Final Exam

A  flinching and jerking away

B  pain repetition

C  taking a shower

D  sound of the toilet flushing

A  variable-ratio

B  variable-interval

C  fixed-interval

D  fixed-ratio

A  a conditioned response

B  positive reinforcement

C  negative reinforcement

D  an unconditioned response

A  spontaneous recovery

B  operant conditioning

C  classical conditioning

D  negative reinforcement

A  gets a placebo drug as well as weekly counseling

B  gets no treatment at all

C  gets a placebo drug, but no counseling

D  gets counseling instead of any drugs

A  naturalistic observation

B  replication

C  random sampling

D  correlational design

A  morality of the question under investigation.

B  the need to keep the results of research from the participants.

C  loss of future research possibilities.

D  invasion of privacy.

A  psychologists must always avoid deception with using human subjects.

B  psychologists must treat all subjects with respect and concern for the subject’s mental and physical health.

C  all psychological harm to subjects must be corrected by counseling.

D  all data collected from a person must be made public.

A  show the brain wave patterns of an awake brain.

B  exhibit darting of the eyes underneath the closed eye lids.

C  report vivid dreams if awakened at this time.

D  all of these

A  the extent to which development is continuous or discontinuous

B  the relative importance of heredity and environment.

C  the use of a chronological versus a longitudinal approach.

D  the difference between developmental and chronological age.

A  pheromones

B  receptor sites.

C  transmission ions.

D  neurotransmitters.

A  mental set

B  confirmation bias

C  an availability heuristic

D  functional fixedness

A  biological

B  evolutionary

C  veterinary

D  behavioral

A  a lack of moral values in contemporary society.

B  inherited predispositions.

C  faulty parental rewards and punishments.

D  early childhood experiences and family relationships.

A  cognitive

B  evolutionary

C  socio-cultural

D  behaviorist

A  hiring someone only because s/he is in the same sorority/fraternity as you are

B  thinking that females are likely to be bad drivers

C  not awarding scholarships to students intending to go to a community college  because you think community college students are not likely to finish their degrees.

D  not hiring someone to work for you because they use a wheelchair.

A  cultural differences in the care of prisoners.

B  the importance of obedience in the military environment.

C  bystander apathy.

D  the behavior of some of the prison guards at Abu Ghraib.

A  post-traumatic stress disorder.

B  traumatic stressors.

C  being in the exhaustion stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome.

D  emotional stress overload.

A  a cognitive theorist; practicing rational-emotive therapy

B  a humanistic theorist; practicing client-centered therapy

C  a behavioral theorist; practicing systematic desensitization

D  a psychodynamic theorist; practicing psychoanalysis

A  retrieval

B  Storage

C  encoding

D  inference

A  Riggio, H.R., & Garcia, A.L. (2009). The power of situations: Jonestown and
the fundamental attribution error. Teaching of Psychology, 36, 108-112.

B  Riggio, Heidi, & Garcia, Amber (2009). The power of situations: Jonestown
and the fundamental attribution error. Teaching of Psychology, 36, 108-112.

C  Riggio, H.R., & Garcia, A.L. (2009). The power of situations: Jonestown and
the fundamental attribution error. Teaching of Psychology, 36, 108-112.

D  Riggio, H.R., & Garcia, A.L. (2009). The power of situations: Jonestown and
the fundamental attribution error. Teaching of Psychology, 36, 108-112.

A  the survey method

B  the case study method

C  naturalistic observation

D  experimentation

A  salivation to the sound of a metronome/bell.

B  the presentation of food in the dog’s mouth.

C  salivation to the food in the mouth.

D  a tone.

A  Depression

B  Schizophrenia

C  Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

D  Panic attacks

A  naturalist

B  individualist

C  collectivist

D  interdependent

A  stimulus-response relationships in humans.

B  the deterministic nature of human environments.

C  unconscious motivations and biochemical processes.

D  that human nature is positive and that people are inclined to grow.

A  Karen Horney

B  Lawrence Kohlberg

C  Lev Vygotsky

D  Jean Piaget

A  Culturally balanced IQ tests

B  Culture-fair IQ tests

C  Culture-neutral IQ tests

D  Abstract reasoning IQ tests

A  one million items.

B  three items.

C  seven plus or minus 9 items

D  unlimited.

A  superego

B  id

C  ego

D  unconscious

A  prefers to engage in therapy in a group setting.

B  uses a combination of psychological theories, methods, and therapeutic approaches.

C  prescribes the use of drugs as part of psychoanalysis using biomedical therapy.

D  emphasizes that active listening is the major technique in all effective therapies.

A  periodic intervals of uncontrollable violence

B  a “split mind”

C  delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and abnormal psychomotor behavior

D  alternations between extreme hopelessness and unrealistic optimism

A  is one for which the author has been paid

B  has been written by someone with a Ph.D.

C  is one that has found significant statistical results

D  has been evaluated before publication by other researchers in the same field

A  description of the entire article means that Behjat is writing the article’s ______ .

B  results

C  introduction

D  Abstract

E  discussion

A  control.

B  explanation.

C  description.

D  prediction.

A  dependent; dependent

B  dependent; independent

C  independent; independent

D  independent; dependent

A  humanistic

B  psychoanalytic

C  biological

D  cognitive

A  there is no experimental group to compare with.

B  there is no control group.

C  violence runs in families.

D  correlations cannot prove cause and effect.

A  Milgram

B  Maslow

C  Bandura

D  Selye

A  Culture plays a role in definitions of intelligence.

B  Culture influences biological, cognitive, and socioemotional development.

C  Culture influences and interacts with the therapeutic process.

D  It really isn’t that important; all human beings are the same.

A  Maslow

B  Pavlov

C  Piaget

D  Skinner

A  Skinner

B  Freud

C  Piaget

D  Darwin

A  Milgram deceived his participants.

B  Milgram did not properly debrief his participants.

C  Institutional Review Boards did not exist to review his study prior to its commencement.

D  All of these are ethically problematic in contemporary psychology.

A  selfish, habitual, and avoidable

B  aggressive, persistent, and intentional

C  deviance, distress, and dysfunction

D  biological influences, unconscious motivations, and difficult to change

A  shaping

B  stimulus generalization

C  secondary reinforcement

D  spontaneous recovery.

A  correlational

B  control

C  experimental

D  survey

A  because the experimenters John B. Watson and Rosalie Raynor were bad people

B  because he was afraid of the rat in the beginning

C  because it is an example of operant conditioning

D  because psychologists cannot intentionally instill fear in a human subject

A  naturalistic observation

B  correlational method

C  experimental research

D  the case study approach