Quiz 2

A  independent

B  dependent

C  test

D  intervening

A  A variable must always be as abstract as possible.

B  Only two variables may be included in any particular study.

C  A variable must always be very concrete and straightforward.

D  Research is often designed to discover how variables influence each other.

A  All sociological research follows the model of hypothesis.

B  A hypothesis may be either accepted or rejected.

C  A hypothesis is a demonstration of fact.

D  Only qualitative studies use hypotheses.

A  A list of possible outcomes

B  A logical argument with evidence presented

C  If–then statements

D  An outline of steps that will take place

A  deductive

B  quantitative

C  qualitative

D  historical

A  A theory

B  A plan of analysis

C  A variable

D  A hypothesis 

A  review the relevant literature.

B  identify available funding.

C  have it reviewed by an ethics committee.

D  explore possible conflicts of interest.

A  Unless there is a well-founded suspicion of deliberate fraud, there is no reason to replicate a study.

B  A replication is usually less expensive because most of the work has previously been done.

C  A replication study can demonstrate the reliability of the original findings and indicate what changes have occurred since the original study was conducted.

D  A replication study is useful only if the first study was conducted incorrectly or if there are other reasons to be suspicious of the results.

A  It’s best to find a handful of websites that you’re comfortable with and stick to them, even if they do sometimes distort research findings.

B  It is always important to consider who owns the website, as some corporations and organizations may be motivated to misstate research findings.

C  There really are no longer any reasonably reliable websites. It is best to rely on professional journals.

D  Popular media websites virtually never misstate, exaggerate, or otherwise distort research findings.

A  past studies that one may want to expand further.

B  past research that one would like to develop a critique of.

C  All of these may be a source.

D  an observation in everyday life.

A  fourth

B  third

C  first

D  second

A  introspection.

B  replicated results.

C  statistics.

D  interpretive observations.

A  applied

B  deductive

C  inductive

D  conceptual

E    

A  Applied reasoning

B  Conceptual reasoning

C  Inductive reasoning

D  Deductive reasoning

A  conceptual

B  deductive

C  inductive

D  applied

A  Philosophy and personal beliefs are based on empirical evidence.

B  Sociology focuses only on social problems.

C  Sociology is never humanistic.

D  In sociological research, the theory must be testable.

A  Hypothesis testing

B  Data analysis

C  Finding research funding

D  Observation

A  the inductive method

B  the scientific method

C  deductive reasoning

D  abstract reasoning

A  ethnography.

B  participant observation.

C  actor-action research.

D  subjective analysis.

A  survey research

B  unobtrusive observation.

C  participant observation.

D  content analysis.