Midterm 1

A  pillow lava

B  shield volcano

C  composite cone

D  cinder cone

A  lava tube

B  pahoehoe flow

C  pyroclastic material

D  pillow lava

A  The ease of flow. Magma has a higher viscosity if it has a lower temperature, is rich in silica, and contains a high abundance of dissolved gases.

B  The ease of flow. Magma has a higher viscosity if it has a higher temperature, is poor in silica, and contains a high amount dissolved gases.

C  Resistance to flow. Magma has a higher viscosity if it has a lower temperature, is rich in silica, and contains very few dissolved gases.

D  Resistance to flow. Magma has a higher viscosity if it has a higher temperature, is rich in silica, and contains very few dissolved gases.

A  carbon

B  calcium

C  silicon

D  sodium

E  iron

A  Silicon

B  Aluminum

C  Iron

D  Carbon

A  False

B  True

A  luster

B  streak

C  color

D  hardness on the Mohs scale

A  magma

B  lava

C  quartz

D  basalt

A  Ice

B  Basalt

C  Granite

D  Glass

A  They can be liquid

B  They must have high economic value

C  They have to be naturally occuring

D  They are only present in igneous rocks

A  Plate B will subduct because it is more dense

B  Plate A will subduct because it is less dense

C  Plate B will subduct because it is warmer

D  Plate A will subduct because it is warmer

A  core

B  ocean water

C  mantle

D  crust

A  The Sun

B  The Moon

C  The Earth’s core

D  The Earth’s crust

A  every 10,000 to 50,000 years

B  every 100,000 to several million years

C  every 50,000 to 100,000 years

D  every 1,000 to 10,000 years

A  the ocean that formed as Pangaea began to break apart

B  the single ocean that existed after the Pangaean supercontinent formed

C  the supercontinent that existed after the Pangaean ocean formed

D  the northern half of Pangaea that formed after Pangaea began to break apart

A  water

B  living organisms

C  oxygen gas

D  silicate minerals

A  divergent plate boundary

B  convergent plate boundary

C  hot spot

D  all three of the answers

A  Seafloor spreading

B  Melting

C  Subduction

D  Convection

A  olivine; gabbro

B  basalt; granite

C  granite; basalt

D  limestone; olivine

A  The Earth would increase in volume.

B  The Earth would decrease in volume.

C  The Earth would decrease in mass.

D  The Earth would increase in mass.

A  The crust is part of the lithosphere.

B  The crust is a special type of lithosphere.

C  The lithosphere is a special type of crust.

D  The lithosphere is part of the crust.

A  below Earth’s surface, near the core

B  at Earth’s surface

C  below Earth’s surface, in the upper mantle

D  below the asthenosphere

A  the apparent jigsaw-like fit of continents together, as in the case of South America and Africa

B  the presence of Glossopterison fossils on five different continents

C  the distribution of coal from tropical swamps of the past among North America, Europe, northern Africa, and Asia

D  the evidence of past isthmian links which allowed land animals to reach other landmasses across the ocean

A  extrusive igneous rocks

B  sedimentary rocks

C  intrusive igneous rocks

D  metamorphic rocks

A  There is no difference between them

B  Magma is located above the surface, lava is located below the surface

C  Magma is located below the surface, lava is located above the surface

D  Magma has a lower temperature than lava

A  Formation of new igneous rocks

B  Volcanic eruptions

C  Subduction

D  Erosion

A  inner core

B  outer core

C  mantle

D  crust

A  inner core

B  upper mantle

C  lower mantle

D  crust

E  outer core

A  carbon and oxygen

B  hydrogen and helium

C  iron and nickel

D  silicon and oxygen

A  iron and nickel

B  carbon and oxygen

C  oxygen and silicon

D  hydrogen and helium

A  the Earth’s rotation and the Moon

B  the Earth’s orbit around the sun and its rotation

C  the sun and Jupiter

D  the sun and heat inside the Earth

A  1 month

B  1 hour

C  10 minutes

D  1 day

A  plate tectonics

B  catastrophism

C  plutonism

D  uniformitarianism

A  changing

B  crystalline

C  inhabited by humans

D  stagnant

A  True

B  False

A  mantle; crust

B  lithosphere; asthenosphere

C  lithosphere; mesosphere

D  asthenosphere; lithosphere

A  a human’s fingernail grows

B  a snail crawls

C  a human can run

D  a human can walk

A  convergent; continental; divergent

B  divergent; oceanic; convergent

C  divergent; continental; convergent

D  convergent; oceanic; divergent

A  sea level rising

B  divergent plate boundary

C  transform plate boundary

D  convergent plate boundary

A  theories

B  guesses

C  observations

D  hypotheses

A  hypothesis

B  theory formation

C  testing

D  observation