Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4

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Question #1

Which is not a characteristic of fungi?

A Include single-celled and filamentous forms

B Heterotrophic nutrition

C Photosynthetic

D Have cell walls

E Can use a wide variety of nutrients

Question #2

All of the following are found in some or all protozoa except ________.

A formation of a cyst stage

B ectoplasm and endoplasm

C motility

D heterotrophic nutrition

E cell wall

Question #3

The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the _______.

A trophozoite

B sporozoite

C oocyst

D food vacuole

E cyst

Question #4

Filamentous fungi are called _______.

A pseudohyphae

B septa

C mycelium

D dimorphic

E molds

Question #5

Which is mismatched?

A Plasmodium—protozoan that causes Chagas disease

B Giardia— causes intestinal distress; transmitted by feces in drinking water

C Histoplasma—fungus that causes Ohio Valley fever

D Trichomonas—sexually transmitted vaginal infection

E Naegleria—amoeba that causes brain infection

Question #6

Histones are ________.

A enzymes found in lysosomes

B on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum

C found in polyribosomes

D proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus

E proteins of the cytoskeleton

Question #7

Select the organisms that typically have cell walls.

A Algae, Plants, and Fungi

B Fungi, Protozoa and Animals

C Protozoa and Animals

D Algae, Protozoa and Animals

Question #8

Fungi that grow as yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called _______.

A saprobes

B spores

C dimorphic

D pseudohyphae

E parasites

Question #9

Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called _______.

A parasites

B saprobes

C dimorphic

D nonseptate

E substrates

Question #10

The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the ______.

A nucleolus

B lysosome

C Golgi apparatus

D ribosome

E nucleus

Question #11

Select all of the groups on this list that contain eukaryotic microorganisms.

A Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea

B Algae, Protozoa, Helminths, and Fungi

C Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea

D Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Fungi

Question #12

Eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella because only eukaryotic flagella ________.

A are long, whiplike structures

B contain microtubules

C facilitate phototaxis

D are used for cell motility

E facilitate chemotaxis

Question #13

An organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for cell secretion is the ________.

A chloroplast

B lysosome

C endoplasmic reticulum

D Golgi apparatus

E mitochondria

Question #14

During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a(n) ______.

A cyst

B sporozoa

C trophozoite

D endospore

E seed

Question #15

The cytoskeleton ________.

A functions in movements of the cytoplasm

B All of the choices are correct.

C provides support

D anchors organelles

E helps maintain cell shape

Question #16

There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _______ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.

A cilia

B flagella

C None of the choices are correct.

D microtubules

E filaments

Question #17

When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the _____.

A nuclear envelope

B nucleolus

C nucleoplasm

D nucleosome

E chromatin

Question #18

Select characteristics exhibited by BOTH bacterial and eukaryotic cytoplasmic membranes.

A Sterols, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins

B Sterols, Transport systems and Phospholipid bilayer

C Phospholipid bilayer, Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins

D Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Sterols

Question #19

The gram-positive cell wall is considered stronger than that of gram-negative cells since its hydrophobic outer membrane contains an endotoxin.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #20

Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?

A Spirochete

B Rod

C Tetrad

D Vibrio

E Coccus

Question #21

The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called _______.

A cilia

B sex pili

C fimbriae

D periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)

E flagella

Question #22

Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells?

A Fimbriae

B Slime layer

C Cell membrane

D Capsule

E All of the choices are correct.

Question #23

Plasmids ________.

A are found in all bacteria

B are often the site of pathogenic genes

C cannot be passed between organisms

D are essential for growth and metabolism

E cannot be passed on to progeny

Question #24

All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the _______.

A fimbriae

B capsule

C slime layer

D LPS

E inclusions

Question #25

The term that refers to the presence of flagella over the cell surface is _______.

A amphitrichous

B lophotrichous

C atrichous

D peritrichous

E monotrichous

Question #26

Bacterial endospores are not produced by _______.

A Clostridium

B Bacillus

C Staphylococcus

D All of thechoices are correct.

E Sporosarcina

Question #27

When an endospore germinates, it develops into multiple vegetative cells ensuring reproductive success.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #28

The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid, tubular appendages called _______.

A periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)

B flagella

C sex pili

D cilia

E fimbriae

Question #29

A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _______.

A a spheroplast

B gram-positive

C acid fast

D found in archaea

E gram-negative

Question #30

The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and _______.

A rRNA

B None of thechoices is correct.

C mRNA

D tRNA

E All of thechoices are correct.

Question #31

During the Gram stain, ______ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.

B gram-positive

C both gram-positive and -negative

D gram-negative

Question #32

Lysozyme is most effective against _______.

A cyanobacteria

B mycoplasmas

C gram-positive organisms

D gram-negative organisms

E archaea

Question #33

Each bacterial species represents a distinct organism that can produce viable offspring when mating with other bacteria of its kind.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #34

Endospores are ________.

A metabolically inactive

B resistant to destruction by radiation

C resistant to heat and chemical destruction

D living structures

E All of the choices are correct.

Question #35

Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial _______.

A inclusions

B cell walls

C cell membranes

D capsules

E slime layers

Question #36

Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane?

A The porinproteins create channels through the outer membrane.

B The lipid portionof the lipopolysaccharide layer is an endotoxin.

C The innermost layer is a phospholipid bilayer.

D The uppermost layer is made of lipopolysaccharides.

E Gram-positivebacteria have an outer membrane.

Question #37

A flagellum is anchored into the bacterial cell envelope by its _______.

A sheath

B filament

C outer membrane

D basal body

E hook

Question #38

Bacteria that require special growth factors and complex nutrients are termed _____.

A anaerobic

B aerobic

C fastidious

D microaerophilic

E autotrophic

Question #39

Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce its real image?

A Ocular lens

B Objective lens

C Body

D Condenser

E Nosepiece

Question #40

Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?

A Swab

B Petri dish

C Needle

D Pipette

E Loop

Question #41

All of the following pertain to the fluorescence microscope except ______.

A it requires an ultraviolet radiation source

B it uses electrons to produce a specimen image

C it is commonly used to diagnose certain infections

D it requires the use of dyes like acridine and fluorescein

E it is a type of compound microscope

Question #42

A common medium used for growing fastidious bacteria is ______.

A MacConkey medium

B trypticase soy agar

C blood agar

D a reducing medium

E mannitol salt agar

Question #43

Which type of medium is able to distinguish different species or types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the medium?

A Enriched

B Enumeration

C Selective

D Differential

E Reducing

Question #44

Which of the following characteristics refers to the microscope’s ability to show two separate entities as separate and distinct?

A All of thechoices are correct.

B Refraction

C None of the choices are correct.

D Magnification

E Resolving power

Question #45

Select the methods below that enable the isolation of bacteria.

A Gram stain, Bright-field microscopy, Spread plate, Use of selective media,

B Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media, Quadrant streak plate

C Gram stain, Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media,

D Gram stain, Loop dilution, Bright-field microscopy, Use of selective media,

Question #46

A microbiologist makes a fixed smear of bacterial cells and stains them with Loeffler’s methylene blue. All the cells appear blue under the oil lens. This is an example of ______.

A using an acidic dye

B capsule staining

C negative staining

D simple staining

E using the acid-fast stain

Question #47

Which type of microscope bombards a whole, metal-coated specimen with electrons moving back and forth over it?

A Scanning electron

B Transmission electron

C Fluorescence

D Differential interference contrast

E Phase contrast

Question #48

The specimen preparation that is best for viewing cell motility is ______.

A fixed stained smear

B Gram stain

C flagellar stain

D hanging drop

E negative stain

Question #49

A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the E. coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanation?

A The incubationtemperature was incorrect.

B The culturemedium must be selective.

C The culture iscontaminated.

D Themicrobiologist used too much inoculum.

E The culturemedium must be differential.

Question #50

Which of the following is not a benefit of agar as a solid medium?

A Is digested by most microbes

B Is solid at room temperature

C Has flexibility

D Can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful

E Holds moisture

Question #51

A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is NOT chemically definable would be termed _____.

A minimal

B complex

C enriched

D reducing

E synthetic

Question #52

Which type of microscope does not use light in forming the specimen image?

A Electron

B Fluorescence

C Phase contrast

D Dark field

E Bright field

Question #53

Which type of media would be the best choice when shipping a sample of bacteria to a laboratory to be tested from a satellite office site?

A EMB

B General purpose

C Blood

D Transport

E Thioglycollate

Question #54

Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a(n) _____.

A mold

B algae

C green plant

D fungus

E euglena

Question #55

The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is _____.

A phase contrast

B dark field

C bright field

D fluorescence

E electron

Question #56

Select the elements necessary for good microscopy.

A Ability to observe cells in the living state, Use of wavelengths other than the visible spectrum, Specimen holder

B Adequate magnification, Contrast, Resolution

C Ability to observe cells in the living state, Contrast, Specimen holder

D Ability to observe cells in the living state, Adequate magnification, Specimen holder

Question #57

Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of organization.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #58

A scientist studying the sequence of nucleotides in the rRNA of a bacterial species is working on ________.

A determining evolutionary relatedness

B determining if that species is the cause of a new disease

C recombinant DNA

D bioremediation

E nomenclature

Question #59

Helminths are _____.

A protozoa

B infectious particles

C bacteria

D parasitic worms

E molds

Question #60

Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.

A carbon

B hydrogen

C phosphorous

D oxygen

E nitrogen

Question #61

Most microorganisms that are found in and on humans do not cause harm and can sometimes benefit the host.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #62

All proteins are enzymes.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #63

Which statement correctly compares the sizes of different microorganisms?

A Bacteria are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms

B Eukaryotic microorganisms are smaller than viruses

C Archaea are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms but smaller than bacteria

D Bacteria are larger than viruses

Question #64

Taxonomy does not involve _____.

A classification

B nomenclature

C taxa

D identification

E common name

Question #65

The most prevalent worldwide infectious diseases are _____.

A measles

B AIDS-related diseases

C diarrheal diseases

D respiratory diseases

E malaria diseases

Question #66

Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy:

A family, genus,species

B kingdom, domain,phylum

C genus, species,family

D family, order,class

E class, phylum,order

Question #67

Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?

A Fungi

B Bacteria

C Viruses

D Helminths

E Parasites

Question #68

Despite the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus, bacteria and archaea are cells with a complex organizational structure.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #69

Disease-causing microorganisms are called _____.

A prokaryotes

B eukaryotes

C pathogens

D decomposers

E fermenters

Question #70

When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called _____.

A immunology

B bioremediation

C taxonomy

D epidemiology

E genetic engineering

Question #71

Cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally been called _____.

A pathogens

B fermenters

C decomposers

D prokaryotes

E eukaryotes

Question #72

Koch’s postulates are criteria used to establish that ______.

A microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills

B life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms

C a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease

D a specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom

E microbes are found on dust particles

Question #73

All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that ______.

A can only be found growing in laboratories

B lack a cell nucleus

C cause human disease

D are infectious particles

E are too small to be seen with the unaided eye

Question #74

All of the following are lipids except _____.

A phospholipid

B wax

C cholesterol

D starch

E triglyceride

Question #75

The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was _____.

A Robert Koch

B Francesco Redi

C Louis Pasteur

D Joseph Lister

E Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

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Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4

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