Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4

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Question #1

Which is not a characteristic of fungi?

A Have cell walls

B Heterotrophic nutrition

C Can use a wide variety of nutrients

D Include single-celled and filamentous forms

E Photosynthetic

Question #2

All of the following are found in some or all protozoa except ________.

A heterotrophic nutrition

B motility

C cell wall

D formation of a cyst stage

E ectoplasm and endoplasm

Question #3

The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the _______.

A food vacuole

B oocyst

C sporozoite

D cyst

E trophozoite

Question #4

Filamentous fungi are called _______.

A dimorphic

B molds

C pseudohyphae

D mycelium

E septa

Question #5

Which is mismatched?

A Naegleria—amoeba that causes brain infection

B Plasmodium—protozoan that causes Chagas disease

C Histoplasma—fungus that causes Ohio Valley fever

D Trichomonas—sexually transmitted vaginal infection

E Giardia— causes intestinal distress; transmitted by feces in drinking water

Question #6

Histones are ________.

A enzymes found in lysosomes

B on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum

C proteins of the cytoskeleton

D found in polyribosomes

E proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus

Question #7

Select the organisms that typically have cell walls.

A Protozoa and Animals

B Fungi, Protozoa and Animals

C Algae, Plants, and Fungi

D Algae, Protozoa and Animals

Question #8

Fungi that grow as yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called _______.

A pseudohyphae

B dimorphic

C spores

D saprobes

E parasites

Question #9

Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called _______.

A nonseptate

B saprobes

C substrates

D parasites

E dimorphic

Question #10

The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the ______.

A nucleus

B ribosome

C lysosome

D nucleolus

E Golgi apparatus

Question #11

Select all of the groups on this list that contain eukaryotic microorganisms.

A Algae, Protozoa, Helminths, and Fungi

B Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea

C Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea

D Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Fungi

Question #12

Eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella because only eukaryotic flagella ________.

A facilitate phototaxis

B facilitate chemotaxis

C contain microtubules

D are long, whiplike structures

E are used for cell motility

Question #13

An organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for cell secretion is the ________.

A Golgi apparatus

B mitochondria

C chloroplast

D endoplasmic reticulum

E lysosome

Question #14

During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a(n) ______.

A seed

B trophozoite

C cyst

D sporozoa

E endospore

Question #15

The cytoskeleton ________.

A helps maintain cell shape

B anchors organelles

C All of the choices are correct.

D functions in movements of the cytoplasm

E provides support

Question #16

There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _______ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.

A filaments

B microtubules

C cilia

D None of the choices are correct.

E flagella

Question #17

When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the _____.

A nucleoplasm

B nucleosome

C nucleolus

D chromatin

E nuclear envelope

Question #18

Select characteristics exhibited by BOTH bacterial and eukaryotic cytoplasmic membranes.

A Sterols, Transport systems and Phospholipid bilayer

B Sterols, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins

C Phospholipid bilayer, Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins

D Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Sterols

Question #19

The gram-positive cell wall is considered stronger than that of gram-negative cells since its hydrophobic outer membrane contains an endotoxin.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #20

Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?

A Vibrio

B Rod

C Tetrad

D Coccus

E Spirochete

Question #21

The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called _______.

A fimbriae

B cilia

C periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)

D flagella

E sex pili

Question #22

Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells?

A Cell membrane

B Fimbriae

C Slime layer

D Capsule

E All of the choices are correct.

Question #23

Plasmids ________.

A cannot be passed between organisms

B cannot be passed on to progeny

C are found in all bacteria

D are essential for growth and metabolism

E are often the site of pathogenic genes

Question #24

All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the _______.

A inclusions

B LPS

C capsule

D slime layer

E fimbriae

Question #25

The term that refers to the presence of flagella over the cell surface is _______.

A atrichous

B amphitrichous

C lophotrichous

D peritrichous

E monotrichous

Question #26

Bacterial endospores are not produced by _______.

A Clostridium

B Sporosarcina

C Bacillus

D All of thechoices are correct.

E Staphylococcus

Question #27

When an endospore germinates, it develops into multiple vegetative cells ensuring reproductive success.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #28

The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid, tubular appendages called _______.

A cilia

B sex pili

C periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)

D fimbriae

E flagella

Question #29

A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _______.

A gram-positive

B gram-negative

C found in archaea

D acid fast

E a spheroplast

Question #30

The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and _______.

A All of thechoices are correct.

B None of thechoices is correct.

C rRNA

D mRNA

E tRNA

Question #31

During the Gram stain, ______ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.

A both gram-positive and -negative

C gram-positive

D gram-negative

Question #32

Lysozyme is most effective against _______.

A cyanobacteria

B archaea

C gram-negative organisms

D gram-positive organisms

E mycoplasmas

Question #33

Each bacterial species represents a distinct organism that can produce viable offspring when mating with other bacteria of its kind.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #34

Endospores are ________.

A resistant to destruction by radiation

B All of the choices are correct.

C metabolically inactive

D living structures

E resistant to heat and chemical destruction

Question #35

Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial _______.

A cell membranes

B slime layers

C cell walls

D inclusions

E capsules

Question #36

Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane?

A The lipid portionof the lipopolysaccharide layer is an endotoxin.

B The porinproteins create channels through the outer membrane.

C The uppermost layer is made of lipopolysaccharides.

D The innermost layer is a phospholipid bilayer.

E Gram-positivebacteria have an outer membrane.

Question #37

A flagellum is anchored into the bacterial cell envelope by its _______.

A hook

B filament

C sheath

D outer membrane

E basal body

Question #38

Bacteria that require special growth factors and complex nutrients are termed _____.

A autotrophic

B fastidious

C aerobic

D anaerobic

E microaerophilic

Question #39

Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce its real image?

A Body

B Condenser

C Nosepiece

D Ocular lens

E Objective lens

Question #40

Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?

A Petri dish

B Loop

C Swab

D Needle

E Pipette

Question #41

All of the following pertain to the fluorescence microscope except ______.

A it is a type of compound microscope

B it uses electrons to produce a specimen image

C it requires the use of dyes like acridine and fluorescein

D it is commonly used to diagnose certain infections

E it requires an ultraviolet radiation source

Question #42

A common medium used for growing fastidious bacteria is ______.

A mannitol salt agar

B MacConkey medium

C trypticase soy agar

D a reducing medium

E blood agar

Question #43

Which type of medium is able to distinguish different species or types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the medium?

A Enriched

B Enumeration

C Selective

D Differential

E Reducing

Question #44

Which of the following characteristics refers to the microscope’s ability to show two separate entities as separate and distinct?

A Resolving power

B Refraction

C Magnification

D None of the choices are correct.

E All of thechoices are correct.

Question #45

Select the methods below that enable the isolation of bacteria.

A Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media, Quadrant streak plate

B Gram stain, Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media,

C Gram stain, Loop dilution, Bright-field microscopy, Use of selective media,

D Gram stain, Bright-field microscopy, Spread plate, Use of selective media,

Question #46

A microbiologist makes a fixed smear of bacterial cells and stains them with Loeffler’s methylene blue. All the cells appear blue under the oil lens. This is an example of ______.

A simple staining

B capsule staining

C negative staining

D using an acidic dye

E using the acid-fast stain

Question #47

Which type of microscope bombards a whole, metal-coated specimen with electrons moving back and forth over it?

A Fluorescence

B Phase contrast

C Scanning electron

D Transmission electron

E Differential interference contrast

Question #48

The specimen preparation that is best for viewing cell motility is ______.

A Gram stain

B negative stain

C fixed stained smear

D flagellar stain

E hanging drop

Question #49

A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the E. coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanation?

A Themicrobiologist used too much inoculum.

B The culturemedium must be differential.

C The incubationtemperature was incorrect.

D The culture iscontaminated.

E The culturemedium must be selective.

Question #50

Which of the following is not a benefit of agar as a solid medium?

A Can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful

B Holds moisture

C Has flexibility

D Is solid at room temperature

E Is digested by most microbes

Question #51

A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is NOT chemically definable would be termed _____.

A synthetic

B complex

C enriched

D reducing

E minimal

Question #52

Which type of microscope does not use light in forming the specimen image?

A Bright field

B Fluorescence

C Phase contrast

D Electron

E Dark field

Question #53

Which type of media would be the best choice when shipping a sample of bacteria to a laboratory to be tested from a satellite office site?

A Blood

B EMB

C General purpose

D Transport

E Thioglycollate

Question #54

Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a(n) _____.

A green plant

B algae

C mold

D euglena

E fungus

Question #55

The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is _____.

A fluorescence

B dark field

C bright field

D electron

E phase contrast

Question #56

Select the elements necessary for good microscopy.

A Ability to observe cells in the living state, Adequate magnification, Specimen holder

B Ability to observe cells in the living state, Contrast, Specimen holder

C Adequate magnification, Contrast, Resolution

D Ability to observe cells in the living state, Use of wavelengths other than the visible spectrum, Specimen holder

Question #57

Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of organization.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #58

A scientist studying the sequence of nucleotides in the rRNA of a bacterial species is working on ________.

A bioremediation

B nomenclature

C determining if that species is the cause of a new disease

D recombinant DNA

E determining evolutionary relatedness

Question #59

Helminths are _____.

A molds

B bacteria

C parasitic worms

D infectious particles

E protozoa

Question #60

Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.

A hydrogen

B nitrogen

C carbon

D phosphorous

E oxygen

Question #61

Most microorganisms that are found in and on humans do not cause harm and can sometimes benefit the host.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #62

All proteins are enzymes.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #63

Which statement correctly compares the sizes of different microorganisms?

A Bacteria are larger than viruses

B Bacteria are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms

C Archaea are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms but smaller than bacteria

D Eukaryotic microorganisms are smaller than viruses

Question #64

Taxonomy does not involve _____.

A classification

B taxa

C identification

D common name

E nomenclature

Question #65

The most prevalent worldwide infectious diseases are _____.

A measles

B diarrheal diseases

C malaria diseases

D AIDS-related diseases

E respiratory diseases

Question #66

Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy:

A kingdom, domain,phylum

B family, genus,species

C family, order,class

D genus, species,family

E class, phylum,order

Question #67

Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?

A Fungi

B Viruses

C Bacteria

D Helminths

E Parasites

Question #68

Despite the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus, bacteria and archaea are cells with a complex organizational structure.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #69

Disease-causing microorganisms are called _____.

A decomposers

B pathogens

C eukaryotes

D fermenters

E prokaryotes

Question #70

When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called _____.

A epidemiology

B bioremediation

C taxonomy

D immunology

E genetic engineering

Question #71

Cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally been called _____.

A decomposers

B pathogens

C fermenters

D eukaryotes

E prokaryotes

Question #72

Koch’s postulates are criteria used to establish that ______.

A a specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom

B microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills

C a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease

D life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms

E microbes are found on dust particles

Question #73

All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that ______.

A cause human disease

B are too small to be seen with the unaided eye

C are infectious particles

D can only be found growing in laboratories

E lack a cell nucleus

Question #74

All of the following are lipids except _____.

A triglyceride

B cholesterol

C starch

D phospholipid

E wax

Question #75

The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was _____.

A Francesco Redi

B Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

C Louis Pasteur

D Joseph Lister

E Robert Koch

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Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4

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