Lecture Exam 3 (Ch 9, 10, 11)

A  None of the choices are correct.

B  contact with microorganisms

C  contact with pathogens

D  microorganisms colonizing the body

E  pathogens penetrating host defenses

A  contact with hospital staff

B  breast feeding

C  bottle feeding

D  the birth process through the birth canal

E  All of the choices are correct.

A  False

B  True

A  toxins that target the intestines

B  virulence factors

C  All of thechoices are correct.

D  proteins

E  exotoxins

A  genital system

B  gastrointestinal system

C  respiratory system

D  urinary system

E  skin

A  False

B  True

A  Ability to survive intracellularly

B  Adhering to the host

C  Secretion of slime

D  Production of leukocidins

E  Secretion of a capsule

A  antiphagocytic factors

B  secretions that always target nervous tissue

C  lipopolysaccharides

D    

E  only released after a cell is damaged or lysed

F  proteins

A  Hemolysins – damage red blood cells

B  Coagulase – dissolve fibrin clots

C  Capsules – antiphagocytic factor

D  Leukocidins – damage white blood cells

E  Fimbriae – adherence to substrate

A  noncommunicable

B  vector-borne

C  zoonotic

D  polymicrobial

A  gastrointestinal system

B  genital system

C  skin

D  respiratory system

E  urinary system

A  Phagocytosis

B  Margination

C  Exocytosis

D  Adhesion

E  Encapsulation

A  True

B  False

A  indigenous biota

B  infectious dose

C  virulence factor

D  endotoxin

E  minimal dose

A  protozoans

B  viruses

C  bacteria

D  All of the choices are correct.

E  fungi

A  when a child first goes to school

B  during puberty

C  when an infant gets its first infectious disease

D  during and immediately after birth

E  before birth, in utero

A  False

B  True

A  axenic

B  exogenous

C  an exotoxin

D  an enterotoxin

E  endogenous

A  persistent

B  chronic

C  asymptomatic

D  latent

A  To determine the role the human microbiota plays in health and disease
To enumerate all of the members of the human microbiota, both those that can be cultured and those that are nonculturable

B  To determine antibiotic susceptibility of the most prevalent microorganisms among human microbiota
To enumerate all of the members of the human microbiota, both those that can be cultured and those that are culturable

C  To eradicate those members of the normal microbiota that may potentially cause disease
To determine antibiotic susceptibility of the most prevalent microorganisms among human microbiota

D  To eradicate thosemembers of the normal microbiota that may potentially cause disease.
To determine therole the human microbiota plays in health and disease.

A  True

B  False

A  True

B  False

A  Causing an overreaction of the host immune system

B  Causing direct damage through exoenzymes

C  Epigenetic changes

D  Secretion of exotoxins

A  Bats are the reservoir and the major source for SARS-CoV-2 in this pandemic.

B  Bats are the reservoir for SARS-CoV-2.

C  Bats are the source of most cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

D  Bats do not represent either the source or the reservoir for SARS-CoV-2.

A  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
Microbes use the antimicrobial agent as an energy source
The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased.
A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent.
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

B  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target.
The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased.
A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent.
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

C  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target.
Microbes use the antimicrobial agent as an energy source
A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent.
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

D  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target.
The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased.
Microbes use the antimicrobial agent as an energy source
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

A  Methods that directly interfere with cell respiration in bacteria, Making use of host and bacterial defense peptides, Interfering with synthesis of bacterial capsules/glycocalyx

B  CRISPR, Making use of host and bacterial defense peptides, Bacteriophage therapy, RNA interference–directed at bacterial mRNAs

C  CRISPR, Methods that directly interfere with cell respiration in bacteria, Interfering with synthesis of bacterial capsules/glycocalyx,

D  Methods that directly interfere with cell respiration in bacteria, Interfering with synthesis of bacterial capsules/glycocalyx, Bacteriophage therapy

A  vancomycin

B  erythromycin

C  cephalosporin

D  isoniazid

E  penicillin

A  False

B  True

A  They are used to treat viral infections. They include topical medications that can be used to treat cutaneous infections.

B  They are used to treat viral infections. They are used to treat fungal infections.

C  They include topical medications that can be used to treat cutaneous infections. They include fluconazole which is used to treat AIDS-related mycoses. They are used to treat fungal infections.

A  False

B  True

A  peptidoglycan biosynthesis

B  nucleic acid biosynthesis

C    

D  folic acid biosynthesis

E  ribosome biosynthesis

F  None of the choices are correct.

A  stable and soluble in body tissues and fluids

B  low toxicity for human tissues

C  high toxicity against microbial cells

D  do not cause serious side effects in humans

E  All of the choices are correct.

A  False

B  True

A  antibiotics

B  semisynthetic drugs

C  narrow-spectrum drugs

D  synthetic drugs

E  broad-spectrum drugs

A  Imipenem

B  Synercid

C  Penicillinase

D  Aztreonam

E  Clavulanic acid

A  attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis

B  block folic acid synthesis

C  damage cell membranes

D  interfere with elongation of peptidoglycan

E  block peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules

A  True

B  False

A  True

B  False

A  False

B  True

A  False

B  True

A  chemotherapy

B  nephrotoxicity

C  prophylaxis

D  selective toxicity

E  synergism

A  polymyxins

B  tetracycline

C  gentamycin

D  streptomycin

E  erythromycin

A  Azoles, Beta-lactams, Aminoglycosides, Echinocandins

B  Beta-lactams, Aminoglycosides, Allylamines, Azoles

C  Macrolide polyenes, Beta-lactams, Aminoglycosides, Echinocandins

D  Allylamines, Azoles, Macrolide polyenes, Echinocandins

A  False

B  True

A  block folic acid synthesis

B  attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis

C  damage cell membranes

D  interfere with elongation of peptidoglycan

E  block peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules

A  Streptococcus, Staphylococcus

B  Streptomyces, Bacillus, Cephalosporium, Penicillium

C  Streptococcus, Penicillium

D  Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Cephalosporium

A  damage to the target organisms but not host cells

B  damage to nucleic acids

C  damage to prokaryotic cell membranes

D  damage to pathogenic organisms

E  None of the choices are correct.

A  True

B  False

A  True

B  False

A  antisepsis

B  degermation

C  sanitization

D  sterilization.

A  High; dry

B  Moist; dry

C  High; moist

D  Moist; high

E  Dry; moist

A  sporicidal time

B  thermal death time (TDT)

C  thermal death point (TDP)

D  None of the choices are correct

E  death phase point

A  virilization

B  decontamination

C  disinfection

D  antisepsis

E  sterilization

A  False

B  True

A  includes tyndallization

B  cannot sterilize

C  is used in devices called autoclaves

D  will sterilize at 121°C for 15 minutes

E  is less efficient than moist heat

A  cytoplasm

B  cell membranes

C  cellular proteins

D  ribosomes

E  cell walls

A  None of the choices are correct

B  bactericidal

C  bacteriostatic

D  sterilization

E  decontamination

A  blocking transport into the organism

B  disrupting membrane integrity

C  blocking transport out from the organism

D  All of the choices are correct

E  coating the organism, preventing interaction with its environment

A  antisepsis

B  sanitation

C  sterilization

D  decontamination

E  disinfection

A  metallic ions

B  acids

C  alcohol

D  moist heat

E  X rays

A  prions

B  vegetative bacteria and fungi

C  endospores

D  protozoan cysts

E  mycobacteria and staphylococci

A  True

B  False

A  True

B  False

A  ultraviolet radiation

B  pasteurization

C  boiling water

D  hydrogen peroxide

E  HEPA filters

A  All of the choices are correct

B  flash pasteurization

C  boiling water

D  hot water

E  steam autoclave

A  True

B  False

A  Sporicide

B  Virucide

C  Germicide

D  Fungicide

E  Bactericide

A  antisepsis

B  disinfection

C  sanitization

D  sterilization

E  degermation

A  None of the choices are correct

B  reduces the number of endospores

C  kills all vegetative forms

D  reduces the number of vegetative forms

E  increases food nutrient value

A  Cell membrane, Lysosomes

B  Cellular synthesis of DNA and RNA, Lysosomes

C  Cellular synthesis of DNA and RNA, Cell wall, Cell membrane, Proteins

D  Lysosomes, Proteins

A  False

B  True

A  thermal death time (TDT)

B  None of the choices are correct

C  sporicidal time

D  death phase point

E  thermal death point (TDP)