Lecture Exam 3

A  hypothalamus 

B  cerebellum 

C  medulla oblongata 

D  limbic system 

A  Cerebrum 

B  Cerebellum

C  Medulla oblongata

D  Pons

A  blood pressure, medulla oblongata.

B  blood pressure, pons 

C  voluntary movement, frontal lobe

D  visual reflexes, pons 

A  Red nuclei 

B  Arcuate nuclei 

C  Substantia nigra 

D  Cerebral nuclei

A  pons.

B  epithalamus.

C  hypothalamus.

D  thalamus.

A  Pineal gland 

B  Habenular nucleus

C  Anterior nucleus 

D  Mammillary body

A  sound, cerebellum

B  taste, frontal lobe

C  smell, parietal lobe

D  taste, insula 

A  vision.

B  hearing.

C  smell.

D  verbal communication.

A  cerebral gyri.

B  hypothalamus.

C  cerebral sulci.

D  corpus callosum.

A  cerebrum.

B  pons.

C  hypothalamus.

D  cerebellum.

A  microglial extensions and capillary endothelial cells.

B  astrocyte perivascular feet and capillary endothelial cells.

C  astrocyte extensions and dural sinuses.

D  ependymal cells and venous blood vessels.

A  the median aperture.

B  astrocytes.

C  arachnoid villi.

D  microglia.

A  choroid plexus.

B  arachnoid villi.

C  arachnoid granulation.

D  septum pellucidum.

A  CSF helps to promote mitosis within neuronal tissue.

B  CSF transports nutrients and chemicals to the brain.

C  CSF helps to remove waste products from the brain.

D  CSF helps to reduce the effective weight of the brain. 

A  central canal.

B  interventricular foramen.

C  mesencephalic aqueduct

D  septum pellucidum.

A  fourth

B  median 

C  lateral 

D  third 

A  Arachnoid

B  Subdural layer

C  Dura mater

D  Pia mater 

A  a, c, b

B  b, a, c

C  b, c, a

D  a, b, c

A  endoderm.

B  mesoderm.

C  ectoderm.

A  unmyelinated axons, where action potentials occur continuously down the entire axon.

B  myelinated axons, where action potentials occur only under the myelin sheath.

C  myelinated axons, where action potentials occur continuously down the entire axon.

D  myelinated axons, where action potentials occur only at neurofibril nodes.

A  neurofibril nodes.

B  myelinated regions.

A  unmyelinated, large 

B  myelinated, small

C  unmyelinated, small 

D  myelinated, large 

A  calcium and neurotransmitter diffuse into the synaptic knob.

B  calcium is released from the neuron along with neurotransmitter from synaptic vesicles.

C  calcium diffuses into the neuron and neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis.

D  calcium is pumped into the neuron and neurotransmitter diffuses out through channels.

A  Relative refractory period 

B  Absolute refractory period 

A  open state of voltage-gated potassium channels.

B  closure of voltage-gated potassium channels.

C  open state of voltage-gated sodium channels.

D  closure of chemically gated sodium channels.

A  potassium exits, depolarizing the cell to an even more negative value.

B  potassium enters, repolarizing the cell to a negative value.

C  potassium exits, repolarizing the cell to a negative value.

D  potassium enters, depolarizing the cell to a positive value.

A  postsynaptic potentials at the initial segment.

B  action potentials at the node of Ranvier.

C  excitatory neurotransmitter molecules at a receptor.

D  resting membrane potentials in a particular area of the brain.

A  EPSP, which is a depolarization.

B  IPSP, which is a hyperpolarization.

C  EPSP, which is a hyperpolarization

D  IPSP, which is a depolarization.

A  voltage-, dendrite 

B  chemically, dendrite 

C  chemically, axon

D  voltage-, axon 

A  lasts for several seconds after ion channels have opened, closed, and reset.

B  varies in size depending on the magnitude of the stimulus (larger voltage change for stronger stimulus).

C  travels the length of the nerve fiber (is long-distance).

D  is all or none (always the same intensity).

A  voltage-gated channels.

B  sodium-potassium pumps.

C  chemically gated channels.

D  mechanically gated channels.

A  0 mV.

B  more negative.

C   the same.

D  more positive.

A  inversely related to both voltage and resistance.

B  directly related to both voltage and resistance.

C  directly related to voltage and inversely related to resistance.

D  indirectly related to voltage and directly related to resistance.

A  the difference in concentration of a substance between two areas.

B  the difference in electrical charge between two areas.

C  the combination of electrical and chemical gradients between two areas.

D  the resistance a membrane has to allowing any charged chemical to pass through it.

A  voltage-gated potassium channel.

B  voltage-gated calcium channel.

C  voltage-gated sodium channel.

D  voltage-gated chloride channel.

A   transmissive

B  conductive 

C  receptive 

D   initial 

A  endosteum.

B  endoneurium.

C  perineurium.

D  epineurium.

A  dense irregular connective tissue.

B  simple squamous epithelium.

C  dense regular connective tissue.

D  areolar connective tissue.

A  is a cablelike bundle of parallel axons.

B  contains a single axon.

C  carries information only toward the PNS.

D  is found only in the CNS.

A  satellite cell.

B  ependymal cell.

C  astrocyte.

D  neurolemmocyte.

A  astrocyte.

B  microglial cell.

C  ependymal cell.

D  oligodendrocyte.

A  Transmission at chemical synapses involves a brief synaptic delay, but electrical synapses are faster.

B  Electrical synapses have a constant delay of 1 millisecond, but chemical synaptic delays vary between 0.1 and 0.3 millisecond.

C  Transmission at electrical synapses involves a brief synaptic delay, but chemical synapses are faster.

D  Transmission at both chemical and electrical synapses involves a synaptic delay of approximately 1 millisecond.

A  the presynaptic neuron’s synaptic knob into the synaptic cleft.

B  the postsynaptic neuron’s dendrites into the synaptic cleft.

C   the presynaptic neuron’s soma into synaptic vesicles.

D  the presynaptic neuron’s dendrites into the synaptic cleft.

A  astrocytes are interspersed with ependymal cells.

B  chemical synapses occur along with electrical synapses.

C  individual axons transmit both sensory and motor information.

D  some axons transmit sensory information and others transmit motor information.

A  sensory neurons.

B  interneurons.

C  bipolar neurons.

D  motor neurons.

A  At the ends of dendrites 

B  Within the cell body 

C  Along axon collaterals 

D  At the tips of telodendria 

A  several types of neurotransmitters simultaneously, that all work to prevent another immediate impulse.

B  a specific neurotransmitter that always excites its target.

C  a specific neurotransmitter that either excites or inhibits its target.

D  several types of neurotransmitters simultaneously, all of which excite the cell’s target.

A  Conducts impulses from the CNS 

B  Transmits impulses from the viscera 

C  Transmits impulses to muscles and glands 

D   Involuntary control of the heart 

A  collect information.

B  conduct impulses to muscles.

C  process information.

D  initiate responses to information.