Midterm 1

A  composite cone

B  shield volcano

C  cinder cone

D  pillow lava

A  pyroclastic material

B  lava tube

C  pahoehoe flow

D  pillow lava

A  Resistance to flow. Magma has a higher viscosity if it has a higher temperature, is rich in silica, and contains very few dissolved gases.

B  Resistance to flow. Magma has a higher viscosity if it has a lower temperature, is rich in silica, and contains very few dissolved gases.

C  The ease of flow. Magma has a higher viscosity if it has a lower temperature, is rich in silica, and contains a high abundance of dissolved gases.

D  The ease of flow. Magma has a higher viscosity if it has a higher temperature, is poor in silica, and contains a high amount dissolved gases.

A  sodium

B  carbon

C  iron

D  silicon

E  calcium

A  Silicon

B  Aluminum

C  Carbon

D  Iron

A  True

B  False

A  color

B  streak

C  hardness on the Mohs scale

D  luster

A  lava

B  magma

C  quartz

D  basalt

A  Glass

B  Granite

C  Basalt

D  Ice

A  They can be liquid

B  They must have high economic value

C  They are only present in igneous rocks

D  They have to be naturally occuring

A  Plate B will subduct because it is warmer

B  Plate A will subduct because it is warmer

C  Plate A will subduct because it is less dense

D  Plate B will subduct because it is more dense

A  crust

B  core

C  ocean water

D  mantle

A  The Earth’s core

B  The Earth’s crust

C  The Sun

D  The Moon

A  every 100,000 to several million years

B  every 50,000 to 100,000 years

C  every 1,000 to 10,000 years

D  every 10,000 to 50,000 years

A  the supercontinent that existed after the Pangaean ocean formed

B  the ocean that formed as Pangaea began to break apart

C  the single ocean that existed after the Pangaean supercontinent formed

D  the northern half of Pangaea that formed after Pangaea began to break apart

A  oxygen gas

B  silicate minerals

C  water

D  living organisms

A  divergent plate boundary

B  hot spot

C  all three of the answers

D  convergent plate boundary

A  Melting

B  Subduction

C  Seafloor spreading

D  Convection

A  basalt; granite

B  limestone; olivine

C  olivine; gabbro

D  granite; basalt

A  The Earth would increase in mass.

B  The Earth would increase in volume.

C  The Earth would decrease in mass.

D  The Earth would decrease in volume.

A  The crust is part of the lithosphere.

B  The crust is a special type of lithosphere.

C  The lithosphere is part of the crust.

D  The lithosphere is a special type of crust.

A  below Earth’s surface, in the upper mantle

B  below Earth’s surface, near the core

C  at Earth’s surface

D  below the asthenosphere

A  the apparent jigsaw-like fit of continents together, as in the case of South America and Africa

B  the distribution of coal from tropical swamps of the past among North America, Europe, northern Africa, and Asia

C  the evidence of past isthmian links which allowed land animals to reach other landmasses across the ocean

D  the presence of Glossopterison fossils on five different continents

A  metamorphic rocks

B  extrusive igneous rocks

C  sedimentary rocks

D  intrusive igneous rocks

A  There is no difference between them

B  Magma has a lower temperature than lava

C  Magma is located below the surface, lava is located above the surface

D  Magma is located above the surface, lava is located below the surface

A  Formation of new igneous rocks

B  Volcanic eruptions

C  Erosion

D  Subduction

A  outer core

B  crust

C  inner core

D  mantle

A  lower mantle

B  upper mantle

C  inner core

D  outer core

E  crust

A  iron and nickel

B  silicon and oxygen

C  carbon and oxygen

D  hydrogen and helium

A  oxygen and silicon

B  iron and nickel

C  hydrogen and helium

D  carbon and oxygen

A  the sun and heat inside the Earth

B  the Earth’s rotation and the Moon

C  the sun and Jupiter

D  the Earth’s orbit around the sun and its rotation

A  1 hour

B  10 minutes

C  1 month

D  1 day

A  catastrophism

B  uniformitarianism

C  plate tectonics

D  plutonism

A  changing

B  stagnant

C  crystalline

D  inhabited by humans

A  False

B  True

A  lithosphere; mesosphere

B  lithosphere; asthenosphere

C  mantle; crust

D  asthenosphere; lithosphere

A  a human can walk

B  a snail crawls

C  a human can run

D  a human’s fingernail grows

A  convergent; continental; divergent

B  divergent; oceanic; convergent

C  divergent; continental; convergent

D  convergent; oceanic; divergent

A  transform plate boundary

B  divergent plate boundary

C  sea level rising

D  convergent plate boundary

A  observations

B  hypotheses

C  guesses

D  theories

A  hypothesis

B  theory formation

C  observation

D  testing