True

B False

Question #42

Broca’s Area is considered the sensory speech area.

A True

B False

Question #43

Actin does not require the binding of ATP in order to expose its binding sites.

A False

B True

Question #44

In creating the Resting Membrane Potential, the leaky potassium channels make the electrical reading across the membrane a -90 mV reading.

A True

B False

Question #45

Neurons have a low metabolic rate.

A False

B True

Question #46

Glycolysis uses ________molecules of ATP.

A 4

B 28

C 32

D 2

E 1

Question #47

The larger the molecule, the slower the rate of diffusion.

A False

B True

Question #48

The process of using DNA to create an RNA message is called____________________.

A Translation

B Replication

C Phosphorylation

D Transcription

Question #49

Once enzymes help speed up a reaction, the enzyme is used up and cannot be used again.

A True

B False

Question #50

Simple Diffusion is a type of facilitated transport.

A True

B False

Question #51

Having an appropriate atmospheric pressure is not a survival need of the body.

A True

B False

Question #52

The Electron Transport System alone produces approximately ________molecules of ATP.

A 1

B 2

C 28

D 8

E 3

Question #53

The concentration of solute outside of the cells drives the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

A False

B True

Question #54

If a molecule of nucleic acid has an OH at the 2nd carbon on the sugar molecule, that nucleic acid is ______.

A GNA

B CNA

C DNA

D RNA

Question #55

The movement of molecules in an Active Transport situation will require both Energy and movement of the molecules down their concentration gradient.

A False

B True

Question #56

When transferring an electron, the neutral atom that gives up an electron will become an anion.

A False

B True

Question #57

ATP is formed by bonding together three negatively charged phosphate molecules and a guanosine molecule.

A False

B True

Question #58

A solution that has mostly H+ present is thought to be _______.

A Basic

B Acidic

Question #59

The monomers for carbohydrates are________.

A Fatty Acids

B Monosaccharides

C Proteins

D Amino Acids

E Nucleotides

Question #60

H+ passes through ATP Synthase actively.

A True

B False

Question #61

The part of a negative feedback system that brings homeostasis back into balance is called the ________.

A Sensor

B Central Processor

C Efferent Pathway

D Effector

E Afferent Pathway

Question #62

The process by which Proteins are made from RNA is called __________________.

A Replication

B DNA Polymerase

C Translation

D Transcription

Question #63

Diffusion is the net movement of molecules from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration.

A False

B True

Question #64

One reason for having biological membranes is that they allow compartmentation to exist in the body

A True

B False

Question #65

Which Law of Thermodynamics involves maintaining order in a system?

A Second Law

B First Law

Question #66

The universal solvent is ______.

A Alcohol

B Water

C Acid

D Fat

E Base

Question #67

The process by which RNA is made from DNA is called ______________________.

A Translation

B RNA Polymerase

C Transcription

D Replication

E DNA Polymerase

Question #68

Osmosis is the filtration of water across a semi-permeable membrane.

A False

B True

Question #69

Negative feedback is considered to be important in maintaining homeostasis.

A False

B True

Question #70

A reaction in which the net energy contained in the bond of the products is lower than the net energy contained in the bonds of the reactants is considered _____________.

A Endergonic

B Exergonic

Question #71

Each tRNA is responsible for bringing the correct ______________ to the growing polypeptide chain.

A DNA

B tRNA

C Fatty Acid

D mRNA

E Amino Acid

Question #72

In order to begin transcription, an RNA polymerase needs to locate a special sequence on the DNA called the __________.

A Exon

B Intron

C Start codon

D Promoter

E Stop codon

Question #73

Diffusion is the net movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

A True

B False

Question #74

The study of the Structure of the human body is called:

A Anatomy

C Physiology

Question #75

NADH and FADH2 are considered low energy carrier molecules.

A False

B True

Question #76

The process by which DNA is made from DNA is called _____________________.

A DNA polymerase

B Replication

C RNA Polymerase

D Transcription

E Translation

Question #77

Homeostatic mechanisms can work through positive feedback systems.

A False

B True

Question #78

When energy is initially being used in a system, there is a tendency for disorder in that system to increase.

A True

B False

Question #79

Where in the cell does the Citric Acid Cycle/Krebs Cycle occur?

A Mitochondria

B Nucleus

C Lysosomes

D Cytosol

Question #80

The part of a negative feedback system that detects when homeostasis is out of balance is called the ________.

A Sensor

B Efferent Pathway

C Afferent Pathway

D Effector

E Central Processor

Question #81

If the sequence of bases on a strand of mRNA is UUAAGCCAAGGG, then the sequence of the bases on the strand of DNA it was transcribed from is:

A AATUCGGTTCCC

B AATTCGGTTCCC

C AAUUCGGUUCCC

D TTUUCGGUUCCC

Question #82

If living cells are placed in a hypertonic solution, water will move ___________cells and cause the cells to ___________.

A Into: swell and burst

B Out of : shrink

Question #83

Which of the following is/are necessary functions for living organisms?

A Watching television

B Being able to get rid of waste products

C Talking on a cell phone

D Zooming

Question #84

NADH and FADH2 are used to create a gradient of _________ which then diffuses through the ATP synthase pump to help create ATP.

A OH-

B H2O

C Na+

D CO2

E H+

Question #85

A/An _________bond is formed when molecules share their electrons.

A Ionic

B Covalent

Question #86

The part of a negative feedback system that processes information and makes decisions is called the ________.

A Efferent Pathway

B Central Processor

C Sensor

D Afferent pathway

E Effector

Question #87

The type of transport across the plasma membrane that requires input of energy is called Passive Transport.

A False

B True

Question #88

The monomers for Lipids are _______.

A Fatty acids

B Amino acids

C Nucleotides

D Proteins

E Monosaccharides

Question #89

Glycolysis is the process in which ________________ is broken down to pyruvic acid in order to make ATP and NADH.

A Glucose

B Fats

C Proteins

D Acetyl-CoA

Question #90

In biomolecular synthesis, monomers are linked to form polymers through ___reactions.

A Hydrolysis

B Water

C Reduction

D Dehydration

Question #91

Enzymes work by raising the activation energy required to start reactions.

A False

B True

Question #92

Homeostasis maintains __________stability.

A Internal

B External

Question #93

If living cells are placed in a hypotonic solution, water will move ___________cells and cause the cells to ___________.

A Into: swell and burst

B Out of : shrink

Question #94

Movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration is considered Active Transport.

A True

B False

Question #95

A/An _______bond is formed when molecules transfer their electrons.

A Ionic

B Covalent

Question #96

Where in the cell does the Electron Transport System occur?

A Mitochondria

B Cytosol

C Lysosomes

D Nucleus

Question #97

When transferring an electron, the neutral atom that receives an electron will become a compound.

A True

B False

Question #98

ATP is made up of three positively charged phosphate groups.

A True

B False

Question #99

Where in the cell does Glycolysis occur?

A Nucleus

B Lysosomes

C Mitochondria

D Cytosol

Question #100

What is the type of molecular transport in which molecules move “down” their concentration gradient?

A Passive

B Active and Passive

C Active

Question #101

If the sequence of bases on a strand of mRNA is UUAAGCCAAGGG, then the sequence of the amino acids would be:

A Asp-Ala-Cys-Ser

B Leu-Ser-Gln-Gly

D Gly-Gln-Cys-Thr

E Val-Ile-Pro-Arg

Question #102

As the pH of a solution increases, the concentration of H+ ____.

A Increases

B Decreases

Question #103

What contains two or more elements in a fixed ratio?

A Atom

B Trace Element

C Molecule

D Element

E Compound

Question #104

A reaction in which the net energy contained in the bond of the products is higher than the net energy contained in the bonds of the reactants is considered _____________.

A Endergonic

B Exergonic

Question #105

The Complementarity of Structure and Function says that “function follows form”.

A True

B False

Question #106

The plasma membrane of a cell is selective about which molecules can or cannot go in or out of the cell.

A True

B False

Question #107

During the elongation phase of transcription, RNA polymerase creates a DNA molecule by bringing in nucleotides that have bases complimentary to the gene sequence on the DNA molecule.

A False

B True

Question #108

Oxygen is more electronegative than Hydrogen, which is why water is a polar molecule.

A False

B True

Question #109

When we breathe we breathe in oxygen. The oxygen that we breathe in is used in the process of ATP Synthesis. Specifically, the oxygen is used as an acceptor of H+ which caused the formation of _____________ which is an end product in the process of cellular respiration.

A OH-

B H+

C Na+

D CO2

E H2O

Question #110

The rate of diffusion can be affected by Temperature.

A True

B False

Question #111

When molecules are sharing electrons in an unequal fashion, we refer to those molecules as being __________.

A Polar

B Non-Polar

Question #112

The Krebs Cycle alone produces ________molecules of ATP.

A 28

B 3

C 2

D 1

E 34

Question #113

The monomers for Proteins are ________.

A Proteins

B Nucleotides

C Fatty Acids

D Amino Acids

E Monosaccharides

Question #114

Enzymes act on other molecules called substrates at the ______________ of the enzyme.

A Doorway

B ATP Site

C Active Site

D Reaction Site

E Energy Site

Question #115

The part of a negative feedback system that carries sensory information is called the ________.

A Efferent Pathway

B Afferent Pathway

C Effector

D Sensor

E Central Processor

Question #116

Which type of molecular transport requires molecules to move against their concentration gradient?

A Active

B Active and Passive

C Passive

Question #117

Which site on the ribosome does the new tRNA go to bring in the next amino acid?

A P site

B Promoter

C Stop codon

D A site

E Start codon

Question #118

In biomolecular reduction, polymers are broken down into monomers through ___ reactions.

A Water

B Hydrolysis

C Reduction

D Dehydration

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