Week 3 Quiz.

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Question #1

Two ways that we interpret the feelings that arise, or empathy that occurs when we encounter another’s pain and suffering that are key to experiencing compassion are:

A Believing that we can fix the problem or remove the other person’s pain

B Seeing ourselves as not under threat and as capable of providing meaningful support

C Judging the other person as deserving and untrustworthy

D Seeing the feeling as a weakness and suppressing it

Question #2

Research on the neuroscience of parenting suggests that engaging caregiving circuits, which are repurposed to support all kinds of social bonds and interactions throughout life, is tied to a cascade of physiological processes that benefit health and well-being.

A False

B True

Question #3

Training in compassion has been shown to increase prefrontal upregulation of the dopamine pathway responses during compassion, which suggests that compassion training:

A Is more challenging for older adults

B Is addictive

C Makes people more selfish

D Makes generosity more rewarding

Question #4

One of the key components of compassion is to completely mirror, or take on the same emotional experience that the other suffering person is having, so that you feel the same way that they do.

A False

B True

Question #5

There is one specific structure in the brain that controls whether or not a person experiences compassion.

A False

B True

Question #6

The effects of Oxytocin on feelings of compassion are mediated by individual, contextual, and ___________ factors, such as whether or not another person is perceived to be part of one’s own in-group.

A Target

B Proximal

C Tribal

D Conflict

Question #7

According to the ____________, Oxytocin’s role is less about making us feel warm and fuzzy towards other people, and more about directing our attention to what is most important about other people.

A Social Salience Hypothesis

B Personality Theory

C Cuddle Hormone Theory

D Greek Philosophers

Question #8

Oxytocin can make it easier for people to experience compassion by:

A Increasing interpersonal trust

B Activating caregiving and nurturance motivation

C All of the answers are correct.

D Decreasing personal distress

Question #9

Better eye contact and accuracy in identifying emotional expressions, as well as increased trust and social appeal have all been associated with increased:

A Oxytocin function

B Post-Traumatic stress symptoms

C Personal distress

D Autistic tendency score

Question #10

According to early studies of Oxytocin in two subspecies of voles, its key function was to support:

A Monogamous pair-bonding

B Aggressive protection of territory

C Food sharing

D Warmth during hibernation

Question #11

The ______ ________ refers to the idea that one can exercise and practice prosocial states like compassion and affection to strengthen Vagal Tone, which equips and motivates people to invest more in positive and prosocial interactions, which further strengthens Vagal Tone and boosts overall well-being, and so on.

A Inward trend

B Upward Spiral

C Upbeat mode

D Proximal trait

Question #12

Studies show that participating in programs for increasing compassion strengthens Vagal Tone.

A False

B True

Question #13

Studies suggest that higher Vagal Tone:

A does not make any difference in behavior during adolescence

B predicts more self-consciousness during interactions with social groups

C is key to compassion in general, but not specific momentary experiences of compassion

D is tied to being better at regulating unpleasant emotional states

Question #14

According to Steve Porges’s Polyvagal theory, the Vagus Nerve’s multifaceted influence on the body orients people to:

A Communicate and cooperate with others

B All of the answers are correct.

C Seek proximity and affiliate with others

D Respond compassionately to other’s needs

Question #15

How is the strength of the influence of the Vagus Nerve on the body typically measured?

A All of the answers are correct.

B Through its primary parasympathetic influence on the heart

C As slower heart rate during inhalation, and faster heart rate while exhaling

D By its impact on multiple organs and systems throughout the body

Question #16

Gene variants have been shown to support mental processes that contribute to compassion on several levels: Individual disposition, interpersonal (e.g. in the context of dyadic relationships), and at the wider network, or community level. Which level of sociability assessment have OT variants been shown to most strongly influence?

A Wider network/community level

B Interpersonal/dyadic relationships

C Individual/dispositional

D None of the above. OT influences all three levels of sociability to similar degrees

E None of the above. OT influences all three levels of sociability to similar degrees

Question #17

Which is a key approach to studying how specific genotypes might contribute to compassion?

A Examining compassion in carriers of genetic mutations that are associated with excessive, or deficient sociability

B Investigating the entire genome across large samples to identify which gene variants contribute to levels of compassion

C Analyzing the relationship between presence/absence of specific gene variants and scores on assessments of compassion, or key mental processes that contribute to compassion (e.g. empathy)

D All of the answers are correct.

Question #18

What can we conclude about the heritability of compassion from twin and family studies of sociability?

A More evident in people who score high on measures of sociability, compassion is partly heritable depending on mode of assessment (e.g. self-report vs. behavior)

B Compassion is greater in people who are less sociable

C There’s no relationship between genetic endowment and compassion

D FalseCompassion is related to a specific, identifiable genotype

Question #19

Early life experiences influence a person’s tendency to experience and act upon feelings of compassion.

A True

B False

Question #20

If genes influence how likely a person is to feel compassion, how strongly a person tends to feel compassion, or towards whom a person tends to feel compassion, then compassion is basically immutable and inherently self-serving.

A True

B False

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