Lecture Exam 1

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Question #1

Thick skin contains

A six epidermal strata and lacks sweat glands.

B seven epidermal strata and lacks sweat glands.

C four epidermal strata and lacks sebaceous glands.

D five epidermal strata and lacks sebaceous glands.

E five epidermal strata and lacks sweat glands.

Question #2

Carotene, a pigment that contributes to skin color, is acquired in the body by eating various yellow-orange vegetables.

A False

B True

Question #3

Within the body, carotene is converted to

A vitamin E, which is important for visual function.

B vitamin A, which is important for auditory function.

C vitamin A, which is important for visual function.

D vitamin E, which is important for auditory function

Question #4

Most of the nail body appears pink because of the blood in the underlying capillaries.

A False

B True

Question #5

Which of these comprise the nail plate?

a: Free edge
b: Nail folds
c: Eponchyium
d: Nail root
e: Nail body

A a, b, e

B a, c, d, e

C a, d, e

D a, b, c, e

E a, b, d, e

Question #6

The skin consists of different tissue types that perform specific activities and therefore is to be considered an organ.

A True

B False

Question #7

The reticular layer of the dermis consists primarily of

A adipose tissue.

B dense irregular connective tissue.

C nervous tissue.

D reticular connective tissue.

E elastic connective tissue.

Question #8

Sebum is a secretion that

A lubricates skin and helps defend against bacteria.

B cools the skin and eliminates certain drugs.

C acts as a pheremone once reproductive maturity is reached.

D maintains water balance through waterproofing the skin.

Question #9

Why might someone pale when they are exposed to a cold temperature?

A Vasoconstriction of dermal blood vessels.

B Increased melanin production.

C Dehydration of the stratum corneum.

D Increased blood flow to affected areas.

E Constriction of the dermal collagen and elastic fibers.

Question #10

The epidermis exhibits variations among different body regions within a single individual, as well as differences between individuals.

A False

B True

Question #11

The reason for the reddish tint seen in lightly pigmented skin is the molecule formed by the combination of oxygen and melanin.

A False

B True

Question #12

The hypodermis is rich in adipose, and thus its functions include

A frequent regeneration, structural support, and defense against infection.

B organ protection, energy storage, and thermal insulation.

C maintenance of boundaries and sensation of stimuli.

D water regulation and vitamin synthesis.

Question #13

Blood capillaries that supply nourishment for the epidermis are located in the

A reticular connective tissue.

B dermal papillae.

C epidermal ridges.

D subcutaneous layer.

E epidermis proper.

Question #14

Transpiration is another name for sweating.

A False

B True

Question #15

Which are applicable to the stratum corneum?

a: Most superficial stratum
b: Consists of about 3–5 cell layers
c: Cells are dead
d: Interlocking keratinized cells
e: Cells are anucleate

A a, b, c, d, e

B a, c, d

C a, c, d, e

D a, b, d

E a, c, e

Question #16

Fingernails are helpful in protecting the distal tips of fingers and in grasping small objects.

A False

B True

Question #17

Epidermal dendritic (Langerhans) cells function as part of the ______ response.

A sensory

B heating

C sweating

D tanning

E immune

Question #18

Which is the actively growing part of the nail?

A Nail folds

B Free edge

C Nail matrix

D Nail root

E Nail bed

Question #19

Drugs that are administered by skin patches tend to be _______ soluble molecules that are absorbed ________.

A lipid; slowly

B water; quickly

C water; slowly

D lipid; quickly

Question #20

The type of gland that secretes sweat into a hair follicle that is found in the axillary, anal, and genital regions is the ________ sweat gland.

A ceruminous

B apocrine

C merocrine

D sebaceous

Question #21

Lysosomes contain enzymes that prepare the vesicles that will be used by the Golgi apparatus to package its secretory products.

A False

B True

Question #22

When a small, polar solute binds to a membrane protein that then changes shape and transports the solute across the membrane, the process is known as

A endocytosis.

B active transport.

C simple diffusion.

D carrier-mediated diffusion.

E channel-mediated diffusion.

Question #23

Which is a non-membrane-bound organelle?

A Mitochondrion

B Rough endoplasmic reticulum

C Golgi apparatus

D Lysosome

E Microtubule

Question #24

Movement of a substance from an area of higher concentration to one where it is less concentrated is known as

A diffusion.

B facilitation.

C active transport.

D equilibrium.

E selective transport.

Question #25

The lipid that stabilizes the membrane at extreme temperatures and is found in the hydrophobic regions of the bilayer is

A glycocalyx.

B the polar head.

C cholesterol.

D the nonpolar tails.

E glycolipid.

Question #26

These junctions hold adjacent cells together and provide resistance to mechanical stress.

A Desmosomes

B Tight junctions

C Gap junctions

D Synapses

Question #27

Lysosome functions range from the digestion of materials ingested by the cell to the self-destruction of the cell.

A True

B False

Question #28

The folds of the internal membrane of a mitochondrion are called

A vacuoles.

B cristae.

C matrix.

D vesicles.

Question #29

Consider a cell with a total internal solute concentration of 0.9%. Placing the cell in which bath solution would result in creation of the greatest osmotic pressure in the cell?

A 0.9% NaCl

B 0.5% NaCl

C 1.2% NaCl

Question #30

Mucus is moved along the lining of the trachea by extensions from cell membranes known as

A stereovilli.

B microvilli.

C flagella.

D cilia.

Question #31

Over time diffusion results in the even distribution of a substance throughout an area.

A True

B False

Question #32

The sodium-potassium pump moves

A sodium and potassium out of the cell.

B sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell.

C sodium into the cell and potassium out of the cell.

D sodium and potassium into the cell.

Question #33

The sodium-potassium pump moves ions against their concentration gradients and helps maintain an electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane.

A True

B False

Question #34

Which is a passive transport process?

A Pinocytosis

B Receptor-mediated endocytosis

C Phagocytosis

D Osmosis

E Ion pump

Question #35

The amount of rough ER is greater in cells producing large amounts of protein for secretion.

A False

B True

Question #36

Peroxisomes are membrane-bound organelles.

A True

B False

Question #37

The sodium-potassium ATPase functions by performing

A receptor-mediated endocytosis.

B secondary active transport.

C exocytosis.

D both exocytosis and endocytosis.

E primary active transport.

Question #38

Identify the organelle that provides enzymes for autolysis.

A Golgi apparatus

B Mitochondria

C Lysosomes

D Smooth ER

E Peroxisomes

Question #39

Diffusion rate is fastest when the concentration gradient is

A slightest and temperature is highest.

B steepest and temperature is at body temperature.

C slightest and temperature is lowest.

D slightest and temperature is at body temperature.

E steepest and temperature is highest.

Question #40

The nuclear envelope consists primarily of

A a double helix of DNA.

B ribosomal subunits.

C two phospholipid bilayers.

D messenger RNA.

Question #41

The system responsible for the exchange of gases between the blood and atmospheric air is the _____________ system.

A cardiovascular

B nervous

C urinary

D endocrine

E respiratory

Question #42

Which system is responsible for providing protection, regulating body temperature, and being the site of cutaneous receptors?

A Muscular

B Integumentary

C Urinary

D Respiratory

E Nervous

Question #43

When you are exposed to bright light, cells in the retina detect the stimulus and send it to the brain for processing. The brain commands the iris to constrict and decrease pupil size. Which structure serves as a receptor in this system?

A The retina

B The eyelid

C The iris

D The brain’s visual cortex

Question #44

If your body temperature starts to decline, your body responds by exciting skeletal muscles so that you shiver and your temperature returns to normal. This is an example of negative feedback.

A False

B True

Question #45

The cell is the smallest living portion of the human body.

A False

B True

Question #46

Respiratory physiology is primarily the study of

A cell shape withinthe alveoli of the lungs.

B how gases are transferred between the lungs and the blood vessels supplying them.

C the tissue composition of the airways, air sacs, and blood vessels.

D the branching pattern of the small airways of the lungs.

Question #47

At what level of organization is a tooth, which contains multiple tissue types?

A System level

B Atomic level

C Organ level

D Cell level

E Tissue level

Question #48

The scientific discipline that studies the functions of body structures is

A anatomy.

B physiology.

Question #49

Which branch of microscopic anatomy is the study of tissues?

A Embryology

B Cytology

C Developmental anatomy

D Surgical anatomy

E Histology

Question #50

The urinary system filters the blood, concentrates waste products, and removes waste products from the body.

A True

B False

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