Midterm 1

A  composite cone

B  pillow lava

C  shield volcano

D  cinder cone

A  pillow lava

B  lava tube

C  pyroclastic material

D  pahoehoe flow

A  The ease of flow. Magma has a higher viscosity if it has a lower temperature, is rich in silica, and contains a high abundance of dissolved gases.

B  The ease of flow. Magma has a higher viscosity if it has a higher temperature, is poor in silica, and contains a high amount dissolved gases.

C  Resistance to flow. Magma has a higher viscosity if it has a higher temperature, is rich in silica, and contains very few dissolved gases.

D  Resistance to flow. Magma has a higher viscosity if it has a lower temperature, is rich in silica, and contains very few dissolved gases.

A  carbon

B  silicon

C  calcium

D  sodium

E  iron

A  Aluminum

B  Iron

C  Carbon

D  Silicon

A  True

B  False

A  hardness on the Mohs scale

B  streak

C  color

D  luster

A  magma

B  quartz

C  lava

D  basalt

A  Glass

B  Ice

C  Granite

D  Basalt

A  They have to be naturally occuring

B  They are only present in igneous rocks

C  They must have high economic value

D  They can be liquid

A  Plate B will subduct because it is more dense

B  Plate A will subduct because it is warmer

C  Plate B will subduct because it is warmer

D  Plate A will subduct because it is less dense

A  core

B  ocean water

C  crust

D  mantle

A  The Earth’s core

B  The Moon

C  The Sun

D  The Earth’s crust

A  every 1,000 to 10,000 years

B  every 50,000 to 100,000 years

C  every 10,000 to 50,000 years

D  every 100,000 to several million years

A  the single ocean that existed after the Pangaean supercontinent formed

B  the ocean that formed as Pangaea began to break apart

C  the supercontinent that existed after the Pangaean ocean formed

D  the northern half of Pangaea that formed after Pangaea began to break apart

A  water

B  silicate minerals

C  living organisms

D  oxygen gas

A  divergent plate boundary

B  convergent plate boundary

C  hot spot

D  all three of the answers

A  Subduction

B  Convection

C  Seafloor spreading

D  Melting

A  granite; basalt

B  limestone; olivine

C  basalt; granite

D  olivine; gabbro

A  The Earth would increase in mass.

B  The Earth would increase in volume.

C  The Earth would decrease in mass.

D  The Earth would decrease in volume.

A  The lithosphere is a special type of crust.

B  The crust is part of the lithosphere.

C  The lithosphere is part of the crust.

D  The crust is a special type of lithosphere.

A  below Earth’s surface, in the upper mantle

B  at Earth’s surface

C  below the asthenosphere

D  below Earth’s surface, near the core

A  the evidence of past isthmian links which allowed land animals to reach other landmasses across the ocean

B  the apparent jigsaw-like fit of continents together, as in the case of South America and Africa

C  the distribution of coal from tropical swamps of the past among North America, Europe, northern Africa, and Asia

D  the presence of Glossopterison fossils on five different continents

A  sedimentary rocks

B  metamorphic rocks

C  intrusive igneous rocks

D  extrusive igneous rocks

A  Magma is located below the surface, lava is located above the surface

B  Magma is located above the surface, lava is located below the surface

C  Magma has a lower temperature than lava

D  There is no difference between them

A  Volcanic eruptions

B  Subduction

C  Formation of new igneous rocks

D  Erosion

A  crust

B  inner core

C  outer core

D  mantle

A  crust

B  lower mantle

C  upper mantle

D  outer core

E  inner core

A  silicon and oxygen

B  iron and nickel

C  hydrogen and helium

D  carbon and oxygen

A  hydrogen and helium

B  carbon and oxygen

C  iron and nickel

D  oxygen and silicon

A  the Earth’s rotation and the Moon

B  the sun and heat inside the Earth

C  the Earth’s orbit around the sun and its rotation

D  the sun and Jupiter

A  10 minutes

B  1 day

C  1 month

D  1 hour

A  uniformitarianism

B  plate tectonics

C  plutonism

D  catastrophism

A  crystalline

B  inhabited by humans

C  changing

D  stagnant

A  False

B  True

A  lithosphere; mesosphere

B  mantle; crust

C  lithosphere; asthenosphere

D  asthenosphere; lithosphere

A  a snail crawls

B  a human can walk

C  a human’s fingernail grows

D  a human can run

A  divergent; continental; convergent

B  divergent; oceanic; convergent

C  convergent; oceanic; divergent

D  convergent; continental; divergent

A  sea level rising

B  transform plate boundary

C  divergent plate boundary

D  convergent plate boundary

A  theories

B  hypotheses

C  observations

D  guesses

A  theory formation

B  observation

C  testing

D  hypothesis