Exam 2

A  Associations of semantic memories

B  Knowledge structure regarding concepts and sequence of activities

C  Use of modeling clay to construct an anatomical model

D  Schemas regarding dynamic systems which vary on degree of completeness and correctness

E  Analogous to the visuospatial sketchpad representing spatial information

A  Lifting heavy memories to build up strength

B  Utilizing knowledge-in-the-world

C  Waiting until a memory is almost forgotten, then recalling it

D  Recalling a memory in quick succession

E  Writing the memory down so that it becomes Knowledge in the World

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Pulsing of Long-term memories

B  Alpha-numeric bias

C  Superiority of letters over numbers

D  Cognitive dissonance

E  Disassociations

A  Easy to put into words (e.g., the route you took to work)

B  Relies on intuition instead of practice

C  Very hard to explain using words (e.g., how to tie a shoe)

D  Develops from a singular event, usually visual in nature

E  Is a subtype of declarative memory

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Repetition during new contexts and immediate rewards

B  Delayed rewards and selective attention

C  Delayed rewards and repetition during new contexts

D  Repetition during similar contexts and immediate rewards

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Pass-phrases are easier to remember due to disassociations, and harder to crack due to dictionary attack methods

B  Pass-phrases are harder to remember due to associations, and easier to crack due to higher character counts

C  Pass-phrases are harder to remember due to disassociations, and harder to crack due to dictionary attack methods

D  Pass-phrases are easier to remember due to associations, and harder to crack due to higher character counts

A  Re-read each chapter

B  Ask a friend for answers

C  Utilize spaced practice

D  Defer to knowledge in the universe

E  Use mass practice

A  Visuospatial sketchpad

B  Long-term memory

C  Phonological loop

D  Negative transfer

E  Short-term memory

A  Bandwidth, Familiarity, and Knowledge in the World

B  Strength, Associations, and Endurance

C  Semantic, Episodic, and Procedural

D  STM, LTM, and ATM

E  Spaced Practice, Mass practice, and Intuition

A  Bandwidth, Familiarity, and Knowledge in the World

B  Larry, Curly, and Moe

C  X, Y, and Z axis

D  Sensation, Perception, Central Processing

E  STM, LTM, and working memory

A  Use of a universal container connector

B  More availability of safety gloves

C  Improved contrast ratio of warning label text

D  Locks added to cabinets near the sink

E  Use of red coloring added to the soap solution

A  Inattentioal blindness is more prevalent with visually impaired users

B  Change blindness occurs only when we are tired

C  Cognitive bandwidth is limitless

D  Objects can be hidden in plane site due to selective attention

E  Gorillas can move very fast

A  The heads-up display requires looking down towards the instrument cluster

B  When a driver’s eyes are on the road, it doesn’t mean their mind is also on the road

C  Heads-up displays cannot be used while wearing polarized sunglasses

D  Touch screen displays have superseded the need for heads-up displays

E  Heads-up displays are only offered in fighter jets

A  Expectancy and Value

B  Salience and Effort

C  Visuospatial sketchpad and Phonological loop

D  Short-term memory and Long-term memory

E  Id and Ego

A  3G66RK

B  36 6GRK

C  366 GRK

D  366GRK

E  3G 66RK

A  70 minutes

B  70 seconds

C  7 hours

D  7 days

E  7 seconds

A  4 chipmunks

B  4 chunks

C  7 +/- 2 chipmunks

D  7 +/- 2 chunks

E  +/- 2 chunks

A  Mismatch between visual cues and felt motion

B  Use of headphones instead of ear-buds

C  Low quality video feeds causing eye strain

D  Sound levels that exceed the user’s expectations

E  Use of Dramamine

A  Smell

B  Gravity

C  Vesting

D  Temperature

E  Haptics

A  Situations involving hands-free operation

B  During high visual load

C  Alerts for use in high vibration environments

D  For tactile response personnel

E  When gloved hands are necessary

A  Gloves might reduce a user’s likelihood of using a button

B  Gloves can be made of latex, which can result in an allergic reaction

C  Gloves can reduce felt tactile feedback

D  Gloves are always optional

E  Controls can not be designed for use by a gloved hand

F  Gloves have a tendency to inhibit hand-eye-coordination

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Using rhyming words

B  Limiting the number of messages, and Designing loudness to be at least 20 decibels over ambient noise only

C  Avoiding slang vocabulary only

D  Avoiding slang vocabulary, Limiting the number of messages, and Designing loudness to be at least 20 decibels over ambient noise

A  When color vision is impaired as opposed to monochromatic vision

B  When there are high levels of ambient noise, such as busy road intersections

C  When there are fast moving objects requiring more saccadic eye movements

D  For musically inclined individuals

E  When omni-directional (360 degree) situational awareness is required since vision is limited to 130 degrees

A  The human vestibular system has been shown to be more accurate than aircraft instruments

B  The human vestibular system is more accurate than instruments only in white out conditions

C  The human vestibular system picks up haptic cues from the flight controls

D  The human vestibular system is not tuned for un-natural environments resulting in false sensations

E  The human vestibular system is dominant over vision during clear skies

A  3 decibels louder, since this level represents double the acoustic energy

B  10 decibels louder, since the sound scale is logarithmic

C  10 decibels louder, since this level represents double the perceived loudness

D  30 decibels louder, since this level guarantees detection

E  3 decibels louder, since this level represents the JND (just noticeable difference)

A  The audiogram scale, since it replicates spatial tones

B  The dB(A) weighting scale, since it approximates human hearing sensitivities

C  The dB(B) weighting scale, since it approximates human hearing sensitivities

D  The Hz weighting scale, since it measures cycles per second

E  The dB(C) weighting scale, since it approximates human hearing sensitivities

A  Macular degeneration

B  Both high and low frequency sensitivity increase with age

C  Low frequencies tend to be lost as we age

D  High frequencies tend to be lost as we age

E  Presbyopia

A  20 to 20,000 Hz

B  2,000 to 5,000 Hz

C  Ultra-sonic frequencies

D  Sub-sonic frequencies

E  20 kilowatts

A  Color has no impact on test taker performance

B  Test taker performance has shown to be better using green ink

C  There has been no research conducted on the effects of color and test performance

D  Test taker performance has shown to be better using red ink

A  Avoid redundant color cues at night

B  Exposure to varying colors of light color has no relationship with circadian rhythms

C  Maximize use of ultraviolet light at night

D  Use infrared light to keep surfaces warm

E  Minimize use of blue light at night

A  4.5 to 1

B  3.0 to 1

C  10 to 1

D  1 to 1

E  7.0 to 1

F  0 to 1

A  0.7 millimeters

B  0.7 lux

C  0.7 feet

D  0.7 degrees

E  0.7 inches

F  Bond rule does not allow you to compute letter height

A  Use Zebra stripes to conceal outlines during motion

B  Use more closely spaced stripes as the biker approaches the hazard

C  Use stripes that vary in shape to allow them to be more readily detected

D  Use different colors to indicate the presence of a hazard ahead

E  Use fiber optics instead of traditional paint to improve saliency

A  Color improves the user experience

B  Color is always better than grayscale

C  Color is reserved for graphic designers

D  Color is critical for scotopic vision

E  Color should never be the only design cue

A  It does not matter since Human Factors does not consider the effects of lighting  

B  Red light since it causes less interference to dark adaptation

C  Green light since it is associated with moving forward

D  Red light since it is most visually salient

E  Green light since it allows for detection for a larger variety of shades

A  10 lux

B  0.01 lux

C  All lux levels

D  0.1 lux

E  100 lux

F  1 lux

A  30

B  3

C  10

D  5

E  1

A  Responsible for color vision

B  Responsible for sensing ultrasonic frequencies

C  Operates on very low light levels

D  Responsible for proprioception

E  Contains 3 types of rod cells (red/green/blue)

A  Visual acuity increases closer to the fovea

B  Objects appear larger due to top-down bias

C  Visual acuity remains unchanged, only color perception is affected

D  Visual acuity decreases closer to the fovea

E  Objects appear smaller due to bottom-up bias

A  There tends to be no difference between vision of younger and older individuals

B  Older individuals need to squint more often due to reduced tear production

C  Older individuals tend to have presbyopia, reducing the ability to focus on objects closer than 1 meter

D  Younger individuals have more practice looking at nearby objects due to technology exposure