Lecture Exam 3 (Ch 9, 10, 11)

A  contact with pathogens

B  contact with microorganisms

C  microorganisms colonizing the body

D  None of the choices are correct.

E  pathogens penetrating host defenses

A  contact with hospital staff

B  the birth process through the birth canal

C  All of the choices are correct.

D  breast feeding

E  bottle feeding

A  True

B  False

A  exotoxins

B  toxins that target the intestines

C  virulence factors

D  proteins

E  All of thechoices are correct.

A  urinary system

B  genital system

C  respiratory system

D  skin

E  gastrointestinal system

A  False

B  True

A  Secretion of slime

B  Ability to survive intracellularly

C  Production of leukocidins

D  Secretion of a capsule

E  Adhering to the host

A  proteins

B    

C  secretions that always target nervous tissue

D  antiphagocytic factors

E  only released after a cell is damaged or lysed

F  lipopolysaccharides

A  Leukocidins – damage white blood cells

B  Coagulase – dissolve fibrin clots

C  Capsules – antiphagocytic factor

D  Hemolysins – damage red blood cells

E  Fimbriae – adherence to substrate

A  zoonotic

B  noncommunicable

C  polymicrobial

D  vector-borne

A  gastrointestinal system

B  genital system

C  urinary system

D  skin

E  respiratory system

A  Adhesion

B  Phagocytosis

C  Encapsulation

D  Exocytosis

E  Margination

A  False

B  True

A  virulence factor

B  infectious dose

C  indigenous biota

D  minimal dose

E  endotoxin

A  protozoans

B  fungi

C  All of the choices are correct.

D  bacteria

E  viruses

A  before birth, in utero

B  during and immediately after birth

C  when an infant gets its first infectious disease

D  when a child first goes to school

E  during puberty

A  False

B  True

A  axenic

B  an enterotoxin

C  exogenous

D  endogenous

E  an exotoxin

A  asymptomatic

B  chronic

C  persistent

D  latent

A  To eradicate those members of the normal microbiota that may potentially cause disease
To determine antibiotic susceptibility of the most prevalent microorganisms among human microbiota

B  To eradicate thosemembers of the normal microbiota that may potentially cause disease.
To determine therole the human microbiota plays in health and disease.

C  To determine the role the human microbiota plays in health and disease
To enumerate all of the members of the human microbiota, both those that can be cultured and those that are nonculturable

D  To determine antibiotic susceptibility of the most prevalent microorganisms among human microbiota
To enumerate all of the members of the human microbiota, both those that can be cultured and those that are culturable

A  False

B  True

A  True

B  False

A  Causing direct damage through exoenzymes

B  Causing an overreaction of the host immune system

C  Epigenetic changes

D  Secretion of exotoxins

A  Bats are the reservoir and the major source for SARS-CoV-2 in this pandemic.

B  Bats are the reservoir for SARS-CoV-2.

C  Bats are the source of most cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

D  Bats do not represent either the source or the reservoir for SARS-CoV-2.

A  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target.
The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased.
Microbes use the antimicrobial agent as an energy source
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

B  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
Microbes use the antimicrobial agent as an energy source
The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased.
A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent.
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

C  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target.
Microbes use the antimicrobial agent as an energy source
A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent.
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

D  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target.
The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased.
A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent.
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

A  Methods that directly interfere with cell respiration in bacteria, Interfering with synthesis of bacterial capsules/glycocalyx, Bacteriophage therapy

B  CRISPR, Making use of host and bacterial defense peptides, Bacteriophage therapy, RNA interference–directed at bacterial mRNAs

C  Methods that directly interfere with cell respiration in bacteria, Making use of host and bacterial defense peptides, Interfering with synthesis of bacterial capsules/glycocalyx

D  CRISPR, Methods that directly interfere with cell respiration in bacteria, Interfering with synthesis of bacterial capsules/glycocalyx,

A  vancomycin

B  erythromycin

C  isoniazid

D  cephalosporin

E  penicillin

A  True

B  False

A  They include topical medications that can be used to treat cutaneous infections. They include fluconazole which is used to treat AIDS-related mycoses. They are used to treat fungal infections.

B  They are used to treat viral infections. They are used to treat fungal infections.

C  They are used to treat viral infections. They include topical medications that can be used to treat cutaneous infections.

A  True

B  False

A  None of the choices are correct.

B  peptidoglycan biosynthesis

C  folic acid biosynthesis

D  ribosome biosynthesis

E  nucleic acid biosynthesis

F    

A  low toxicity for human tissues

B  All of the choices are correct.

C  stable and soluble in body tissues and fluids

D  do not cause serious side effects in humans

E  high toxicity against microbial cells

A  False

B  True

A  synthetic drugs

B  antibiotics

C  semisynthetic drugs

D  broad-spectrum drugs

E  narrow-spectrum drugs

A  Imipenem

B  Clavulanic acid

C  Synercid

D  Penicillinase

E  Aztreonam

A  damage cell membranes

B  interfere with elongation of peptidoglycan

C  block folic acid synthesis

D  attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis

E  block peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules

A  True

B  False

A  False

B  True

A  True

B  False

A  False

B  True

A  selective toxicity

B  chemotherapy

C  synergism

D  prophylaxis

E  nephrotoxicity

A  erythromycin

B  tetracycline

C  streptomycin

D  polymyxins

E  gentamycin

A  Allylamines, Azoles, Macrolide polyenes, Echinocandins

B  Macrolide polyenes, Beta-lactams, Aminoglycosides, Echinocandins

C  Beta-lactams, Aminoglycosides, Allylamines, Azoles

D  Azoles, Beta-lactams, Aminoglycosides, Echinocandins

A  True

B  False

A  interfere with elongation of peptidoglycan

B  block peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules

C  damage cell membranes

D  block folic acid synthesis

E  attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis

A  Streptococcus, Penicillium

B  Streptococcus, Staphylococcus

C  Streptomyces, Bacillus, Cephalosporium, Penicillium

D  Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Cephalosporium

A  damage to the target organisms but not host cells

B  None of the choices are correct.

C  damage to prokaryotic cell membranes

D  damage to nucleic acids

E  damage to pathogenic organisms

A  False

B  True

A  False

B  True

A  sanitization

B  sterilization.

C  degermation

D  antisepsis

A  Moist; dry

B  Moist; high

C  High; moist

D  Dry; moist

E  High; dry

A  thermal death point (TDP)

B  None of the choices are correct

C  sporicidal time

D  thermal death time (TDT)

E  death phase point

A  sterilization

B  antisepsis

C  decontamination

D  virilization

E  disinfection

A  True

B  False

A  cannot sterilize

B  includes tyndallization

C  is used in devices called autoclaves

D  is less efficient than moist heat

E  will sterilize at 121°C for 15 minutes

A  ribosomes

B  cytoplasm

C  cell membranes

D  cell walls

E  cellular proteins

A  bacteriostatic

B  None of the choices are correct

C  bactericidal

D  sterilization

E  decontamination

A  coating the organism, preventing interaction with its environment

B  blocking transport into the organism

C  All of the choices are correct

D  disrupting membrane integrity

E  blocking transport out from the organism

A  decontamination

B  antisepsis

C  sterilization

D  disinfection

E  sanitation

A  X rays

B  acids

C  alcohol

D  moist heat

E  metallic ions

A  prions

B  mycobacteria and staphylococci

C  vegetative bacteria and fungi

D  protozoan cysts

E  endospores

A  False

B  True

A  False

B  True

A  boiling water

B  pasteurization

C  ultraviolet radiation

D  HEPA filters

E  hydrogen peroxide

A  All of the choices are correct

B  flash pasteurization

C  hot water

D  steam autoclave

E  boiling water

A  False

B  True

A  Bactericide

B  Virucide

C  Fungicide

D  Sporicide

E  Germicide

A  disinfection

B  sterilization

C  degermation

D  sanitization

E  antisepsis

A  None of the choices are correct

B  reduces the number of endospores

C  kills all vegetative forms

D  reduces the number of vegetative forms

E  increases food nutrient value

A  Cell membrane, Lysosomes

B  Lysosomes, Proteins

C  Cellular synthesis of DNA and RNA, Cell wall, Cell membrane, Proteins

D  Cellular synthesis of DNA and RNA, Lysosomes

A  True

B  False

A  sporicidal time

B  thermal death point (TDP)

C  None of the choices are correct

D  death phase point

E  thermal death time (TDT)