Final Exam

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Question #1

Which is an example of coastal upwelling affecting weather onshore?

A A warm-water pool accumulates and warm moist air rises, inducing rainfall.

B Dry, cold air is transported from the north, inducing drought conditions.

C Cold water is brought to the surface that chills the air above, inducing cool, wet weather.

D Cold water is transported away from the shore causing abnormally high temperatures.

E Southerly winds bring warm temperatures and dry weather.

Question #2

What changes are caused by the El Niño Southern Oscillation in the Pacific Ocean?

A Trade winds blow from west to east.

B Low pressure builds in the western Pacific.

C High pressure builds in the eastern Pacific.

D Equatorial currents move faster.

E Trade winds blow from east to west.

Question #3

Why is humid air less dense than dry air?

A Molecules of water vapor have less mass than the displaced nitrogen and oxygen.

B Molecular movement of water vapor occupies less space than dry air.

C Molecules of water vapor have more mass than the displaced nitrogen and oxygen.

D Molecular movement of water vapor occupies more space than dry air.

E Water vapor molecules are more compressed than dry air molecules.

Question #4

What causes a decrease in oxygen levels beyond the sunlit layer?

A There are fewer animals present

B The by-products of photosynthesis

C The respiration of marine animals and bacteria

D Decreased saturation because of cooler water

E Mineral precipitation

Question #5

What type of water mass dissolves a higher concentration of gases?

A temperate water masses

B equatorial water masses

C polar water masses

D tropical water masses

E subtropical water masses

Question #6

The solar heating of Earth varies with ____ and ____.

A longitude; latitude

B seasons; latitude

C seasons; longitude

D winds; convection

E winds; reflection

Question #7

Which area receives the least amount of solar energy on Earth?

A equatorial regions

B temperate regions

C mid-latitudes

D tropical regions

E polar regions

Question #8

The concentration of ____ increases with depth, causing an increase in ocean acidity and influencing the calcite compensation depth.

A carbon dioxide

B oxygen

C ammonia

D my mind

E nitrogen

Question #9

During a change in state of water, which is true?

A As heat is removed, density stays the same.

B As temperature increases, heat stays the same.

C As heat is applied (or removed), temperature stays the same.

D As temperature increases, density stays the same.

E As heat is applied, temperature increases (or as heat is removed, temperature decreases).

Question #10

Ice is effective at cooling drinks because of the ____.

A diffusion of heat energy

B latent heat of vaporization

C sensible heat loss of water

D heat capacity of water

E latent heat of fusion

Question #11

What property of water is responsible for the amount of time it takes for water to reach the boiling point?

A density

B adhesion

C surface tension

D heat capacity

E capillary rise

Question #12

What is true of density, salinity, and temperature?

A Both temperature and salinity decrease with depth.

B Only one combination of temperature and salinity can yield a given density.

C Many combinations of temperature and salinity can yield the same density.

D Water masses of the same density will not combine.

E Density of water tends to decrease with depth.

Question #13

What describes the theoretical direction of Ekman transport in the Southern Hemisphere?

A 45° to the right of wind direction

B 45° to the left of wind direction

C 90° to the right of wind direction

D In the same direction as the wind

E 90° to the left of wind direction

Question #14

Active margins are also referred to as

A Atlantic-type margins

B Fracture zones

C Pacific-type margins

D Hot spots

E Spreading centers

Question #15

Where on the seafloor would you expect to find the thickest piles of sediment?

A In a deep ocean trench

B Along the continental margin

C At a mid-ocean ridge

D In a submarine canyon

E Around hot spot volcanoes

Question #16

As sediment accumulates in a continental margin, how will isostatic forces cause Earth’s crust behave?

A It will grow thicker

B It will be uplifted

C It will spread out

D It will subside

E It will stay the same

Question #17

Which condition is necessary for a planet to have a permanent liquid ocean?

A Low gravity

B Optimum distance from a star

C Few moons

D Perfectly spherical orbit

E Toxic atmosphere

Question #18

Only 10% of the energy is passed along from one trophic level to the next.

A True

B False

Question #19

El Nino events occur roughly every 4 to 7 years due to a reversal of Pacific trade winds.

A True

B False

Question #20

The seafloor is oldest at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

A False

B True

Question #21

The construction of jetties, groins or breakwaters interrupts the longshore current.

A True

B False

Question #22

An eastern boundary current is slower and colder than a western boundary current.

A True

B False

Question #23

In one hour, the Earth rotates through 15 degrees.

A True

B False

Question #24

Land has a greater heat capacity than water.

A True

B False

Question #25

The average salinity of the world’s ocean in about 3.5%

A False

B True

Question #26

Lines of latitude are parallel to one another.

A True

B False

Question #27

During an ice age, sea level would have been relatively lower than it is today.

A True

B False

Question #28

Petroleum most likely formed from which organic substrate?

A Whale falls

B Sea grasses

C Fossilized fish

D Water column debris

E Planktonic organisms and bacteria

Question #29

What is a major product of combustion for all hydrocarbons?

A hydrogen

B carbon dioxide

C nitrogen

D nitrous oxide

E oxygen

Question #30

What is an example of symbiosis?

A succession

B carrying capacity

C commensalism

D progression

E environmental resistance

Question #31

Which area is most likely to have the most populous and diverse community of organisms?

A surface of temperate ocean

B deep ocean

C intertidal zone

D surface of a polar ocean

E cobble beaches

Question #32

Which of the following is a ring-shaped island of coral?

A Fringing reef

B Mangrove

C Drumlin

D Barrier reef

E Atoll

Question #33

What type of tidal patterns exists on the west coast of the United States, which receives two high tides and two low tides of varying heights per day?

A semidiurnal mixed tides

B diurnal tides

C spring tides

D semidiurnal tides

E neap tides

Question #34

How fast does a wave with wavelength of 20 meters and period of 20 seconds travel?

A 10 meters per second

B 400 meters per second

C 20 meters per second

D 1 meter per second

E There is not enough information to tell

Question #35

What is true about the Coriolis effect?

A It is strongest near the equator.

B It causes cold-core eddies in the Northern Hemisphere to rotate clockwise.

C It causes the peak of the “hill” in the center of the gyre to be steeper on the eastern side.

D It is absent at the equator.

E It causes Northern Hemisphere surface currents to flow to the left of the wind direction.

Question #36

An air mass pausing above a warm ocean surface will have what characteristics?

A Warm, humid air with zones of low pressure

B Warm, humid air with zones of high pressure

C Warm, dry air with zones of high pressure

D Cold, dry air with zones of high pressure

E Cold, dry air with zones of low pressure

Question #37

Why can seawater hold many times more carbon dioxide than either nitrogen or oxygen at saturation?

A Carbon dioxide is more reactive.

B Carbon dioxide combines chemically with water to form carbonic acid.

C Carbon dioxide is used in mineral formation.

D Carbon dioxide is used by plankton for energy

E Carbon dioxide is not used in photosynthesis.

Question #38

An abundance of foraminifera shells would be described as what type of sediment?

A calcareous ooze

B diatomaceous earth

C turbidic sediment

D evaporitic sediment

E siliceous ooze

Question #39

What process gives trenches their unique arc-shaped depressions?

A Spreading

B Volcanic eruptions

C Turbidity

D Erosion

E Subduction

Question #40

As mountains erode, how will isostatic forces cause Earth’s crust beneath the mountain to behave?

A Spread out

B Rise

C Subduct

D Sink

E Stay the same

Question #41

Which extreme environment may have favored the origin of life on Earth?

A polar sea ice

B estuarine bays

C hydrothermal vents

D rainforest sediments

Question #42

What is the prevailing wind direction at a latitude of 30 degrees North?

A Ascending up into the atmosphere

B From east to west

C From north to south

D From west to east

E Descending down to land surface

Question #43

Match the appropriate plate boundary.Trenches

A Convergent plate boundary

B Transform plate boudary

C Divergent plate boundary

Question #44

Match the appropriate plate boundary.Seafloor spreading

A Divergent plate boundary

B Transform plate boudary

C Convergent plate boundary

Question #45

Match the appropriate plate boundary.Magnetic “stripes” on the seafloor

A Convergent plate boundary

B Transform plate boudary

C Divergent plate boundary

Question #46

Match the appropriate plate boundary. Fracture zones

A Convergent plate boundary

B Divergent plate boundary

C Transform plate boudary

Question #47

Match the appropriate plate boundary. Island arc

A Transform plate boudary

B Divergent plate boundary

C Convergent plate boundary

Question #48

Which of the following statements about coastal waters is CORRECT?

A Coastal waters serve as nursery grounds for many species that inhabit the open ocean.

B Coastal waters receive land-derived pollutants after they pass through the open ocean.

C Coastal waters are of minor importance for shipping because they traverse the open ocean.

D Coastal waters have limited opportunities for oil production and recreational activities.

E Coastal waters only support about 15% of the total mass of life in the oceans.

Question #49

Which of the following currents contributes to the South Eastern United States being humid?

A California Current

B Brazil Current

C Gulf Stream

D North Atlantic Current

E North Equatorial Current

Question #50

Which of the following powers tropical cyclones?

A The vast amounts of latent heat as water evaporates and condenses.

B An apparent force resulting from Earth’s rotation that causes particles in motion to be deflected.

C West Wind Drift

D A density-driven circulation that is initiated at the ocean surface by temperature and salinity.

E Heat transfer in a gas or liquid by the circulation of currents from one region to another.

Question #51

The strength of a hurricane stems from water’s ________.

A latent heat of sublimation

B latent heat of deposition

C latent heat of melting

D latent heat of condensation

E latent heat of fusion

Question #52

A tropical maritime air mass is likely to be ________.

A dry and cold

B wet and warm

C wet and cold

D not enough information to tell

E dry and warm

Question #53

A warming ocean will be able to hold _______ dissolved gases.

A the same

B more

C less

Question #54

The pycnocline develops primarily as a result of _____ temperature with depth.

A higher

B lower

C the same

Question #55

Solutes _____ the freezing point of water

A increase

B has no effect to

C lower

Question #56

Hydrogen bonds are about _____ % as strong as covalent bonds.

A 1 to 5

B 15 to 20

C 5 to 10

D 10 to 15

Question #57

Soil has a ______ heat capacity than water.

A the same

B lower

C higher

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