Final Exam

A  taking a shower

B  sound of the toilet flushing

C  pain repetition

D  flinching and jerking away

A  variable-interval

B  fixed-interval

C  variable-ratio

D  fixed-ratio

A  negative reinforcement

B  an unconditioned response

C  positive reinforcement

D  a conditioned response

A  operant conditioning

B  spontaneous recovery

C  classical conditioning

D  negative reinforcement

A  gets no treatment at all

B  gets counseling instead of any drugs

C  gets a placebo drug as well as weekly counseling

D  gets a placebo drug, but no counseling

A  random sampling

B  correlational design

C  replication

D  naturalistic observation

A  morality of the question under investigation.

B  loss of future research possibilities.

C  invasion of privacy.

D  the need to keep the results of research from the participants.

A  all psychological harm to subjects must be corrected by counseling.

B  psychologists must always avoid deception with using human subjects.

C  all data collected from a person must be made public.

D  psychologists must treat all subjects with respect and concern for the subject’s mental and physical health.

A  show the brain wave patterns of an awake brain.

B  report vivid dreams if awakened at this time.

C  all of these

D  exhibit darting of the eyes underneath the closed eye lids.

A  the use of a chronological versus a longitudinal approach.

B  the relative importance of heredity and environment.

C  the extent to which development is continuous or discontinuous

D  the difference between developmental and chronological age.

A  pheromones

B  neurotransmitters.

C  receptor sites.

D  transmission ions.

A  functional fixedness

B  an availability heuristic

C  mental set

D  confirmation bias

A  behavioral

B  evolutionary

C  biological

D  veterinary

A  a lack of moral values in contemporary society.

B  faulty parental rewards and punishments.

C  inherited predispositions.

D  early childhood experiences and family relationships.

A  behaviorist

B  socio-cultural

C  cognitive

D  evolutionary

A  thinking that females are likely to be bad drivers

B  not hiring someone to work for you because they use a wheelchair.

C  hiring someone only because s/he is in the same sorority/fraternity as you are

D  not awarding scholarships to students intending to go to a community college  because you think community college students are not likely to finish their degrees.

A  bystander apathy.

B  the behavior of some of the prison guards at Abu Ghraib.

C  the importance of obedience in the military environment.

D  cultural differences in the care of prisoners.

A  emotional stress overload.

B  post-traumatic stress disorder.

C  being in the exhaustion stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome.

D  traumatic stressors.

A  a humanistic theorist; practicing client-centered therapy

B  a behavioral theorist; practicing systematic desensitization

C  a psychodynamic theorist; practicing psychoanalysis

D  a cognitive theorist; practicing rational-emotive therapy

A  Storage

B  inference

C  retrieval

D  encoding

A  Riggio, Heidi, & Garcia, Amber (2009). The power of situations: Jonestown
and the fundamental attribution error. Teaching of Psychology, 36, 108-112.

B  Riggio, H.R., & Garcia, A.L. (2009). The power of situations: Jonestown and
the fundamental attribution error. Teaching of Psychology, 36, 108-112.

C  Riggio, H.R., & Garcia, A.L. (2009). The power of situations: Jonestown and
the fundamental attribution error. Teaching of Psychology, 36, 108-112.

D  Riggio, H.R., & Garcia, A.L. (2009). The power of situations: Jonestown and
the fundamental attribution error. Teaching of Psychology, 36, 108-112.

A  the case study method

B  naturalistic observation

C  the survey method

D  experimentation

A  salivation to the food in the mouth.

B  a tone.

C  salivation to the sound of a metronome/bell.

D  the presentation of food in the dog’s mouth.

A  Panic attacks

B  Schizophrenia

C  Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

D  Depression

A  interdependent

B  naturalist

C  collectivist

D  individualist

A  that human nature is positive and that people are inclined to grow.

B  stimulus-response relationships in humans.

C  unconscious motivations and biochemical processes.

D  the deterministic nature of human environments.

A  Jean Piaget

B  Lev Vygotsky

C  Karen Horney

D  Lawrence Kohlberg

A  Culturally balanced IQ tests

B  Culture-neutral IQ tests

C  Culture-fair IQ tests

D  Abstract reasoning IQ tests

A  unlimited.

B  three items.

C  one million items.

D  seven plus or minus 9 items

A  unconscious

B  superego

C  id

D  ego

A  prescribes the use of drugs as part of psychoanalysis using biomedical therapy.

B  prefers to engage in therapy in a group setting.

C  uses a combination of psychological theories, methods, and therapeutic approaches.

D  emphasizes that active listening is the major technique in all effective therapies.

A  alternations between extreme hopelessness and unrealistic optimism

B  periodic intervals of uncontrollable violence

C  a “split mind”

D  delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and abnormal psychomotor behavior

A  is one for which the author has been paid

B  is one that has found significant statistical results

C  has been evaluated before publication by other researchers in the same field

D  has been written by someone with a Ph.D.

A  discussion

B  introduction

C  results

D  Abstract

E  description of the entire article means that Behjat is writing the article’s ______ .

A  explanation.

B  control.

C  prediction.

D  description.

A  dependent; independent

B  dependent; dependent

C  independent; dependent

D  independent; independent

A  humanistic

B  cognitive

C  psychoanalytic

D  biological

A  there is no experimental group to compare with.

B  violence runs in families.

C  there is no control group.

D  correlations cannot prove cause and effect.

A  Selye

B  Milgram

C  Bandura

D  Maslow

A  It really isn’t that important; all human beings are the same.

B  Culture influences biological, cognitive, and socioemotional development.

C  Culture influences and interacts with the therapeutic process.

D  Culture plays a role in definitions of intelligence.

A  Pavlov

B  Skinner

C  Maslow

D  Piaget

A  Darwin

B  Freud

C  Piaget

D  Skinner

A  All of these are ethically problematic in contemporary psychology.

B  Milgram deceived his participants.

C  Milgram did not properly debrief his participants.

D  Institutional Review Boards did not exist to review his study prior to its commencement.

A  biological influences, unconscious motivations, and difficult to change

B  aggressive, persistent, and intentional

C  deviance, distress, and dysfunction

D  selfish, habitual, and avoidable

A  secondary reinforcement

B  stimulus generalization

C  spontaneous recovery.

D  shaping

A  survey

B  experimental

C  control

D  correlational

A  because it is an example of operant conditioning

B  because the experimenters John B. Watson and Rosalie Raynor were bad people

C  because psychologists cannot intentionally instill fear in a human subject

D  because he was afraid of the rat in the beginning

A  correlational method

B  the case study approach

C  experimental research

D  naturalistic observation