Final Exam

A  genotypes.

B  alleles.

C  gametes.

D  phenotypes.

E  dominants.

A  greater for males than for females.

B  much less than 100%.

C  much more than 50%.

D  more than for dizygotic twins.

A  Betz cells.

B  interneurons of the spinal gray matter that in turn synapse on motor neurons that project to the distal muscles of the arms and legs.

C  muscles of the hands and wrists.

D  muscles of the fingers and thumb.

E  motor neurons that project to the fingers.

A  glial cells.

B  axons.

C  sulci.

D  oligodendroglia.

E  neurons.

A  Parietal Lobe

B  Frontal Lobe

C  Temporal Lobe

D  Broca’s Area

A  Corpus Collasum

B  Frontal Lobe

C  Hippocampus

D  Basal Ganglia

A  epilepsy.

B  Alzheimer’s disease.

C  MPTP poisoning.

D  Huntington’s disease.

E  autotransplants.

A  protects (cushions ) brain and spinal cord

B  removes waste products from cerebral metabolism

C  all of these

D  supplies nutrients to the nervous system

A  having him practice moving his phantom limb while his good arm was tied down.

B  having him practice moving his phantom limb while he imagined that he saw it moving.

C  injecting his stump with stem cells.

D  having him make synchronous, bilaterally symmetrical movements of “both arms” while directly viewing his good arm and a mirror image of it where his phantom limb would have been.

E  injecting his stump with curare.

A  amino acids

B  indolamines

C  monoamines

D  catecholamines

A  inappropriate affect

B  all of these

C  incoherent speech or thought

D  delusions

E  hallucinations

A  tube.

B  plate.

C  mesoderm.

D  crest.

E  floor.

A  all of these

B  DNA methylation as an important epigenetic mechanism.

C  histone remodeling as an important mechanism by which experience can influence gene expression.

D  various kinds of small RNA molecules.

E  many active areas of nongene (junk) DNA.

A  metencephalon

B  telencephalon

C  medulla

D  mesencephalon

E  myelencephalon

A  all of these

B  Evidence suggests that there may be more than five primary tastes.

C  Many tastes cannot be created from combinations of the five current primaries.

D  No receptors have been discovered for salty and sour.

E  Thirty receptors have been discovered for bitter.

A  guano.

B  zeitgeist.

C  confounds.

D  converging operations.

A  emotional reaction to pain.

B  all of these

C  expectation of pain.

D  adaptive responses to minimize pain.

E  perception of pain.

A  somal translocation.

B  growth cone translocation.

C  amoeboid migration.

D  pioneer migration.

A  CT scans

B  X-ray photography

C  cerebral angiography

D  pneumoencephalography

E  PET scans

A  in the olfactory bulb.

B  passing through the cribriform plate.

C  in the nasal passages.

D  in the olfactory mucosa.

E  all of these

A  program specific patterns of movement.

B  specialize in guiding learned sequences.

C  terminate response sequences.

D  mediate reflexes.

E  provide the major input to spinal motor circuits.

A  GABA

B  glutamate

C  serotonin

D  dopamine

E  glycine

A  SNS and the CNS.

B  ANS and the CNS.

C  brain and the spinal cord.

D  ANS and the PNS.

E  PNS and the CNS.

A  homologous.

B  none of these

C  analogous.

D  convergent.

A  case studies.

B  unethical.

C  quasiexperiments.

D  true experiments.

E  randomized experiments.

A  the Wolffian system.

B  the female sex ducts.

C  testes.

D  the frenulum.

E  ovaries.

A  NOT involve anhedonia.

B  be triggered by an obvious traumatic event.

C  involve a suicide attempt.

D  last less than 2 weeks.

E  last more than 2 weeks.

A  autoreceptors.

B  D2 receptors.

C  D1 receptors.

D  glutamate receptors.

E  dopamine.

A  in the parietal cortex.

B  none of these

C  in the lateral fissure.

D  all of these

E  adjacent to SI.

A  MRI

B  fMRI

C  PET

D  CT

E  MEG

A  EEG

B  PET

C  CT

D  functional MRI

E  angiography

A  closed-head injuries of sudden onset.

B  cancerous brain tumors of sudden onset.

C  cerebrovascular disorders of sudden onset.

D  brain infarcts.

A  norepinephrine.

B  acetylcholine.

C  serotonin.

D  L-dopa.

E  dopamine.

A  all of these

B  attacks young adults.

C  is a disease of CNS myelin.

D  is associated with the development of areas of scar tissue in the CNS white matter.

E  is a progressive disorder.

A  diencephalon.

B  mesencephalon.

C  metencephalon.

D  myelencephalon.

E  telencephalon.

A  daughter cells.

B  ectodermal cells.

C  embryonic stem cells.

D  zygotes.

E  multipolar cells.

A  BDNF is localized in the prefrontal lobes.

B  treatments that improve depression increase BDNF.

C  it plays an important role in mental health.

D  regeneration is not possible without it.

E  women have twice as much as men.

A  slowly adapting cutaneous receptor.

B  free nerve ending.

C  fast adapting cutaneous receptor.

D  none of these

A  lateral ventricles.

B  all of these

C  central canal.

D  subarachnoid space.

E  none of these

A  hyperpolarizes rods.

B  depolarizes cones.

C  depolarizes rods.

D  opens sodium channels.

E  opens potassium channels.

A  dihydrotestosterone

B  aromatization

C  dimorphic

D  alpha fetoprotein

E  cholesterol

A  MPTP.

B  absence epilepsy.

C  multiple sclerosis.

D  human epileptogenesis.

E  Parkinson’s disease.

A  neuropeptides.

B  dopamine.

C  acetylcholine.

D  glutamate.

E  small-molecule neurotransmitters.

A  lateral inhibition.

B  color constancy.

C  the Mach band demonstration.

D  the cocktail sausage demonstration.

E  the complementary color afterimage demonstration.

A  cochlea

B  vestibular nucleus

C  ossicles

D  basilar membrane

E  semicircular canals

A  retinotopically.

B  from top to bottom.

C  on the basis of wavelength.

D  from left to right.

E  ipsilaterally.

A  the locus of control is often shifted to lower levels of the sensorimotor hierarchy.

B  individual responses are often integrated into continuous motor programs.

C  all of these

D  the locus of control is often shifted from conscious to unconscious control mechanisms.

A  rapid

B  axonal

C  tangential

D  circuitous

E  intermediate

A  Cochlea

B  Hypothalamus

C  Hippocampus

D  Ruffini Ending

A  inability to precisely control the direction, force, velocity, and amplitude of movements.

B  difficulty in maintaining steady postures.

C  severe disturbances of balance, gait, speech, and eye movement.

D  all of these

E  inability to adapt patterns of motor output to changing conditions.

A  from top to bottom.

B  from left to right.

C  ipsilaterally.

D  retinotopically.

E  on the basis of wavelength.

A  peripheral nervous system.

B  neural tube.

C  circulatory system of the brain.

D  ventricular system.

E  cortex.

A  12

B  8

C  16

D  700

E  4

A  all of these

B  reticular formation.

C  none of these

D  tectum.

E  vestibular nuclei.

A  parts of the autonomic nervous system.

B  meninges.

C  neuroglia.

D  neurons.

E  myelin.

A  sexual dimorphism

B  estrous cycle

C  anabolic steroids

D  John Money

E  Kluver-Bucy syndrome

A  cognitive behavior.

B  biopsychology.

C  behavioral psychology.

D  neuroscience.

E  neurophysiology.

A  None of these

B  most drugs used to treat depression are monoamine antagonists.

C  depressed people have high levels of monoamines.

D  most drugs used to treat depression are monoamine agonists.

E  depressed people have low levels of monoamines.

A  increase their sex drive.

B  increase their muscularity.

C  enable them to achieve an erection.

D  eliminate their sterility.

E  render them potent.

A  None of these

B  all of these

C  Integrates and coordinates the activity of sensorimotor structures.

D  Initiates movement.

E  Regulates movement.

A  psychopharmacology

B  physiological psychology

C  clinical psychology

D  neuropsychology

E  psychophysiology

A  ligand-activated ion channels.

B  voltage-activated ion channels.

C  myelin.

D  EPSPs.

E  nodes of Ranvier.

A  dots of light.

B  circles.

C  straight lines.

D  contrast.

E  movement.

A  duplexity.

B  rods.

C  the photopic system.

D  rhodopsin.

E  the scotopic system.

A  autonomic nervous system

B  somatic nervous system

C  cranial nerves

D  parasympathetic nervous system

E  sympathetic nervous system

A  the degree of depolarization on the axon adjacent to the hillock exceeds the threshold of excitation.

B  there is an EPSP.

C  there is an IPSP.

D  its buttons are stimulated.

E  its sodium-potassium pumps are stimulated.

A  a Wolffian system.

B  ovaries.

C  a Müllerian system.

D  testes.

E  the penis.

A  great cerebral commissure.

B  brain.

C  cerebral hemispheres.

D  cerebellum.

E  all of these

A  “summation.”

B  “all-or-none.”

C  “release.”

D  “firing.”

E  “activation.”

A  periaqueductal gray.

B  superior colliculi.

C  substantia nigra.

D  cerebral aqueduct.

E  red nucleus.

A  applied research.

B  case-study research.

C  correlational research.

D  pure research.

E  biopsychological research.

A  occipital cortex.

B  prefrontal cortex.

C  amygdala.

D  hippocampus.

E  hypothalamus.

A  have opposable thumbs that are not useful for precise manipulation.

B  do not have tails.

C  cannot walk upright for short distances.

D  do not have opposable thumbs.

E  have tails.

A  on-center or off-center cells.

B  complex cells or hypercomplex cells.

C  hypercomplex cells.

D  type A or type B cells.

E  simple cells or complex cells.

A  occurs automatically even if testosterone is present in large amounts.

B  can be blocked by hormones but is not stimulated by them.

C  is stimulated by a high ratio of estrogens to androgens.

D  is stimulated by a high ratio of androgens to estrogens.

E  occurs automatically unless testosterone is present.

A  nociceptive stimuli.

B  none of these

C  mechanical stimuli.

D  thermal stimuli.

E  all of these

A  necrotic.

B  all of these

C  apoptotic.

D  passive.

E  none of these

A  EEG

B  PET

C  angiography

D  CT

E  MRI

A  focus the output of each neuron on fewer postsynaptic cells.

B  increase the number of synapses.

C  increase the ratio of axosomatic synapses to axodendritic synapses.

D  increase the number of synaptic contacts received by each neuron.

E  increase the number of different target cells innervated by each neuron.

A  cerebellum.

B  parietal cortex.

C  structures of the medial temporal lobes.

D  hypothalamus.

E  basal ganglia.