Test 1

A  Pavlov

B  Skinner

C  Thorndike

D  Watson

A  Classical

B  Secondary

C  Operant

D  Social

A  glutamate – relief of pain

B  serotonin – contributes to memory

C  acetylcholine – produces feelings of pleasure

D  dopamine – facilitates learning

A  case study

B  experiment

C  survey

D  naturalistic observation

A  A pigeon pecking a disk receives food after 4 pecks, then after 7, after 5, and then after 6.

B  Every 7th time a rat presses a lever, it receives food pellets.

C  Every 6 minutes, a rat receives food for pressing a lever. Then the schedule changes to every 5 minutes, then to every 9 minutes.

D  A pigeon pecking a disk receives food every 6 minutes.

A  case study – A single individual or group is examined in detail.

B  survey – Participants are systematically studied in their natural environment.

C  naturalistic observation – Questionnaires or interviews are used to probe behavior or attitudes.

D  All of these choices are correctly matched.

A  Margaret Floy Washburn – first woman of color to be awarded a PhD in Psychology

B  Mamie Phipps Clark – first female president of the APA

C  Mary Whiton Calkins – first woman to earn a PhD in psychology

D  Mamie Phipps Clark – first woman of color to be awarded a PhD in Psychology

A  electroencephalogram (EEG) – expensive and time-consuming

B  computerized axial tomography (CAT) – expose people to radiation

C  positron emission tomography (PET) – expose people to radiation

D  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) – does not necessarily localize the cognitive processes of interest

A  children playing with a Bobo doll.

B  cats in puzzle boxes.

C  Little Albert and conditioned fear.

D  rats in Skinner boxes.

A  hearing; parietal

B  touch; parietal

C  hearing; frontal

D  touch; frontal

A  hearing; touch

B  hearing; vision

C  touch; vision

D  vision; hearing

A  behind; parietal

B  beneath; occipital

C  behind; occipital

D  beneath; parietal

A  the scientific method.

B  critical thinking.

C  educated guessing.

D  informed speculation.

A  neurogenesis.

B  neuroplasticity.

C  neuromutability.

D  neuroadaptation.

A  Descartes.

B  Wundt.

C  James.

D  Titchener.

A  action potentials.

B  agonists.

C  neurotransmitters.

D  vesicles.

A  dendrites.

B  synapses.

C  axons.

D  neurons.

A  axons.

B  dendrites.

C  nodes of Ranvier.

D  glial fibers.

A  positive

B  partial

C  primary

D  secondary

A  frontal lobe

B  brainstem

C  parietal lobe

D  corpus callosum

A  positive; negative

B  negative; positive

C  primary; secondary

D  secondary; primary

A  ratio schedule; interval schedule

B  primary reinforcer; secondary reinforcer

C  secondary reinforcer; primary reinforcer

D  interval schedule; ratio schedule

A  science of behavior.

B  study of mental disorders and their treatment.

C  scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

D  study of mental processes.

A  theory; hypothesis

B  experiment; theory

C  experiment; hypothesis

D  hypothesis; theory

A  psychoanalytic

B  biological

C  humanistic

D  biopsychosocial

A  Bandura.

B  Skinner.

C  Watson.

D  Pavlov.

A  behavioral

B  psychoanalytic

C  cognitive

D  sociocultural

A  Alzheimer’s disease; norpinephrine

B  Alzheimer’s disease; serotonin

C  depression; serotonin

D  depression; acetylcholine

A  behavioral

B  humanistic

C  cognitive

D  psychoanalytic

A  biological

B  cognitive

C  psychoanalytic

D  humanistic

A  endorphins

B  dopamine

C  acetylcholine

D  adenosine

A  reciting a shopping list out loud

B  recognizing a familiar look on her boyfriend’s face

C  understanding a pun

D  determining whether a painting she is hanging is straight or crooked

A  naturalistic observation

B  case study

C  experimental method

D  correlational research

A  reinforcers are delivered after a changing number of responses.

B  reinforcers are delivered after a fluctuating period of time.

C  reinforcers are delivered after pre-established time periods.

D  the specific reinforcer changes from trial to trial.

A  sociocultural

B  psychoanalytic

C  cognitive

D  biological

A  hearing

B  touch

C  smell

D  vision

A  whether children see a film of an adult model or not

B  whether children are allowed to play with the doll after the film

C  whether children mimic the model’s aggressive behavior

D  whether the model in the film behaves aggressively or not

A  Skinner; classical

B  Pavlov; classical

C  Skinner; operant

D  Pavlov; operant

A  glial cells.

B  terminal buds.

C  dendrites.

D  myelin.

A  norepinephrine

B  serotonin

C  GABA

D  dopamine

A  language comprehension; language production

B  reading; writing

C  language production; language comprehension

D  reading; speaking

A  latent learning.

B  shaping.

C  observational learning.

D  insight.

A  environmental determinism.

B  free will

C  natural selection.

D  unconscious conflict.

A  branch-like fiber extending in clusters from a neuron’s cell body.

B  support cell in the nervous system.

C  neuron’s cell body.

D  long, tube-like structure extending from a neuron’s cell body.

A  decision-making

B  motor coordination

C  vision

D  hearing

A  joint.

B  signal.

C  chemical.

D  gap.

A  dependent; experimental

B  independent; dependent

C  independent; control

D  dependent; independent

A  perception.

B  development.

C  learning.

D  cognition.

A  theory.

B  hypothesis.

C  variable.

D  operational definition.

A  fixed-interval

B  variable-interval

C  fixed-ratio

D  variable-ratio