Lecture Exam 3

A  medulla oblongata 

B  hypothalamus 

C  cerebellum 

D  limbic system 

A  Medulla oblongata

B  Pons

C  Cerebellum

D  Cerebrum 

A  blood pressure, pons 

B  blood pressure, medulla oblongata.

C  voluntary movement, frontal lobe

D  visual reflexes, pons 

A  Cerebral nuclei

B  Red nuclei 

C  Arcuate nuclei 

D  Substantia nigra 

A  hypothalamus.

B  pons.

C  thalamus.

D  epithalamus.

A  Anterior nucleus 

B  Pineal gland 

C  Habenular nucleus

D  Mammillary body

A  smell, parietal lobe

B  taste, insula 

C  taste, frontal lobe

D  sound, cerebellum

A  verbal communication.

B  hearing.

C  smell.

D  vision.

A  hypothalamus.

B  cerebral sulci.

C  corpus callosum.

D  cerebral gyri.

A  pons.

B  cerebellum.

C  hypothalamus.

D  cerebrum.

A  astrocyte extensions and dural sinuses.

B  microglial extensions and capillary endothelial cells.

C  astrocyte perivascular feet and capillary endothelial cells.

D  ependymal cells and venous blood vessels.

A  arachnoid villi.

B  the median aperture.

C  astrocytes.

D  microglia.

A  arachnoid villi.

B  septum pellucidum.

C  choroid plexus.

D  arachnoid granulation.

A  CSF helps to promote mitosis within neuronal tissue.

B  CSF helps to reduce the effective weight of the brain. 

C  CSF transports nutrients and chemicals to the brain.

D  CSF helps to remove waste products from the brain.

A  mesencephalic aqueduct

B  central canal.

C  interventricular foramen.

D  septum pellucidum.

A  median 

B  fourth

C  lateral 

D  third 

A  Arachnoid

B  Dura mater

C  Subdural layer

D  Pia mater 

A  b, a, c

B  b, c, a

C  a, c, b

D  a, b, c

A  mesoderm.

B  endoderm.

C  ectoderm.

A  myelinated axons, where action potentials occur only under the myelin sheath.

B  unmyelinated axons, where action potentials occur continuously down the entire axon.

C  myelinated axons, where action potentials occur continuously down the entire axon.

D  myelinated axons, where action potentials occur only at neurofibril nodes.

A  neurofibril nodes.

B  myelinated regions.

A  myelinated, large 

B  myelinated, small

C  unmyelinated, large 

D  unmyelinated, small 

A  calcium and neurotransmitter diffuse into the synaptic knob.

B  calcium is released from the neuron along with neurotransmitter from synaptic vesicles.

C  calcium is pumped into the neuron and neurotransmitter diffuses out through channels.

D  calcium diffuses into the neuron and neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis.

A  Relative refractory period 

B  Absolute refractory period 

A  open state of voltage-gated sodium channels.

B  closure of chemically gated sodium channels.

C  closure of voltage-gated potassium channels.

D  open state of voltage-gated potassium channels.

A  potassium enters, repolarizing the cell to a negative value.

B  potassium enters, depolarizing the cell to a positive value.

C  potassium exits, depolarizing the cell to an even more negative value.

D  potassium exits, repolarizing the cell to a negative value.

A  action potentials at the node of Ranvier.

B  resting membrane potentials in a particular area of the brain.

C  postsynaptic potentials at the initial segment.

D  excitatory neurotransmitter molecules at a receptor.

A  EPSP, which is a depolarization.

B  IPSP, which is a hyperpolarization.

C  IPSP, which is a depolarization.

D  EPSP, which is a hyperpolarization

A  chemically, dendrite 

B  chemically, axon

C  voltage-, axon 

D  voltage-, dendrite 

A  lasts for several seconds after ion channels have opened, closed, and reset.

B  varies in size depending on the magnitude of the stimulus (larger voltage change for stronger stimulus).

C  is all or none (always the same intensity).

D  travels the length of the nerve fiber (is long-distance).

A  sodium-potassium pumps.

B  voltage-gated channels.

C  chemically gated channels.

D  mechanically gated channels.

A  more positive.

B   the same.

C  0 mV.

D  more negative.

A  directly related to voltage and inversely related to resistance.

B  inversely related to both voltage and resistance.

C  directly related to both voltage and resistance.

D  indirectly related to voltage and directly related to resistance.

A  the difference in concentration of a substance between two areas.

B  the combination of electrical and chemical gradients between two areas.

C  the difference in electrical charge between two areas.

D  the resistance a membrane has to allowing any charged chemical to pass through it.

A  voltage-gated sodium channel.

B  voltage-gated chloride channel.

C  voltage-gated calcium channel.

D  voltage-gated potassium channel.

A   initial 

B  receptive 

C   transmissive

D  conductive 

A  endosteum.

B  epineurium.

C  perineurium.

D  endoneurium.

A  areolar connective tissue.

B  simple squamous epithelium.

C  dense regular connective tissue.

D  dense irregular connective tissue.

A  is a cablelike bundle of parallel axons.

B  contains a single axon.

C  carries information only toward the PNS.

D  is found only in the CNS.

A  astrocyte.

B  satellite cell.

C  ependymal cell.

D  neurolemmocyte.

A  astrocyte.

B  microglial cell.

C  ependymal cell.

D  oligodendrocyte.

A  Transmission at chemical synapses involves a brief synaptic delay, but electrical synapses are faster.

B  Electrical synapses have a constant delay of 1 millisecond, but chemical synaptic delays vary between 0.1 and 0.3 millisecond.

C  Transmission at both chemical and electrical synapses involves a synaptic delay of approximately 1 millisecond.

D  Transmission at electrical synapses involves a brief synaptic delay, but chemical synapses are faster.

A  the presynaptic neuron’s synaptic knob into the synaptic cleft.

B  the postsynaptic neuron’s dendrites into the synaptic cleft.

C  the presynaptic neuron’s dendrites into the synaptic cleft.

D   the presynaptic neuron’s soma into synaptic vesicles.

A  individual axons transmit both sensory and motor information.

B  some axons transmit sensory information and others transmit motor information.

C  astrocytes are interspersed with ependymal cells.

D  chemical synapses occur along with electrical synapses.

A  interneurons.

B  sensory neurons.

C  bipolar neurons.

D  motor neurons.

A  At the ends of dendrites 

B  At the tips of telodendria 

C  Along axon collaterals 

D  Within the cell body 

A  several types of neurotransmitters simultaneously, all of which excite the cell’s target.

B  several types of neurotransmitters simultaneously, that all work to prevent another immediate impulse.

C  a specific neurotransmitter that either excites or inhibits its target.

D  a specific neurotransmitter that always excites its target.

A  Transmits impulses to muscles and glands 

B  Transmits impulses from the viscera 

C  Conducts impulses from the CNS 

D   Involuntary control of the heart 

A  process information.

B  conduct impulses to muscles.

C  collect information.

D  initiate responses to information.