Final Exam

A  pain repetition

B  sound of the toilet flushing

C  flinching and jerking away

D  taking a shower

A  variable-interval

B  variable-ratio

C  fixed-ratio

D  fixed-interval

A  negative reinforcement

B  positive reinforcement

C  an unconditioned response

D  a conditioned response

A  classical conditioning

B  spontaneous recovery

C  negative reinforcement

D  operant conditioning

A  gets no treatment at all

B  gets counseling instead of any drugs

C  gets a placebo drug, but no counseling

D  gets a placebo drug as well as weekly counseling

A  random sampling

B  replication

C  correlational design

D  naturalistic observation

A  morality of the question under investigation.

B  loss of future research possibilities.

C  invasion of privacy.

D  the need to keep the results of research from the participants.

A  psychologists must always avoid deception with using human subjects.

B  all data collected from a person must be made public.

C  psychologists must treat all subjects with respect and concern for the subject’s mental and physical health.

D  all psychological harm to subjects must be corrected by counseling.

A  all of these

B  report vivid dreams if awakened at this time.

C  exhibit darting of the eyes underneath the closed eye lids.

D  show the brain wave patterns of an awake brain.

A  the use of a chronological versus a longitudinal approach.

B  the extent to which development is continuous or discontinuous

C  the difference between developmental and chronological age.

D  the relative importance of heredity and environment.

A  transmission ions.

B  neurotransmitters.

C  pheromones

D  receptor sites.

A  an availability heuristic

B  functional fixedness

C  confirmation bias

D  mental set

A  biological

B  behavioral

C  evolutionary

D  veterinary

A  a lack of moral values in contemporary society.

B  inherited predispositions.

C  faulty parental rewards and punishments.

D  early childhood experiences and family relationships.

A  behaviorist

B  socio-cultural

C  cognitive

D  evolutionary

A  not hiring someone to work for you because they use a wheelchair.

B  thinking that females are likely to be bad drivers

C  not awarding scholarships to students intending to go to a community college  because you think community college students are not likely to finish their degrees.

D  hiring someone only because s/he is in the same sorority/fraternity as you are

A  the importance of obedience in the military environment.

B  bystander apathy.

C  cultural differences in the care of prisoners.

D  the behavior of some of the prison guards at Abu Ghraib.

A  post-traumatic stress disorder.

B  emotional stress overload.

C  being in the exhaustion stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome.

D  traumatic stressors.

A  a humanistic theorist; practicing client-centered therapy

B  a cognitive theorist; practicing rational-emotive therapy

C  a psychodynamic theorist; practicing psychoanalysis

D  a behavioral theorist; practicing systematic desensitization

A  encoding

B  inference

C  retrieval

D  Storage

A  Riggio, H.R., & Garcia, A.L. (2009). The power of situations: Jonestown and
the fundamental attribution error. Teaching of Psychology, 36, 108-112.

B  Riggio, H.R., & Garcia, A.L. (2009). The power of situations: Jonestown and
the fundamental attribution error. Teaching of Psychology, 36, 108-112.

C  Riggio, H.R., & Garcia, A.L. (2009). The power of situations: Jonestown and
the fundamental attribution error. Teaching of Psychology, 36, 108-112.

D  Riggio, Heidi, & Garcia, Amber (2009). The power of situations: Jonestown
and the fundamental attribution error. Teaching of Psychology, 36, 108-112.

A  experimentation

B  the survey method

C  the case study method

D  naturalistic observation

A  salivation to the food in the mouth.

B  the presentation of food in the dog’s mouth.

C  salivation to the sound of a metronome/bell.

D  a tone.

A  Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

B  Depression

C  Panic attacks

D  Schizophrenia

A  naturalist

B  interdependent

C  individualist

D  collectivist

A  that human nature is positive and that people are inclined to grow.

B  the deterministic nature of human environments.

C  stimulus-response relationships in humans.

D  unconscious motivations and biochemical processes.

A  Lev Vygotsky

B  Lawrence Kohlberg

C  Karen Horney

D  Jean Piaget

A  Culture-fair IQ tests

B  Abstract reasoning IQ tests

C  Culture-neutral IQ tests

D  Culturally balanced IQ tests

A  one million items.

B  unlimited.

C  seven plus or minus 9 items

D  three items.

A  id

B  superego

C  ego

D  unconscious

A  uses a combination of psychological theories, methods, and therapeutic approaches.

B  prefers to engage in therapy in a group setting.

C  prescribes the use of drugs as part of psychoanalysis using biomedical therapy.

D  emphasizes that active listening is the major technique in all effective therapies.

A  alternations between extreme hopelessness and unrealistic optimism

B  delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and abnormal psychomotor behavior

C  periodic intervals of uncontrollable violence

D  a “split mind”

A  is one that has found significant statistical results

B  is one for which the author has been paid

C  has been written by someone with a Ph.D.

D  has been evaluated before publication by other researchers in the same field

A  introduction

B  Abstract

C  results

D  description of the entire article means that Behjat is writing the article’s ______ .

E  discussion

A  explanation.

B  description.

C  prediction.

D  control.

A  dependent; dependent

B  independent; dependent

C  independent; independent

D  dependent; independent

A  psychoanalytic

B  humanistic

C  cognitive

D  biological

A  violence runs in families.

B  there is no control group.

C  there is no experimental group to compare with.

D  correlations cannot prove cause and effect.

A  Bandura

B  Maslow

C  Selye

D  Milgram

A  Culture plays a role in definitions of intelligence.

B  It really isn’t that important; all human beings are the same.

C  Culture influences biological, cognitive, and socioemotional development.

D  Culture influences and interacts with the therapeutic process.

A  Maslow

B  Pavlov

C  Piaget

D  Skinner

A  Freud

B  Skinner

C  Piaget

D  Darwin

A  Milgram deceived his participants.

B  Milgram did not properly debrief his participants.

C  Institutional Review Boards did not exist to review his study prior to its commencement.

D  All of these are ethically problematic in contemporary psychology.

A  biological influences, unconscious motivations, and difficult to change

B  aggressive, persistent, and intentional

C  selfish, habitual, and avoidable

D  deviance, distress, and dysfunction

A  secondary reinforcement

B  shaping

C  stimulus generalization

D  spontaneous recovery.

A  control

B  experimental

C  survey

D  correlational

A  because psychologists cannot intentionally instill fear in a human subject

B  because the experimenters John B. Watson and Rosalie Raynor were bad people

C  because he was afraid of the rat in the beginning

D  because it is an example of operant conditioning

A  the case study approach

B  correlational method

C  experimental research

D  naturalistic observation