Lecture Exam 2

A  human blood at pH 7.2

B  human intestine at pH 8.5

C  milk at pH 6.5

D  a hot vent at pH 1.5

A  that they grow well at low pH

B  that they grow well at high pH

C  that they grow well at high pressure

D  that they grow well at low oxygen

E  that they grow well at low oxygen

A  protein synthesis

B  storage

C  survival

D  reproduction

A  the temperature that is near one extreme of its range of tolerated temperatures

B  the temperature that has the longest time between cell divisions

C  the temperature that has the highest cell growth and highest enzymatic activity

D  the temperature that allows it to grow with the shortest generation time

A  they lack the correct nucleus

B  they lack the correct salt concentration

C  they lack the correct enzymes

D  they lack the correct pH

E  they lack the correct atmospheric pressure

A  facultative anaerobe

B  aerotolerant anaerobe.

C  obligate aerobe.

D  acidophile.

E  osmotolerant.

A  lag phase

B  decline phase

C  stationary phase

D  exponential or logarithmic phase

A  due to the rise in cell density

B  due to the exhaustion of nutrients

C  none of these are correct

D  more than one of the above is correct

E  due to the accumulation of toxic metabolites

A  alkaliphiles

B  facultative anaerobes

C  obligate anaerobes

D  neutrophiles

A  all of these are correct

B  bacterial motility.

C  none of these are correct

D  two of the choices are correct only

E  adherence to certain surfaces.

F  bacterial conjugation.

A  aerotolerant anaerobe

B  neutrophile

C  osmotolerant

D  acidophile

A  An individual that has been exposed to an infectious microorganism and the microorganism is replicating, but microorganism numbers have not yet reached levels necessary to produce visible symptoms.

B  none of these are correct

C  An individual that is suffering maximum host cell damage and is manifesting clear and distinct symptoms of the particular disease.

D  An individual that has survived the acute phase of the disease because of an effective immune system and/or because of effective treatment.

A  a heterotroph

B  a chemotroph

C  a phototroph

D  a chemoheterotroph

A  mesophile â growth at 0°C

B  psychrophile â growth at 15°C

C  hyperthermophiles â growth at 85°C

D  thermophile â growth at 50°C

A  thermophiles

B  acidophiles

C  mesophiles

D  psychrotrophs

A  an obligate anaerobe

B  a facultative anaerobe

C  an aerotolerant anaerobe

D  an obligate aerobe

A  salt pond in the desert with a daytime temperature of 34 °C

B  contaminated plates left in a 35 °C incubator

C  yogurt cultured at room temperature

D  mountain lake with a water temperature of 12 °C

A  20-30°C

B  >40°C

C  None of these

D  25-40°C

A  surface structure of fixed cells.

B  internal structure of live, living cells.

C  surface membranes of live, living cells.

D  internal structure of fixed cells.

A  bright-field microscopy

B  scanning electron microscopy

C  fluorescence microscopy

D  phase-contrast microscopy

E  dark-field microscopy

A  size

B  length.

C  light penetration

D  diameter.

A  higher

B  the same

C  lower

D  no relationship on

A  differential interference contrast microscope

B  darkfield microscope

C  electron microscope

D  brightfield microscope

A  light with an intermediate wavelength

B  radio wavelength

C  light with a short wavelength

D  light with a long wavelength

A  the microscope’s magnification.

B  the microscope’s clarity.

C  the minimum cell size of a cell.

D  the microscope’s resolution.

A  differential Interference Contrast microscopy

B  bright-field microscopy with staining

C  immunofluoresnce

D  phase contrast microscopy

A  transmission electron

B  phase-contrast

C  bright-field

D  dark-field

E  scanning electron

A  nose

B  hand

C  throat

D  colon

A  dying

B  moving

C  floating

D  attaching

E  reproducing

A  peptidoglycan

B  capsule

C  flagellum

D  cell wall

A  the production of exotoxins or endotoxins.

B  all of these

C  the production of various enzymatic activities such as hemolysins and leucocidins

D  the presence of anatomical structures such as pili.

A  more than one of the above is correct

B  prevented the virus from attaching to the host cell

C  prevented the virus from entering the host cell

D  prevented the virus from leaving the host cell

E  none of these are correct

F  destroyed the viral nucleic acid

A  punch holes in target cells

B  cause target cells to mutate

C  more than one of the above is correct

D  cause target cells to function more efficiently

E  none of these are correct

F  cause target cells to cell divide

A  more than one of the above is correct

B  nucleus

C  chloroplasts

D  flagella

E  mitochondria

F  endoplasmic reticulum

A  chemotaxis

B  gliding motility

C  tumbling

D  phototaxis

A  starvation

B  nutrients

C  oxygen

D  water

A  move to a new location

B  damage host cells

C  evade PAMPS activation

D  evade phagocytosis

E  build biofilms

A  carbohydrates

B  protein

C  lipids

D  nucleic acids

A  monotrichous

B  lophotrichous

C  peritrichous

D  monotrichous

A  they are used in attachment

B  more than one of the above is correct

C  they are used in motility

D  they are used in DNA exchange

E  they can cause antibiotic resistance

F  none of these are correct

A  thermophiles

B  barophiles

C  acidophiles

D  halotolerant

A  attachment increases the exchange of genes

B  attachment increases parasitic damage to the host

C  attachment increases endospore formation

D  attachment increases motility

A  endospores are more likely to die in nutritionally poor conditions

B  endospores are more likely to survive treatment with disinfectants

C  endospores are more resistant to temperature changes

D  endospores are more resistant to staining

A  fimbria

B  plasma membrane

C  pilum

D  axial filament

A  more than one of the above is correct

B  flagellum

C  capsule

D  pili

E  none of these are correct

F  pore forming toxins