Test 1

A  Watson

B  Thorndike

C  Pavlov

D  Skinner

A  Secondary

B  Operant

C  Classical

D  Social

A  dopamine – facilitates learning

B  acetylcholine – produces feelings of pleasure

C  serotonin – contributes to memory

D  glutamate – relief of pain

A  naturalistic observation

B  survey

C  experiment

D  case study

A  A pigeon pecking a disk receives food every 6 minutes.

B  Every 7th time a rat presses a lever, it receives food pellets.

C  Every 6 minutes, a rat receives food for pressing a lever. Then the schedule changes to every 5 minutes, then to every 9 minutes.

D  A pigeon pecking a disk receives food after 4 pecks, then after 7, after 5, and then after 6.

A  survey – Participants are systematically studied in their natural environment.

B  All of these choices are correctly matched.

C  case study – A single individual or group is examined in detail.

D  naturalistic observation – Questionnaires or interviews are used to probe behavior or attitudes.

A  Mary Whiton Calkins – first woman to earn a PhD in psychology

B  Mamie Phipps Clark – first woman of color to be awarded a PhD in Psychology

C  Margaret Floy Washburn – first woman of color to be awarded a PhD in Psychology

D  Mamie Phipps Clark – first female president of the APA

A  electroencephalogram (EEG) – expensive and time-consuming

B  positron emission tomography (PET) – expose people to radiation

C  computerized axial tomography (CAT) – expose people to radiation

D  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) – does not necessarily localize the cognitive processes of interest

A  cats in puzzle boxes.

B  children playing with a Bobo doll.

C  Little Albert and conditioned fear.

D  rats in Skinner boxes.

A  touch; parietal

B  hearing; parietal

C  hearing; frontal

D  touch; frontal

A  touch; vision

B  vision; hearing

C  hearing; touch

D  hearing; vision

A  beneath; parietal

B  behind; parietal

C  behind; occipital

D  beneath; occipital

A  informed speculation.

B  critical thinking.

C  the scientific method.

D  educated guessing.

A  neurogenesis.

B  neuroplasticity.

C  neuroadaptation.

D  neuromutability.

A  Titchener.

B  James.

C  Descartes.

D  Wundt.

A  agonists.

B  neurotransmitters.

C  action potentials.

D  vesicles.

A  synapses.

B  neurons.

C  dendrites.

D  axons.

A  axons.

B  dendrites.

C  glial fibers.

D  nodes of Ranvier.

A  partial

B  secondary

C  primary

D  positive

A  corpus callosum

B  frontal lobe

C  parietal lobe

D  brainstem

A  primary; secondary

B  secondary; primary

C  negative; positive

D  positive; negative

A  ratio schedule; interval schedule

B  interval schedule; ratio schedule

C  secondary reinforcer; primary reinforcer

D  primary reinforcer; secondary reinforcer

A  scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

B  study of mental disorders and their treatment.

C  study of mental processes.

D  science of behavior.

A  theory; hypothesis

B  experiment; theory

C  experiment; hypothesis

D  hypothesis; theory

A  psychoanalytic

B  biological

C  humanistic

D  biopsychosocial

A  Bandura.

B  Pavlov.

C  Watson.

D  Skinner.

A  psychoanalytic

B  sociocultural

C  behavioral

D  cognitive

A  Alzheimer’s disease; serotonin

B  depression; serotonin

C  depression; acetylcholine

D  Alzheimer’s disease; norpinephrine

A  cognitive

B  psychoanalytic

C  humanistic

D  behavioral

A  humanistic

B  psychoanalytic

C  biological

D  cognitive

A  adenosine

B  acetylcholine

C  dopamine

D  endorphins

A  understanding a pun

B  reciting a shopping list out loud

C  recognizing a familiar look on her boyfriend’s face

D  determining whether a painting she is hanging is straight or crooked

A  experimental method

B  correlational research

C  case study

D  naturalistic observation

A  reinforcers are delivered after a fluctuating period of time.

B  reinforcers are delivered after pre-established time periods.

C  the specific reinforcer changes from trial to trial.

D  reinforcers are delivered after a changing number of responses.

A  cognitive

B  sociocultural

C  biological

D  psychoanalytic

A  smell

B  touch

C  vision

D  hearing

A  whether the model in the film behaves aggressively or not

B  whether children are allowed to play with the doll after the film

C  whether children see a film of an adult model or not

D  whether children mimic the model’s aggressive behavior

A  Skinner; classical

B  Pavlov; classical

C  Pavlov; operant

D  Skinner; operant

A  glial cells.

B  myelin.

C  terminal buds.

D  dendrites.

A  dopamine

B  GABA

C  serotonin

D  norepinephrine

A  reading; writing

B  language comprehension; language production

C  reading; speaking

D  language production; language comprehension

A  insight.

B  shaping.

C  observational learning.

D  latent learning.

A  unconscious conflict.

B  free will

C  environmental determinism.

D  natural selection.

A  support cell in the nervous system.

B  neuron’s cell body.

C  long, tube-like structure extending from a neuron’s cell body.

D  branch-like fiber extending in clusters from a neuron’s cell body.

A  vision

B  hearing

C  motor coordination

D  decision-making

A  signal.

B  gap.

C  chemical.

D  joint.

A  dependent; independent

B  independent; dependent

C  dependent; experimental

D  independent; control

A  perception.

B  cognition.

C  development.

D  learning.

A  variable.

B  hypothesis.

C  theory.

D  operational definition.

A  fixed-ratio

B  variable-interval

C  variable-ratio

D  fixed-interval