Exam 1

Navigation » List of Schools » West Los Angeles College » Physiology » Physiology 101 – Introduction to Human Physiology » Fall 2021 » Exam 1

Need help with your exam preparation?

Existing Quiz Clients Login here

Below are the questions for the exam with the choices of answers:

Try The Exam

Question #1

Which tract carries sensory information?

A reticulospinal

B corticospinal

C pyramidal

D spinocerebellar

Question #2

Which of the following scans provides imaging of the brain by highlighting areas of the brain with the highest fluorodeoxyglucose uptake, which corresponds to areas of highest metabolic activity?

A CT

B X-ray

C PET

D Ultrasound

Question #3

Brain waves that generally appear during periods of sensory input and mental activity are called

A P waves.

B delta waves.

C alpha waves.

D beta waves.

E theta waves.

Question #4

What type of information is carried in the descending tracts of the spinal cord?
1. Sensory
2. Motor
3. Integration

A Both 1 & 2

B 1 only

C 3 only

D Both 2 & 3

E 2 only

Question #5

This protects the brain by preventing the movement of harmful substances and pathogens from the blood into the brain tissue.

A Cerebrospinal fluid

B Arachnoid mater

C Blood brain barrier

D Dura mater

E All of these choices

Question #6

These three areas of gray matter found in each cerebral hemisphere are important in helping to control the initiation and termination of skeletal muscle movements.

A autonomic ganglia

B red nuclei

C basal nuclei

D lateral olivary nuclei

E vestibular nuclei

Question #7

These are networks of capillaries found in the walls of the ventricles of the brain that produce cerebrospinal fluid.

A Choroid plexuses

B Aqueduct of the midbrain

C Brachial plexuses

D Interventricular foramina

E Lateral apertures

Question #8

The cerebellum contains these types of neurons, which are characterized by their elaborate dendritic structure.

A Astrocytes

B Uniaxial

C Unipolar

D Purkinje

Question #9

The cell bodies of the sensory neurons that carry information from the periphery to the spinal cord are located in the

A lateral gray horn.

B anterior white commissure.

C posterior gray horn.

D dorsal root ganglion.

E central canal.

Question #10

Brain waves that generally appear during periods of sensory input and mental activity are called

A delta waves.

B alpha waves.

C P waves.

D beta waves.

E theta waves.

Question #11

Cerebro-spinal Fluid (CSF) is formed by the:

A choroid plexus

B arachnoid membrane

C cerebral ganglia

D dura mater

E limbic system

Question #12

Which of these locations marks the endpoint for cerebrospinal fluid before diffusing into venous blood?

A 3rd ventricle

B subarachnoid space

C arachnoid granulations

D lateral ventricles

E choroid plexus

Question #13

Which structure of the embryonic brain develops into the mature cerebrum?

A Myelencephalon

B Telencephalon

C Rhombencephelon

D Mesencephalon

E Diencephalon

Question #14

Which of the following types of tracts are used to conduct nerve impulses between gyri within the same cerebral hemisphere?

A Mammillothalamic tracts

B Association tracts

C Projection tracts

D Stria medullaris

E Commissural tracts

Question #15

Which of the following tracts are associated with axon pathways within the same hemisphere, but different gyri?

A Projection tracts

B Association tracts

C Commissural tracts

D None of the above

E All of the above

Question #16

Which of the following structures conducts nerve impulses between the two different hemispheres of the cerebrum?

A Corpus callosum

B Pyramids

C Sulci

D Projection tracts

E Association tracts

Question #17

This branch of a spinal nerve serves the deep muscles and skin of the posterior surface of the trunk.

A Anterior ramus

B Meningeal branch

C Posterior ramus

D Rami communicantes

E Brachial plexus

Question #18

Which of these structures involves the decussation of the pyramids?

A Cerebellum

B Pons

C Cerebrum

D Corpus Callosum

E Medulla Oblongata

Question #19

Which phenomenon explains increased excitability as an adaptation when post-synaptic neurons that are stimulated at high frequency?

A Summation

B IPSPs

C Substrate Phosphorylation

D Long Term Potentiation

Question #20

Which projection of the neuron receives signals?

A Cell body

B Axon Terminal

C Axon

D Dendrites

Question #21

Diffusion, enzymatic degradation, and uptake by cells are all ways to

A remove a neurotransmitter

B stop a spatial summation

C excite a presynaptic potential

D continue a temporal summation

E inhibit a presynaptic potential

Question #22

In temporal summation, a single presynaptic neuron stimulates the creation of action potentials in a postsynaptic neuron when it

A recruits other presynaptic neurons to begin to fire.

B runs out of neurotransmitter.

C stops firing long enough to allow the postsynaptic neuron to recover.

D fires at a fast enough rate that the sum of EPSPs in the postsynaptic neuron moves above threshold.

E fires at a steady rate that allows the postsynaptic neuron to return to resting potential.

Question #23

A polarized cell

A includes most cells of the body and exhibits a membrane potential.

B has a charge imbalance across its membrane.

C includes most cells of the body.

D All of these choices are correct.

E exhibits a membrane potential.

Question #24

Which of the following is also known as adrenaline?

A Serotonin

B Dopamine

C Norepinephrine

D Epinephrine

Question #25

Which part of the neuron conducts the electrical signal away from the cell body region?

A axon

B dendrite

C Schwann cells

D nodes of Ranvier

E choroid plexus

Question #26

In an action potential, the current that flows down the axon of a neuron is generated by the movement of ______ across the membrane.

A neutrons

B free radicals

C protons

D electrons

E ions

Question #27

During this period, a second action potential can only be initiated by a larger than normal stimulus

A Latent period

B Relative refractory period

C Absolute refractory period

D All of these choices

Question #28

Which of the types of junctions is responsible for the impermeability of the blood-brain barrier?

A Gap junctions

B Desmosomes

C Anchoring junctions

D Tight junctions

Question #29

Which part of the neuron conducts the electrical signal away from the
cell body region?

A nodes of Ranvier

B dendrite

C schwann cells

D choroid plexus

E axon

Question #30

Which of the following is NOT a function of the nervous system?

A Integrative function

B Sensory function

C All are functions of the nervous system

D Motor function

Question #31

An excitatory neurotransmitter _________ the postsynaptic membrane.

A repolarizes

B hyperpolarizes

C moves across channels in

D does not affect the polarity of

E depolarizes

Question #32

IPSP stands for

A inhibitory postsynaptic summation potential

B inhibitory postsynaptic potential

C none of these choices

D inhibitory presynaptic summation potential

E inhibitory presynaptic potential.

Question #33

Which of the two modes of transmission is the fastest?

A Chemical synapse

B Electrical synapse

Question #34

The resting membrane potential in cells is primarily influenced by the permeability of this ion:

A K¬+

B Cl-

C Fe2+

D Ca2+

E Na+

Question #35

What best explains the presence of the hyperpolarization phase?

A Activation of the Na+/K+/ATP pump

B Release of neurotransmitter

C K+ channels are open longer than Na+ channels

D Firing of a second action potential

E Closing of voltage-gated Na+ channels

Question #36

When the summed total of postsynaptic potentials rises above threshold, creation of action potentials occurs

A in the synaptic cleft.

B in the neuroplasm.

C in the neuron nucleus

D in the dendrites.

E at the trigger zone.

Question #37

During an action potential, the diffusion of _______ causes it to depolarize.

A Na+ out of the cell

B K+ into the cell

C K+ out of the cell

D Na+ into the cell

Question #38

When a depolarizing graded potential makes the axon membrane depolarize to threshold,

A voltage-gated Ca+2 channels open rapidly.

B none of these choices occur.

C voltage-gated Na+ channels open rapidly.

D ligand-gated Na+ channels close rapidly.

E ligand-gated Ca+2 channels close rapidly.

Question #39

Saltatory conduction

A Fires as a result of a subthreshold graded potential

B Occurs only in myelinated axons

C Happens due to an even distribution of voltage-gated Na+ channels

D Can occur in unmyelinated axons

Question #40

The critical voltage at which the membrane potential must be depolarized in order to cause an action potential is called the:

A Electrical refractory period

B Excitatory postsynaptic potential

C Resting membrane potential

D Threshold potential

E Receptor potential

Question #41

A postsynaptic neuron responds to neurotransmitters released by a presynaptic neuron by creating

A either EPSPs or IPSPs

B IPSPs

C All the choices are correct

D EPSPs

E water-filled channels in its membrane

Question #42

Which of the following are ways to remove a transmitter from the synaptic cleft?

A Enzymatic degradation, Diffusion and Reuptake at axon terminal

B Enzymatic degradation and Diffusion

C Reuptake at axon terminal only

D Enzymatic degradation only

Question #43

In the process of spatial summation, ______ are added together and _____ are subtracted from that total to determine whether _____ will be created at the trigger zone of the postsynaptic neuron.

A EPSPs; action potentials; IPSPs

B EPSPs; IPSPs; action potentials

C IPSPs; action potentials; EPSPs

D EPSPs; IPSPs; graded potentials

E IPSPs; EPSPs; action potentials

Question #44

The resting membrane potential in neurons ranges from:

A +5 to 100 mV

B –25 to –70 mV

C –90 to 5 mV

D None of these choices

E –40 to –90 mV

Question #45

Na+/K+ -ATPase (sodium-potassium pump) is considered to be an electrogenic (produces a change in membrane potential) pump because

A The sodium ions are negatively charged

B It contributes to the negativity of the resting membrane potential

C It exhibits low permeability

D All of the above are correct

Question #46

Which of the following would decrease the speed of action potential propagation?

A Decreased temperature

B Lower amplitude of action potential

C More myelin sheathing

D Increased diameter of axon

E Decreased stimulus strength

Question #47

Faster communication and synchronization are two advantages of

A mechanically-gated channels

B ligand-gated channels

C electrical synapses

D voltage-gated channels

E chemical synapses

Question #48

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is formed by the

A dura mater

B cerebral ganglia

C arachnoid membrane

D choroid plexus

E limbic system

Question #49

Which of the three types of muscle cells would be multi-nucleated?

A Smooth

B Skeletal

C Cardiac

Question #50

Epithelial tissue

A usually has a free surface that interacts with external environment.

B is used to form glands.

C is used as a lining of body cavities and hollow organs.

D All of these Answer choices are correct.

E is used as a covering of body surfaces.

Question #51

Examples of exocrine glands include all of the following except

A Sweat

B Hormones

C Saliva

D Bile

E Breastmilk

Question #52

Blood belongs to which of the following tissue classifications?

A Nervous

B Connective

C Muscle

D Adipose

E Epithelial

Question #53

All of the following are the main tissue classifications, except for

A Nervous

B Connective

C Muscle

D Epithelial

E Adipose

Question #54

This type of epithelial tissue is found lining the heart, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels.

A Simple cuboidal epithelium

B Simple squamous epithelium

C Simple columnar epithelium

D Stratified squamous epithelium

E Stratified cuboidal epithelium

Question #55

Which of the following is NOT a connective tissue?

A Tendons

B Blood

C Bone

D Epidermis

E Cartilage

Question #56

The extracellular matrix of blood tissue consists of

A albumin.

B plasma.

C red blood cells.

D lymph.

E white blood cells.

Question #57

Which of the following describes a single layer of flat epithelial cells?

A Simple cuboidal

B Stratified columnar

D Simple squamous

E Transitional

F Stratified squamous

Question #58

The two principal types of cells found in nervous tissues are

A neurons and mast cells.

B neurons and somites.

C neuroglial cells and neurons.

D neuroglial cells and myofibers.

Question #59

Where would you not expect to find stratified squamous epithelial cells?

A Blood-brain barrier

B Skin

C Mouth lining

D Esophagus

Question #60

The reaction: ADP + Pi + energy -> ATP, is called:

A Phosphorylation

B transcription

C Emancipation

D Deamination

Question #61

Oxidation is

A None of these choices

B The removal of electrons

C The removal of protons

D The addition of protons

E The addition of electrons

Question #62

The step in which pyruvate is shuttled into the mitochondria and converted to acetyl CoA is called

A Krebs cycle

B Glycolysis

C Electron transport chain

D Transition reaction

Question #63

A cell requires ATP for all of the following processes EXCEPT:

A osmosis

B active transport

C cell division

D contraction

E protein synthesis

Question #64

The Electron Transport System is located in the

A nucleolus

B mitochondria

C golgi complex

D cytoplasm

E endoplasmic reticulum

Question #65

Which one of the following reactions does NOT occur in the Krebs cycle?

A generation of ATP

B formation of lactic acid in the absence of oxygen

C Reduction of NAD+ and FADH+

D production of carbon dioxide

Question #66

Which of the following are electron donators in the electron transport chain?

A NADH and FADH2

B FADH2

C NADH

D H+

E All of these are electron acceptors

Question #67

Substrate phosphorylation occurs in what step of cellular respiration?

A Electron transport system

B Glycolysis

C Formation of acetyl-CoA

D Protein synthesis

Question #68

C6H12O6+6O2⟶6CO2+6H2O+36ATPC6H12O6+6O2⟶6CO2+6H2O+36ATP
In the above equation, the oxygen atom in 6H2O6H2O originates from which molecule?

A Glucose

B Carbon dioxide

C Magic

D Oxygen

Question #69

Oxidative phosphorylation takes place in

A Electron transport system

B Protein synthesis

C The Krebs cycle

D Glycolysis

E Formation of acetyl-CoA

Question #70

Which describes the conversion of non-carbohydrate molecules through pyruvic acid to glucose?

A Decarboxylation

B Oxidation

C Gluconeogenesis

D Glycogenolysis

E Carbonification

Question #71

Hydrolysis of ATP is what type of reaction?

A Exergonic

B Endergonic

C Ergonomic

D Erythropoetic

Question #72

Which one of the following reactions does NOT occur in the Krebs cycle?

A production of reduced coenzymes

B formation of lactic acid in the absence of oxygen

C production of carbon dioxide

D generation of ATP

E All of these occur in the Krebs cycle

Question #73

Which of the following is considered anaerobic?

A Krebs cycle

B Transition reaction

C Glycolysis

D Electron transport chain

Try The Exam

Fresh Grad Lands Job as Real Estate Agent With Help from Professional Writers

Need help with your exam preparation?

Below are the questions for the exam with the choices of answers:

Christian S.

Tyra

Linda

Manush

We accept payment