Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4

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Question #1

Which is not a characteristic of fungi?

A Have cell walls

B Can use a wide variety of nutrients

C Photosynthetic

D Heterotrophic nutrition

E Include single-celled and filamentous forms

Question #2

All of the following are found in some or all protozoa except ________.

A cell wall

B motility

C formation of a cyst stage

D ectoplasm and endoplasm

E heterotrophic nutrition

Question #3

The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the _______.

A cyst

B oocyst

C sporozoite

D food vacuole

E trophozoite

Question #4

Filamentous fungi are called _______.

A septa

B pseudohyphae

C dimorphic

D mycelium

E molds

Question #5

Which is mismatched?

A Trichomonas—sexually transmitted vaginal infection

B Giardia— causes intestinal distress; transmitted by feces in drinking water

C Histoplasma—fungus that causes Ohio Valley fever

D Naegleria—amoeba that causes brain infection

E Plasmodium—protozoan that causes Chagas disease

Question #6

Histones are ________.

A on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum

B found in polyribosomes

C proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus

D proteins of the cytoskeleton

E enzymes found in lysosomes

Question #7

Select the organisms that typically have cell walls.

A Protozoa and Animals

B Algae, Plants, and Fungi

C Fungi, Protozoa and Animals

D Algae, Protozoa and Animals

Question #8

Fungi that grow as yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called _______.

A pseudohyphae

B parasites

C saprobes

D dimorphic

E spores

Question #9

Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called _______.

A dimorphic

B parasites

C saprobes

D substrates

E nonseptate

Question #10

The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the ______.

A ribosome

B Golgi apparatus

C lysosome

D nucleus

E nucleolus

Question #11

Select all of the groups on this list that contain eukaryotic microorganisms.

A Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea

B Algae, Protozoa, Helminths, and Fungi

C Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Fungi

D Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea

Question #12

Eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella because only eukaryotic flagella ________.

A facilitate chemotaxis

B are long, whiplike structures

C facilitate phototaxis

D contain microtubules

E are used for cell motility

Question #13

An organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for cell secretion is the ________.

A mitochondria

B Golgi apparatus

C endoplasmic reticulum

D lysosome

E chloroplast

Question #14

During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a(n) ______.

A cyst

B endospore

C trophozoite

D sporozoa

E seed

Question #15

The cytoskeleton ________.

A functions in movements of the cytoplasm

B helps maintain cell shape

C provides support

D All of the choices are correct.

E anchors organelles

Question #16

There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _______ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.

A cilia

B None of the choices are correct.

C microtubules

D filaments

E flagella

Question #17

When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the _____.

A nuclear envelope

B nucleolus

C nucleosome

D chromatin

E nucleoplasm

Question #18

Select characteristics exhibited by BOTH bacterial and eukaryotic cytoplasmic membranes.

A Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Sterols

B Sterols, Transport systems and Phospholipid bilayer

C Sterols, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins

D Phospholipid bilayer, Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins

Question #19

The gram-positive cell wall is considered stronger than that of gram-negative cells since its hydrophobic outer membrane contains an endotoxin.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #20

Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?

A Coccus

B Tetrad

C Vibrio

D Rod

E Spirochete

Question #21

The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called _______.

A cilia

B flagella

C periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)

D sex pili

E fimbriae

Question #22

Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells?

A All of the choices are correct.

B Slime layer

C Fimbriae

D Cell membrane

E Capsule

Question #23

Plasmids ________.

A cannot be passed on to progeny

B are often the site of pathogenic genes

C cannot be passed between organisms

D are found in all bacteria

E are essential for growth and metabolism

Question #24

All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the _______.

A fimbriae

B inclusions

C capsule

D slime layer

E LPS

Question #25

The term that refers to the presence of flagella over the cell surface is _______.

A peritrichous

B atrichous

C lophotrichous

D amphitrichous

E monotrichous

Question #26

Bacterial endospores are not produced by _______.

A Sporosarcina

B Staphylococcus

C Clostridium

D All of thechoices are correct.

E Bacillus

Question #27

When an endospore germinates, it develops into multiple vegetative cells ensuring reproductive success.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #28

The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid, tubular appendages called _______.

A flagella

B periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)

C sex pili

D cilia

E fimbriae

Question #29

A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _______.

A gram-positive

B gram-negative

C found in archaea

D acid fast

E a spheroplast

Question #30

The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and _______.

A None of thechoices is correct.

B All of thechoices are correct.

C tRNA

D mRNA

E rRNA

Question #31

During the Gram stain, ______ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.

A gram-negative

B both gram-positive and -negative

C gram-positive

Question #32

Lysozyme is most effective against _______.

A gram-negative organisms

B cyanobacteria

C mycoplasmas

D gram-positive organisms

E archaea

Question #33

Each bacterial species represents a distinct organism that can produce viable offspring when mating with other bacteria of its kind.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #34

Endospores are ________.

A All of the choices are correct.

B resistant to heat and chemical destruction

C living structures

D metabolically inactive

E resistant to destruction by radiation

Question #35

Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial _______.

A inclusions

B cell walls

C cell membranes

D capsules

E slime layers

Question #36

Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane?

A The uppermost layer is made of lipopolysaccharides.

B The porinproteins create channels through the outer membrane.

C Gram-positivebacteria have an outer membrane.

D The innermost layer is a phospholipid bilayer.

E The lipid portionof the lipopolysaccharide layer is an endotoxin.

Question #37

A flagellum is anchored into the bacterial cell envelope by its _______.

A hook

B sheath

C outer membrane

D filament

E basal body

Question #38

Bacteria that require special growth factors and complex nutrients are termed _____.

A anaerobic

B aerobic

C fastidious

D microaerophilic

E autotrophic

Question #39

Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce its real image?

A Ocular lens

B Condenser

C Objective lens

D Body

E Nosepiece

Question #40

Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?

A Pipette

B Swab

C Petri dish

D Needle

E Loop

Question #41

All of the following pertain to the fluorescence microscope except ______.

A it uses electrons to produce a specimen image

B it requires the use of dyes like acridine and fluorescein

C it requires an ultraviolet radiation source

D it is commonly used to diagnose certain infections

E it is a type of compound microscope

Question #42

A common medium used for growing fastidious bacteria is ______.

A mannitol salt agar

B MacConkey medium

C blood agar

D a reducing medium

E trypticase soy agar

Question #43

Which type of medium is able to distinguish different species or types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the medium?

A Differential

B Enumeration

C Reducing

D Enriched

E Selective

Question #44

Which of the following characteristics refers to the microscope’s ability to show two separate entities as separate and distinct?

A Refraction

B Magnification

C All of thechoices are correct.

D Resolving power

E None of the choices are correct.

Question #45

Select the methods below that enable the isolation of bacteria.

A Gram stain, Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media,

B Gram stain, Loop dilution, Bright-field microscopy, Use of selective media,

C Gram stain, Bright-field microscopy, Spread plate, Use of selective media,

D Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media, Quadrant streak plate

Question #46

A microbiologist makes a fixed smear of bacterial cells and stains them with Loeffler’s methylene blue. All the cells appear blue under the oil lens. This is an example of ______.

A simple staining

B using an acidic dye

C using the acid-fast stain

D negative staining

E capsule staining

Question #47

Which type of microscope bombards a whole, metal-coated specimen with electrons moving back and forth over it?

A Scanning electron

B Differential interference contrast

C Phase contrast

D Transmission electron

E Fluorescence

Question #48

The specimen preparation that is best for viewing cell motility is ______.

A Gram stain

B negative stain

C fixed stained smear

D flagellar stain

E hanging drop

Question #49

A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the E. coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanation?

A The culturemedium must be differential.

B The culturemedium must be selective.

C The culture iscontaminated.

D Themicrobiologist used too much inoculum.

E The incubationtemperature was incorrect.

Question #50

Which of the following is not a benefit of agar as a solid medium?

A Has flexibility

B Can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful

C Holds moisture

D Is solid at room temperature

E Is digested by most microbes

Question #51

A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is NOT chemically definable would be termed _____.

A complex

B minimal

C enriched

D synthetic

E reducing

Question #52

Which type of microscope does not use light in forming the specimen image?

A Electron

B Fluorescence

C Phase contrast

D Bright field

E Dark field

Question #53

Which type of media would be the best choice when shipping a sample of bacteria to a laboratory to be tested from a satellite office site?

A General purpose

B Blood

C Transport

D Thioglycollate

E EMB

Question #54

Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a(n) _____.

A algae

B euglena

C fungus

D green plant

E mold

Question #55

The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is _____.

A phase contrast

B bright field

C electron

D fluorescence

E dark field

Question #56

Select the elements necessary for good microscopy.

A Ability to observe cells in the living state, Adequate magnification, Specimen holder

B Ability to observe cells in the living state, Contrast, Specimen holder

C Ability to observe cells in the living state, Use of wavelengths other than the visible spectrum, Specimen holder

D Adequate magnification, Contrast, Resolution

Question #57

Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of organization.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #58

A scientist studying the sequence of nucleotides in the rRNA of a bacterial species is working on ________.

A determining if that species is the cause of a new disease

B nomenclature

C determining evolutionary relatedness

D bioremediation

E recombinant DNA

Question #59

Helminths are _____.

A bacteria

B infectious particles

C protozoa

D parasitic worms

E molds

Question #60

Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.

A nitrogen

B oxygen

C hydrogen

D carbon

E phosphorous

Question #61

Most microorganisms that are found in and on humans do not cause harm and can sometimes benefit the host.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #62

All proteins are enzymes.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #63

Which statement correctly compares the sizes of different microorganisms?

A Bacteria are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms

B Eukaryotic microorganisms are smaller than viruses

C Archaea are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms but smaller than bacteria

D Bacteria are larger than viruses

Question #64

Taxonomy does not involve _____.

A taxa

B common name

C classification

D nomenclature

E identification

Question #65

The most prevalent worldwide infectious diseases are _____.

A AIDS-related diseases

B diarrheal diseases

C malaria diseases

D measles

E respiratory diseases

Question #66

Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy:

A class, phylum,order

B family, order,class

C kingdom, domain,phylum

D family, genus,species

E genus, species,family

Question #67

Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?

A Viruses

B Helminths

C Fungi

D Bacteria

E Parasites

Question #68

Despite the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus, bacteria and archaea are cells with a complex organizational structure.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #69

Disease-causing microorganisms are called _____.

A decomposers

B prokaryotes

C eukaryotes

D fermenters

E pathogens

Question #70

When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called _____.

A bioremediation

B immunology

C epidemiology

D genetic engineering

E taxonomy

Question #71

Cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally been called _____.

A eukaryotes

B pathogens

C prokaryotes

D fermenters

E decomposers

Question #72

Koch’s postulates are criteria used to establish that ______.

A microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills

B a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease

C a specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom

D life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms

E microbes are found on dust particles

Question #73

All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that ______.

A cause human disease

B are infectious particles

C can only be found growing in laboratories

D lack a cell nucleus

E are too small to be seen with the unaided eye

Question #74

All of the following are lipids except _____.

A wax

B phospholipid

C cholesterol

D triglyceride

E starch

Question #75

The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was _____.

A Joseph Lister

B Robert Koch

C Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

D Francesco Redi

E Louis Pasteur

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Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4

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