Theoretical Approaches Toward the Study of Religion

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Question #1

Perhaps most importantly, religions create a sense of _____ in a life that can otherwise feel out of control and meaningless for people.

A magic

B ritual

C meaning

D death rituals

E myth

Question #2

A magic

B ritual

C myth

D death rituals

E meaning

Question #3

At the same time, most religious groups do believe in some kind of _____ or petitionary efforts intended to change the fates of people.

A myth

B death rituals

C ritual

D meaning

E magic

Question #4

_____ are funerary rituals that exist in most cultures and most religions.

A meaning

B death rituals

C magic

D ritual

E myth

Question #5

It is very challenging to define “religion” because it exists with great diversity and there is no one, unifying characteristic that can be found in all religions. However, there are some common characteristics that you might find in most religions. For example, most religions do incorporate some element of _____ or repeated event that binds the community together.

A ritual

B myth

C meaning

D magic

E death rituals

Question #6

According to Malinowski, religion offers people _______ and a sense of ________.

A comfort; control

B magic; sacrifice

C money; power

Question #7

According to Durkheim, religion helps a community maintain a sense of _________ .

A social rules

B powerlessness

C superstition

Question #8

In Geertz’ view, the symbols used in religion help to establish ________ in people which changes their behavior.

A motivations

B superstitions

C ignorance

Question #9

Clifford Geertz argued that religion can be studied ________ .

A functionally

B politically

C symbolically

Question #10

In anthropology, the Marxist Approach examines the _________ that exist within and across cultural groups.

A equal distribution of power

B power imbalances

C linear evolution

Question #11

Marx and Engels argued that the “false consciousness” of capitalism helped to keep workers ________ in a system that exploits labor.

A cooperative

B empowered

C informed

D educated

Question #12

Marx’s critique of capitalism is based on the _________.

A fair distribution of resources

B inevitable competition for resources

C uneven distribution of resources

Question #13

R. R. Marrett argued that human beings typically developed religion when they first felt ______ in the face of nature.

A security

B control

C joy

D fear

Question #14

Match the term to its definition: Christianity

A A cultural structure that typically includes magical belief, ritual, morality, and the building of community.

B A major world religion that includes Catholicism and Protestantism.

C The belief that the human mind cannot conceive of the divine.

D The belief in spirit beings.

Question #15

Match the term to its definition: Protestant Work Ethic

A A cultural structure that typically includes magical belief, ritual, morality, and the building of community.

B Theoretical approach that argues that human religion spreads along trade routes

C The theoretical approach that argues that human cultures adapt and change over time.

D The idea that all types of work fulfill God’s calling.

Question #16

Match the term to its definition: Mana

A Polynesian/ Melanesian word for supernatural force found in nature.

B The belief that the human mind cannot conceive of the divine.

C The development of religion inspired by the power of nature.

D Theoretical approach that argues that human religion spreads along trade routes

Question #17

Match the term to its definition: Animatism

A The development of religion inspired by the power of nature.

B The idea that all types of work fulfill God’s calling.

C Polynesian/ Melanesian word for supernatural force found in nature.

D A major world religion that includes Catholicism and Protestantism.

Question #18

Match the term to its definition: Diffusionism

A The belief that the human mind cannot conceive of the divine.

B Theoretical approach that argues that human religion spreads along trade routes

C The belief in spirit beings.

D The theoretical approach that argues that human cultures adapt and change over time.

Question #19

Match the term to its definition: Transmigration

A The survival, in some form, of the human soul after death.

B Theoretical approach that argues that human religion spreads along trade routes

C The development of religion inspired by the power of nature.

D Polynesian/ Melanesian word for supernatural force found in nature.

Question #20

Match the term to its definition: Religion

A A cultural structure that typically includes magical belief, ritual, morality, and the building of community.

B The survival, in some form, of the human soul after death.

C The belief in spirit beings.

D The belief that the human mind cannot conceive of the divine.

Question #21

Match the term to its definition: Agnostic

A The belief that the human mind cannot conceive of the divine.

B Polynesian/ Melanesian word for supernatural force found in nature.

C The development of religion inspired by the power of nature.

D Theoretical approach that argues that human religion spreads along trade routes

Question #22

Match the term to its definition: Animism

A The survival, in some form, of the human soul after death.

B A cultural structure that typically includes magical belief, ritual, morality, and the building of community.

C The belief that the human mind cannot conceive of the divine.

D The belief in spirit beings.

Question #23

Match the term to its definition: Cultural Evolutionism

A A cultural structure that typically includes magical belief, ritual, morality, and the building of community.

B The belief in spirit beings.

C The belief that the human mind cannot conceive of the divine.

D The theoretical approach that argues that human cultures adapt and change over time.

Question #24

Match the social scientist to its argument: Marx and Engels

A Religion comforts the working class

B Protestant Work Ethic

C Cultural Evolutionism

D Animatism

Question #25

Match the social scientist to its argument: Durkheim

A Religion encourages good behavior

B Animatism

C Religion expresses moods and motivations through symbols

D Religion comforts and offers a sense of control

Question #26

Match the social scientist to its argument: Malinowski

A Protestant Work Ethic

B Religion comforts and offers a sense of control

C Religion expresses moods and motivations through symbols

D Cultural Evolutionism

Question #27

Match the social scientist to its argument: Geertz

A Religion comforts and offers a sense of control

B Religion expresses moods and motivations through symbols

C Religion comforts the working class

D Religion encourages good behavior

Question #28

Match the social scientist to its argument: Weber

A Protestant Work Ethic

B Religion comforts the working class

C Cultural Evolutionism

D Animatism

Question #29

Match the social scientist to its argument: Marrett

A Religion comforts and offers a sense of control

B Animatism

C Religion expresses moods and motivations through symbols

D Religion encourages good behavior

Question #30

Match the social scientist to its argument: Tylor

A Protestant Work Ethic

B Animatism

C Cultural Evolutionism

D Religion expresses moods and motivations through symbols

Question #31

Cultural evolutionism argues that cultural structures _________ over time.

A change and adapt

B spread along trade routes

C are eliminated by those in power

D remain stagnant

Question #32

There is no universal agreement on the arguments made by E.B. Tylor. Some argue that he claimed that cultures evolve in a ______ manner, but Eric K. Reed argues that, actually, Tylor never specifically made that point.

A linear

B adaptive

C religious

Question #33

Anthropologists ______ interested in the truth or falsity of religion.

A are

B are not

Question #34

Which of the following are common characteristics of religion?

A moral guidance and scientific basis

B belief in a supernatural being(s), moral guidance, and community

C belief in a supernatural being(s), moral guidance, and scientific basis

D community and scientific basis

Question #35

We use the term ______ to refer to a person who group who believes that the human mind can not fully conceive of the divine.

A atheist

B positivist

C anotheist

D agnostic

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Theoretical Approaches Toward the Study of Religion

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