Midterm 1

A  pillow lava

B  shield volcano

C  composite cone

D  cinder cone

A  pillow lava

B  lava tube

C  pahoehoe flow

D  pyroclastic material

A  Resistance to flow. Magma has a higher viscosity if it has a higher temperature, is rich in silica, and contains very few dissolved gases.

B  The ease of flow. Magma has a higher viscosity if it has a lower temperature, is rich in silica, and contains a high abundance of dissolved gases.

C  Resistance to flow. Magma has a higher viscosity if it has a lower temperature, is rich in silica, and contains very few dissolved gases.

D  The ease of flow. Magma has a higher viscosity if it has a higher temperature, is poor in silica, and contains a high amount dissolved gases.

A  silicon

B  carbon

C  iron

D  sodium

E  calcium

A  Aluminum

B  Carbon

C  Silicon

D  Iron

A  False

B  True

A  streak

B  color

C  luster

D  hardness on the Mohs scale

A  basalt

B  magma

C  quartz

D  lava

A  Basalt

B  Ice

C  Granite

D  Glass

A  They are only present in igneous rocks

B  They have to be naturally occuring

C  They can be liquid

D  They must have high economic value

A  Plate B will subduct because it is warmer

B  Plate A will subduct because it is warmer

C  Plate B will subduct because it is more dense

D  Plate A will subduct because it is less dense

A  core

B  ocean water

C  mantle

D  crust

A  The Sun

B  The Moon

C  The Earth’s core

D  The Earth’s crust

A  every 50,000 to 100,000 years

B  every 100,000 to several million years

C  every 1,000 to 10,000 years

D  every 10,000 to 50,000 years

A  the supercontinent that existed after the Pangaean ocean formed

B  the ocean that formed as Pangaea began to break apart

C  the single ocean that existed after the Pangaean supercontinent formed

D  the northern half of Pangaea that formed after Pangaea began to break apart

A  water

B  oxygen gas

C  living organisms

D  silicate minerals

A  all three of the answers

B  convergent plate boundary

C  hot spot

D  divergent plate boundary

A  Convection

B  Seafloor spreading

C  Melting

D  Subduction

A  limestone; olivine

B  basalt; granite

C  granite; basalt

D  olivine; gabbro

A  The Earth would decrease in volume.

B  The Earth would increase in mass.

C  The Earth would decrease in mass.

D  The Earth would increase in volume.

A  The crust is part of the lithosphere.

B  The lithosphere is part of the crust.

C  The crust is a special type of lithosphere.

D  The lithosphere is a special type of crust.

A  below Earth’s surface, near the core

B  below Earth’s surface, in the upper mantle

C  below the asthenosphere

D  at Earth’s surface

A  the evidence of past isthmian links which allowed land animals to reach other landmasses across the ocean

B  the presence of Glossopterison fossils on five different continents

C  the distribution of coal from tropical swamps of the past among North America, Europe, northern Africa, and Asia

D  the apparent jigsaw-like fit of continents together, as in the case of South America and Africa

A  extrusive igneous rocks

B  intrusive igneous rocks

C  metamorphic rocks

D  sedimentary rocks

A  Magma has a lower temperature than lava

B  There is no difference between them

C  Magma is located above the surface, lava is located below the surface

D  Magma is located below the surface, lava is located above the surface

A  Subduction

B  Erosion

C  Formation of new igneous rocks

D  Volcanic eruptions

A  outer core

B  mantle

C  inner core

D  crust

A  crust

B  lower mantle

C  upper mantle

D  inner core

E  outer core

A  silicon and oxygen

B  carbon and oxygen

C  hydrogen and helium

D  iron and nickel

A  iron and nickel

B  oxygen and silicon

C  hydrogen and helium

D  carbon and oxygen

A  the sun and heat inside the Earth

B  the Earth’s orbit around the sun and its rotation

C  the sun and Jupiter

D  the Earth’s rotation and the Moon

A  1 hour

B  1 month

C  1 day

D  10 minutes

A  plutonism

B  uniformitarianism

C  plate tectonics

D  catastrophism

A  stagnant

B  inhabited by humans

C  changing

D  crystalline

A  True

B  False

A  lithosphere; mesosphere

B  mantle; crust

C  lithosphere; asthenosphere

D  asthenosphere; lithosphere

A  a human’s fingernail grows

B  a human can run

C  a snail crawls

D  a human can walk

A  convergent; oceanic; divergent

B  convergent; continental; divergent

C  divergent; continental; convergent

D  divergent; oceanic; convergent

A  transform plate boundary

B  sea level rising

C  convergent plate boundary

D  divergent plate boundary

A  theories

B  observations

C  hypotheses

D  guesses

A  observation

B  hypothesis

C  theory formation

D  testing