Final Exam

A  flinching and jerking away

B  pain repetition

C  sound of the toilet flushing

D  taking a shower

A  variable-interval

B  fixed-ratio

C  fixed-interval

D  variable-ratio

A  a conditioned response

B  an unconditioned response

C  positive reinforcement

D  negative reinforcement

A  spontaneous recovery

B  classical conditioning

C  negative reinforcement

D  operant conditioning

A  gets no treatment at all

B  gets counseling instead of any drugs

C  gets a placebo drug as well as weekly counseling

D  gets a placebo drug, but no counseling

A  random sampling

B  correlational design

C  replication

D  naturalistic observation

A  morality of the question under investigation.

B  the need to keep the results of research from the participants.

C  invasion of privacy.

D  loss of future research possibilities.

A  psychologists must treat all subjects with respect and concern for the subject’s mental and physical health.

B  all data collected from a person must be made public.

C  all psychological harm to subjects must be corrected by counseling.

D  psychologists must always avoid deception with using human subjects.

A  all of these

B  exhibit darting of the eyes underneath the closed eye lids.

C  report vivid dreams if awakened at this time.

D  show the brain wave patterns of an awake brain.

A  the difference between developmental and chronological age.

B  the relative importance of heredity and environment.

C  the extent to which development is continuous or discontinuous

D  the use of a chronological versus a longitudinal approach.

A  transmission ions.

B  receptor sites.

C  neurotransmitters.

D  pheromones

A  mental set

B  confirmation bias

C  functional fixedness

D  an availability heuristic

A  evolutionary

B  veterinary

C  behavioral

D  biological

A  faulty parental rewards and punishments.

B  early childhood experiences and family relationships.

C  a lack of moral values in contemporary society.

D  inherited predispositions.

A  behaviorist

B  cognitive

C  socio-cultural

D  evolutionary

A  thinking that females are likely to be bad drivers

B  not awarding scholarships to students intending to go to a community college  because you think community college students are not likely to finish their degrees.

C  hiring someone only because s/he is in the same sorority/fraternity as you are

D  not hiring someone to work for you because they use a wheelchair.

A  the importance of obedience in the military environment.

B  the behavior of some of the prison guards at Abu Ghraib.

C  cultural differences in the care of prisoners.

D  bystander apathy.

A  being in the exhaustion stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome.

B  traumatic stressors.

C  post-traumatic stress disorder.

D  emotional stress overload.

A  a cognitive theorist; practicing rational-emotive therapy

B  a behavioral theorist; practicing systematic desensitization

C  a psychodynamic theorist; practicing psychoanalysis

D  a humanistic theorist; practicing client-centered therapy

A  encoding

B  Storage

C  retrieval

D  inference

A  Riggio, H.R., & Garcia, A.L. (2009). The power of situations: Jonestown and
the fundamental attribution error. Teaching of Psychology, 36, 108-112.

B  Riggio, H.R., & Garcia, A.L. (2009). The power of situations: Jonestown and
the fundamental attribution error. Teaching of Psychology, 36, 108-112.

C  Riggio, Heidi, & Garcia, Amber (2009). The power of situations: Jonestown
and the fundamental attribution error. Teaching of Psychology, 36, 108-112.

D  Riggio, H.R., & Garcia, A.L. (2009). The power of situations: Jonestown and
the fundamental attribution error. Teaching of Psychology, 36, 108-112.

A  naturalistic observation

B  experimentation

C  the case study method

D  the survey method

A  salivation to the sound of a metronome/bell.

B  the presentation of food in the dog’s mouth.

C  a tone.

D  salivation to the food in the mouth.

A  Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

B  Panic attacks

C  Schizophrenia

D  Depression

A  collectivist

B  interdependent

C  individualist

D  naturalist

A  the deterministic nature of human environments.

B  stimulus-response relationships in humans.

C  that human nature is positive and that people are inclined to grow.

D  unconscious motivations and biochemical processes.

A  Karen Horney

B  Lev Vygotsky

C  Lawrence Kohlberg

D  Jean Piaget

A  Culture-fair IQ tests

B  Culture-neutral IQ tests

C  Culturally balanced IQ tests

D  Abstract reasoning IQ tests

A  three items.

B  one million items.

C  unlimited.

D  seven plus or minus 9 items

A  ego

B  superego

C  id

D  unconscious

A  uses a combination of psychological theories, methods, and therapeutic approaches.

B  prefers to engage in therapy in a group setting.

C  emphasizes that active listening is the major technique in all effective therapies.

D  prescribes the use of drugs as part of psychoanalysis using biomedical therapy.

A  alternations between extreme hopelessness and unrealistic optimism

B  a “split mind”

C  delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and abnormal psychomotor behavior

D  periodic intervals of uncontrollable violence

A  is one for which the author has been paid

B  is one that has found significant statistical results

C  has been written by someone with a Ph.D.

D  has been evaluated before publication by other researchers in the same field

A  introduction

B  discussion

C  description of the entire article means that Behjat is writing the article’s ______ .

D  Abstract

E  results

A  description.

B  explanation.

C  control.

D  prediction.

A  independent; dependent

B  dependent; dependent

C  dependent; independent

D  independent; independent

A  biological

B  psychoanalytic

C  cognitive

D  humanistic

A  there is no experimental group to compare with.

B  correlations cannot prove cause and effect.

C  there is no control group.

D  violence runs in families.

A  Selye

B  Maslow

C  Bandura

D  Milgram

A  It really isn’t that important; all human beings are the same.

B  Culture plays a role in definitions of intelligence.

C  Culture influences and interacts with the therapeutic process.

D  Culture influences biological, cognitive, and socioemotional development.

A  Maslow

B  Skinner

C  Pavlov

D  Piaget

A  Freud

B  Piaget

C  Skinner

D  Darwin

A  All of these are ethically problematic in contemporary psychology.

B  Milgram deceived his participants.

C  Institutional Review Boards did not exist to review his study prior to its commencement.

D  Milgram did not properly debrief his participants.

A  selfish, habitual, and avoidable

B  biological influences, unconscious motivations, and difficult to change

C  deviance, distress, and dysfunction

D  aggressive, persistent, and intentional

A  spontaneous recovery.

B  secondary reinforcement

C  shaping

D  stimulus generalization

A  experimental

B  correlational

C  survey

D  control

A  because psychologists cannot intentionally instill fear in a human subject

B  because it is an example of operant conditioning

C  because he was afraid of the rat in the beginning

D  because the experimenters John B. Watson and Rosalie Raynor were bad people

A  experimental research

B  naturalistic observation

C  correlational method

D  the case study approach