Midterm 1

A  shield volcano

B  cinder cone

C  pillow lava

D  composite cone

A  pahoehoe flow

B  pillow lava

C  lava tube

D  pyroclastic material

A  Resistance to flow. Magma has a higher viscosity if it has a lower temperature, is rich in silica, and contains very few dissolved gases.

B  The ease of flow. Magma has a higher viscosity if it has a lower temperature, is rich in silica, and contains a high abundance of dissolved gases.

C  Resistance to flow. Magma has a higher viscosity if it has a higher temperature, is rich in silica, and contains very few dissolved gases.

D  The ease of flow. Magma has a higher viscosity if it has a higher temperature, is poor in silica, and contains a high amount dissolved gases.

A  sodium

B  silicon

C  calcium

D  carbon

E  iron

A  Iron

B  Silicon

C  Aluminum

D  Carbon

A  False

B  True

A  color

B  streak

C  luster

D  hardness on the Mohs scale

A  basalt

B  magma

C  quartz

D  lava

A  Ice

B  Glass

C  Granite

D  Basalt

A  They must have high economic value

B  They are only present in igneous rocks

C  They have to be naturally occuring

D  They can be liquid

A  Plate B will subduct because it is more dense

B  Plate B will subduct because it is warmer

C  Plate A will subduct because it is warmer

D  Plate A will subduct because it is less dense

A  core

B  crust

C  mantle

D  ocean water

A  The Earth’s crust

B  The Moon

C  The Earth’s core

D  The Sun

A  every 100,000 to several million years

B  every 10,000 to 50,000 years

C  every 50,000 to 100,000 years

D  every 1,000 to 10,000 years

A  the ocean that formed as Pangaea began to break apart

B  the supercontinent that existed after the Pangaean ocean formed

C  the single ocean that existed after the Pangaean supercontinent formed

D  the northern half of Pangaea that formed after Pangaea began to break apart

A  oxygen gas

B  living organisms

C  water

D  silicate minerals

A  divergent plate boundary

B  all three of the answers

C  convergent plate boundary

D  hot spot

A  Seafloor spreading

B  Subduction

C  Convection

D  Melting

A  granite; basalt

B  olivine; gabbro

C  limestone; olivine

D  basalt; granite

A  The Earth would increase in mass.

B  The Earth would increase in volume.

C  The Earth would decrease in volume.

D  The Earth would decrease in mass.

A  The lithosphere is part of the crust.

B  The crust is a special type of lithosphere.

C  The crust is part of the lithosphere.

D  The lithosphere is a special type of crust.

A  below Earth’s surface, in the upper mantle

B  below Earth’s surface, near the core

C  at Earth’s surface

D  below the asthenosphere

A  the apparent jigsaw-like fit of continents together, as in the case of South America and Africa

B  the evidence of past isthmian links which allowed land animals to reach other landmasses across the ocean

C  the distribution of coal from tropical swamps of the past among North America, Europe, northern Africa, and Asia

D  the presence of Glossopterison fossils on five different continents

A  extrusive igneous rocks

B  intrusive igneous rocks

C  metamorphic rocks

D  sedimentary rocks

A  Magma has a lower temperature than lava

B  There is no difference between them

C  Magma is located above the surface, lava is located below the surface

D  Magma is located below the surface, lava is located above the surface

A  Erosion

B  Formation of new igneous rocks

C  Subduction

D  Volcanic eruptions

A  outer core

B  crust

C  mantle

D  inner core

A  inner core

B  lower mantle

C  outer core

D  upper mantle

E  crust

A  carbon and oxygen

B  hydrogen and helium

C  silicon and oxygen

D  iron and nickel

A  iron and nickel

B  hydrogen and helium

C  oxygen and silicon

D  carbon and oxygen

A  the Earth’s rotation and the Moon

B  the sun and Jupiter

C  the Earth’s orbit around the sun and its rotation

D  the sun and heat inside the Earth

A  10 minutes

B  1 day

C  1 hour

D  1 month

A  catastrophism

B  plate tectonics

C  uniformitarianism

D  plutonism

A  stagnant

B  crystalline

C  inhabited by humans

D  changing

A  False

B  True

A  lithosphere; mesosphere

B  mantle; crust

C  lithosphere; asthenosphere

D  asthenosphere; lithosphere

A  a human can walk

B  a human can run

C  a snail crawls

D  a human’s fingernail grows

A  divergent; continental; convergent

B  convergent; oceanic; divergent

C  convergent; continental; divergent

D  divergent; oceanic; convergent

A  divergent plate boundary

B  transform plate boundary

C  convergent plate boundary

D  sea level rising

A  hypotheses

B  theories

C  guesses

D  observations

A  testing

B  observation

C  theory formation

D  hypothesis