Final Exam

A  pain repetition

B  flinching and jerking away

C  sound of the toilet flushing

D  taking a shower

A  variable-ratio

B  fixed-interval

C  variable-interval

D  fixed-ratio

A  positive reinforcement

B  an unconditioned response

C  negative reinforcement

D  a conditioned response

A  spontaneous recovery

B  classical conditioning

C  negative reinforcement

D  operant conditioning

A  gets counseling instead of any drugs

B  gets no treatment at all

C  gets a placebo drug as well as weekly counseling

D  gets a placebo drug, but no counseling

A  replication

B  random sampling

C  naturalistic observation

D  correlational design

A  the need to keep the results of research from the participants.

B  morality of the question under investigation.

C  loss of future research possibilities.

D  invasion of privacy.

A  all psychological harm to subjects must be corrected by counseling.

B  psychologists must treat all subjects with respect and concern for the subject’s mental and physical health.

C  all data collected from a person must be made public.

D  psychologists must always avoid deception with using human subjects.

A  all of these

B  show the brain wave patterns of an awake brain.

C  report vivid dreams if awakened at this time.

D  exhibit darting of the eyes underneath the closed eye lids.

A  the extent to which development is continuous or discontinuous

B  the use of a chronological versus a longitudinal approach.

C  the difference between developmental and chronological age.

D  the relative importance of heredity and environment.

A  pheromones

B  receptor sites.

C  neurotransmitters.

D  transmission ions.

A  confirmation bias

B  mental set

C  an availability heuristic

D  functional fixedness

A  veterinary

B  behavioral

C  evolutionary

D  biological

A  faulty parental rewards and punishments.

B  a lack of moral values in contemporary society.

C  inherited predispositions.

D  early childhood experiences and family relationships.

A  behaviorist

B  socio-cultural

C  evolutionary

D  cognitive

A  not hiring someone to work for you because they use a wheelchair.

B  thinking that females are likely to be bad drivers

C  hiring someone only because s/he is in the same sorority/fraternity as you are

D  not awarding scholarships to students intending to go to a community college  because you think community college students are not likely to finish their degrees.

A  cultural differences in the care of prisoners.

B  bystander apathy.

C  the behavior of some of the prison guards at Abu Ghraib.

D  the importance of obedience in the military environment.

A  traumatic stressors.

B  being in the exhaustion stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome.

C  post-traumatic stress disorder.

D  emotional stress overload.

A  a humanistic theorist; practicing client-centered therapy

B  a cognitive theorist; practicing rational-emotive therapy

C  a psychodynamic theorist; practicing psychoanalysis

D  a behavioral theorist; practicing systematic desensitization

A  retrieval

B  Storage

C  encoding

D  inference

A  Riggio, H.R., & Garcia, A.L. (2009). The power of situations: Jonestown and
the fundamental attribution error. Teaching of Psychology, 36, 108-112.

B  Riggio, H.R., & Garcia, A.L. (2009). The power of situations: Jonestown and
the fundamental attribution error. Teaching of Psychology, 36, 108-112.

C  Riggio, Heidi, & Garcia, Amber (2009). The power of situations: Jonestown
and the fundamental attribution error. Teaching of Psychology, 36, 108-112.

D  Riggio, H.R., & Garcia, A.L. (2009). The power of situations: Jonestown and
the fundamental attribution error. Teaching of Psychology, 36, 108-112.

A  experimentation

B  naturalistic observation

C  the case study method

D  the survey method

A  salivation to the sound of a metronome/bell.

B  salivation to the food in the mouth.

C  a tone.

D  the presentation of food in the dog’s mouth.

A  Schizophrenia

B  Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

C  Depression

D  Panic attacks

A  collectivist

B  interdependent

C  individualist

D  naturalist

A  unconscious motivations and biochemical processes.

B  the deterministic nature of human environments.

C  that human nature is positive and that people are inclined to grow.

D  stimulus-response relationships in humans.

A  Jean Piaget

B  Lev Vygotsky

C  Lawrence Kohlberg

D  Karen Horney

A  Abstract reasoning IQ tests

B  Culturally balanced IQ tests

C  Culture-fair IQ tests

D  Culture-neutral IQ tests

A  one million items.

B  three items.

C  unlimited.

D  seven plus or minus 9 items

A  ego

B  id

C  superego

D  unconscious

A  emphasizes that active listening is the major technique in all effective therapies.

B  uses a combination of psychological theories, methods, and therapeutic approaches.

C  prefers to engage in therapy in a group setting.

D  prescribes the use of drugs as part of psychoanalysis using biomedical therapy.

A  alternations between extreme hopelessness and unrealistic optimism

B  delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and abnormal psychomotor behavior

C  a “split mind”

D  periodic intervals of uncontrollable violence

A  has been evaluated before publication by other researchers in the same field

B  is one for which the author has been paid

C  is one that has found significant statistical results

D  has been written by someone with a Ph.D.

A  description of the entire article means that Behjat is writing the article’s ______ .

B  discussion

C  results

D  introduction

E  Abstract

A  control.

B  description.

C  prediction.

D  explanation.

A  dependent; dependent

B  independent; independent

C  dependent; independent

D  independent; dependent

A  psychoanalytic

B  humanistic

C  biological

D  cognitive

A  there is no control group.

B  violence runs in families.

C  there is no experimental group to compare with.

D  correlations cannot prove cause and effect.

A  Milgram

B  Selye

C  Maslow

D  Bandura

A  Culture plays a role in definitions of intelligence.

B  It really isn’t that important; all human beings are the same.

C  Culture influences and interacts with the therapeutic process.

D  Culture influences biological, cognitive, and socioemotional development.

A  Skinner

B  Maslow

C  Piaget

D  Pavlov

A  Piaget

B  Skinner

C  Freud

D  Darwin

A  Institutional Review Boards did not exist to review his study prior to its commencement.

B  Milgram deceived his participants.

C  All of these are ethically problematic in contemporary psychology.

D  Milgram did not properly debrief his participants.

A  biological influences, unconscious motivations, and difficult to change

B  deviance, distress, and dysfunction

C  aggressive, persistent, and intentional

D  selfish, habitual, and avoidable

A  secondary reinforcement

B  shaping

C  spontaneous recovery.

D  stimulus generalization

A  experimental

B  survey

C  correlational

D  control

A  because it is an example of operant conditioning

B  because the experimenters John B. Watson and Rosalie Raynor were bad people

C  because psychologists cannot intentionally instill fear in a human subject

D  because he was afraid of the rat in the beginning

A  the case study approach

B  experimental research

C  correlational method

D  naturalistic observation