Midterm 1

A  composite cone

B  pillow lava

C  cinder cone

D  shield volcano

A  pillow lava

B  pyroclastic material

C  pahoehoe flow

D  lava tube

A  Resistance to flow. Magma has a higher viscosity if it has a lower temperature, is rich in silica, and contains very few dissolved gases.

B  The ease of flow. Magma has a higher viscosity if it has a higher temperature, is poor in silica, and contains a high amount dissolved gases.

C  Resistance to flow. Magma has a higher viscosity if it has a higher temperature, is rich in silica, and contains very few dissolved gases.

D  The ease of flow. Magma has a higher viscosity if it has a lower temperature, is rich in silica, and contains a high abundance of dissolved gases.

A  iron

B  carbon

C  sodium

D  calcium

E  silicon

A  Silicon

B  Aluminum

C  Iron

D  Carbon

A  False

B  True

A  luster

B  color

C  hardness on the Mohs scale

D  streak

A  lava

B  quartz

C  magma

D  basalt

A  Ice

B  Basalt

C  Glass

D  Granite

A  They have to be naturally occuring

B  They must have high economic value

C  They can be liquid

D  They are only present in igneous rocks

A  Plate A will subduct because it is warmer

B  Plate A will subduct because it is less dense

C  Plate B will subduct because it is warmer

D  Plate B will subduct because it is more dense

A  ocean water

B  mantle

C  core

D  crust

A  The Earth’s crust

B  The Sun

C  The Moon

D  The Earth’s core

A  every 100,000 to several million years

B  every 1,000 to 10,000 years

C  every 50,000 to 100,000 years

D  every 10,000 to 50,000 years

A  the supercontinent that existed after the Pangaean ocean formed

B  the single ocean that existed after the Pangaean supercontinent formed

C  the ocean that formed as Pangaea began to break apart

D  the northern half of Pangaea that formed after Pangaea began to break apart

A  oxygen gas

B  silicate minerals

C  water

D  living organisms

A  divergent plate boundary

B  all three of the answers

C  convergent plate boundary

D  hot spot

A  Seafloor spreading

B  Melting

C  Subduction

D  Convection

A  limestone; olivine

B  basalt; granite

C  granite; basalt

D  olivine; gabbro

A  The Earth would decrease in volume.

B  The Earth would increase in volume.

C  The Earth would decrease in mass.

D  The Earth would increase in mass.

A  The crust is part of the lithosphere.

B  The lithosphere is a special type of crust.

C  The crust is a special type of lithosphere.

D  The lithosphere is part of the crust.

A  below Earth’s surface, in the upper mantle

B  below Earth’s surface, near the core

C  at Earth’s surface

D  below the asthenosphere

A  the presence of Glossopterison fossils on five different continents

B  the apparent jigsaw-like fit of continents together, as in the case of South America and Africa

C  the evidence of past isthmian links which allowed land animals to reach other landmasses across the ocean

D  the distribution of coal from tropical swamps of the past among North America, Europe, northern Africa, and Asia

A  extrusive igneous rocks

B  sedimentary rocks

C  metamorphic rocks

D  intrusive igneous rocks

A  There is no difference between them

B  Magma is located below the surface, lava is located above the surface

C  Magma has a lower temperature than lava

D  Magma is located above the surface, lava is located below the surface

A  Formation of new igneous rocks

B  Subduction

C  Erosion

D  Volcanic eruptions

A  inner core

B  crust

C  outer core

D  mantle

A  crust

B  inner core

C  lower mantle

D  upper mantle

E  outer core

A  hydrogen and helium

B  carbon and oxygen

C  silicon and oxygen

D  iron and nickel

A  hydrogen and helium

B  iron and nickel

C  carbon and oxygen

D  oxygen and silicon

A  the sun and Jupiter

B  the Earth’s orbit around the sun and its rotation

C  the sun and heat inside the Earth

D  the Earth’s rotation and the Moon

A  1 month

B  1 day

C  10 minutes

D  1 hour

A  plate tectonics

B  plutonism

C  uniformitarianism

D  catastrophism

A  changing

B  inhabited by humans

C  stagnant

D  crystalline

A  False

B  True

A  asthenosphere; lithosphere

B  lithosphere; asthenosphere

C  lithosphere; mesosphere

D  mantle; crust

A  a human can run

B  a human can walk

C  a human’s fingernail grows

D  a snail crawls

A  divergent; continental; convergent

B  divergent; oceanic; convergent

C  convergent; oceanic; divergent

D  convergent; continental; divergent

A  sea level rising

B  divergent plate boundary

C  transform plate boundary

D  convergent plate boundary

A  theories

B  hypotheses

C  observations

D  guesses

A  observation

B  hypothesis

C  testing

D  theory formation