Lecture Exam 3 (Ch 9, 10, 11)

A  microorganisms colonizing the body

B  None of the choices are correct.

C  contact with pathogens

D  pathogens penetrating host defenses

E  contact with microorganisms

A  breast feeding

B  bottle feeding

C  All of the choices are correct.

D  contact with hospital staff

E  the birth process through the birth canal

A  False

B  True

A  toxins that target the intestines

B  All of thechoices are correct.

C  virulence factors

D  proteins

E  exotoxins

A  genital system

B  respiratory system

C  gastrointestinal system

D  skin

E  urinary system

A  True

B  False

A  Production of leukocidins

B  Ability to survive intracellularly

C  Secretion of slime

D  Adhering to the host

E  Secretion of a capsule

A  lipopolysaccharides

B  proteins

C    

D  secretions that always target nervous tissue

E  antiphagocytic factors

F  only released after a cell is damaged or lysed

A  Fimbriae – adherence to substrate

B  Leukocidins – damage white blood cells

C  Hemolysins – damage red blood cells

D  Coagulase – dissolve fibrin clots

E  Capsules – antiphagocytic factor

A  zoonotic

B  vector-borne

C  polymicrobial

D  noncommunicable

A  respiratory system

B  gastrointestinal system

C  skin

D  genital system

E  urinary system

A  Margination

B  Phagocytosis

C  Exocytosis

D  Adhesion

E  Encapsulation

A  False

B  True

A  endotoxin

B  minimal dose

C  infectious dose

D  indigenous biota

E  virulence factor

A  viruses

B  protozoans

C  All of the choices are correct.

D  fungi

E  bacteria

A  before birth, in utero

B  when an infant gets its first infectious disease

C  when a child first goes to school

D  during and immediately after birth

E  during puberty

A  False

B  True

A  endogenous

B  axenic

C  an enterotoxin

D  an exotoxin

E  exogenous

A  asymptomatic

B  persistent

C  latent

D  chronic

A  To eradicate those members of the normal microbiota that may potentially cause disease
To determine antibiotic susceptibility of the most prevalent microorganisms among human microbiota

B  To determine the role the human microbiota plays in health and disease
To enumerate all of the members of the human microbiota, both those that can be cultured and those that are nonculturable

C  To determine antibiotic susceptibility of the most prevalent microorganisms among human microbiota
To enumerate all of the members of the human microbiota, both those that can be cultured and those that are culturable

D  To eradicate thosemembers of the normal microbiota that may potentially cause disease.
To determine therole the human microbiota plays in health and disease.

A  False

B  True

A  True

B  False

A  Causing an overreaction of the host immune system

B  Epigenetic changes

C  Causing direct damage through exoenzymes

D  Secretion of exotoxins

A  Bats are the reservoir for SARS-CoV-2.

B  Bats are the reservoir and the major source for SARS-CoV-2 in this pandemic.

C  Bats do not represent either the source or the reservoir for SARS-CoV-2.

D  Bats are the source of most cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

A  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target.
The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased.
Microbes use the antimicrobial agent as an energy source
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

B  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target.
Microbes use the antimicrobial agent as an energy source
A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent.
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

C  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
Microbes use the antimicrobial agent as an energy source
The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased.
A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent.
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

D  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target.
The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased.
A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent.
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

A  CRISPR, Methods that directly interfere with cell respiration in bacteria, Interfering with synthesis of bacterial capsules/glycocalyx,

B  CRISPR, Making use of host and bacterial defense peptides, Bacteriophage therapy, RNA interference–directed at bacterial mRNAs

C  Methods that directly interfere with cell respiration in bacteria, Making use of host and bacterial defense peptides, Interfering with synthesis of bacterial capsules/glycocalyx

D  Methods that directly interfere with cell respiration in bacteria, Interfering with synthesis of bacterial capsules/glycocalyx, Bacteriophage therapy

A  erythromycin

B  vancomycin

C  penicillin

D  cephalosporin

E  isoniazid

A  True

B  False

A  They include topical medications that can be used to treat cutaneous infections. They include fluconazole which is used to treat AIDS-related mycoses. They are used to treat fungal infections.

B  They are used to treat viral infections. They include topical medications that can be used to treat cutaneous infections.

C  They are used to treat viral infections. They are used to treat fungal infections.

A  False

B  True

A  folic acid biosynthesis

B    

C  nucleic acid biosynthesis

D  None of the choices are correct.

E  ribosome biosynthesis

F  peptidoglycan biosynthesis

A  stable and soluble in body tissues and fluids

B  low toxicity for human tissues

C  high toxicity against microbial cells

D  All of the choices are correct.

E  do not cause serious side effects in humans

A  True

B  False

A  semisynthetic drugs

B  antibiotics

C  broad-spectrum drugs

D  narrow-spectrum drugs

E  synthetic drugs

A  Penicillinase

B  Clavulanic acid

C  Synercid

D  Aztreonam

E  Imipenem

A  damage cell membranes

B  interfere with elongation of peptidoglycan

C  block peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules

D  block folic acid synthesis

E  attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis

A  False

B  True

A  True

B  False

A  False

B  True

A  False

B  True

A  nephrotoxicity

B  synergism

C  selective toxicity

D  prophylaxis

E  chemotherapy

A  polymyxins

B  streptomycin

C  tetracycline

D  erythromycin

E  gentamycin

A  Allylamines, Azoles, Macrolide polyenes, Echinocandins

B  Macrolide polyenes, Beta-lactams, Aminoglycosides, Echinocandins

C  Beta-lactams, Aminoglycosides, Allylamines, Azoles

D  Azoles, Beta-lactams, Aminoglycosides, Echinocandins

A  False

B  True

A  damage cell membranes

B  interfere with elongation of peptidoglycan

C  attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis

D  block peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules

E  block folic acid synthesis

A  Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Cephalosporium

B  Streptococcus, Staphylococcus

C  Streptomyces, Bacillus, Cephalosporium, Penicillium

D  Streptococcus, Penicillium

A  None of the choices are correct.

B  damage to pathogenic organisms

C  damage to nucleic acids

D  damage to the target organisms but not host cells

E  damage to prokaryotic cell membranes

A  True

B  False

A  False

B  True

A  sanitization

B  antisepsis

C  degermation

D  sterilization.

A  High; dry

B  High; moist

C  Moist; dry

D  Moist; high

E  Dry; moist

A  thermal death time (TDT)

B  sporicidal time

C  thermal death point (TDP)

D  death phase point

E  None of the choices are correct

A  sterilization

B  virilization

C  decontamination

D  disinfection

E  antisepsis

A  False

B  True

A  is less efficient than moist heat

B  includes tyndallization

C  will sterilize at 121°C for 15 minutes

D  cannot sterilize

E  is used in devices called autoclaves

A  ribosomes

B  cell walls

C  cell membranes

D  cytoplasm

E  cellular proteins

A  bacteriostatic

B  None of the choices are correct

C  bactericidal

D  sterilization

E  decontamination

A  disrupting membrane integrity

B  blocking transport into the organism

C  All of the choices are correct

D  coating the organism, preventing interaction with its environment

E  blocking transport out from the organism

A  decontamination

B  antisepsis

C  disinfection

D  sterilization

E  sanitation

A  moist heat

B  alcohol

C  metallic ions

D  X rays

E  acids

A  mycobacteria and staphylococci

B  protozoan cysts

C  vegetative bacteria and fungi

D  endospores

E  prions

A  True

B  False

A  True

B  False

A  ultraviolet radiation

B  pasteurization

C  HEPA filters

D  boiling water

E  hydrogen peroxide

A  All of the choices are correct

B  flash pasteurization

C  boiling water

D  hot water

E  steam autoclave

A  True

B  False

A  Fungicide

B  Sporicide

C  Germicide

D  Virucide

E  Bactericide

A  degermation

B  sterilization

C  disinfection

D  sanitization

E  antisepsis

A  reduces the number of endospores

B  increases food nutrient value

C  kills all vegetative forms

D  None of the choices are correct

E  reduces the number of vegetative forms

A  Lysosomes, Proteins

B  Cellular synthesis of DNA and RNA, Lysosomes

C  Cellular synthesis of DNA and RNA, Cell wall, Cell membrane, Proteins

D  Cell membrane, Lysosomes

A  True

B  False

A  thermal death time (TDT)

B  None of the choices are correct

C  death phase point

D  thermal death point (TDP)

E  sporicidal time