Exam 2

A  Schemas regarding dynamic systems which vary on degree of completeness and correctness

B  Use of modeling clay to construct an anatomical model

C  Knowledge structure regarding concepts and sequence of activities

D  Analogous to the visuospatial sketchpad representing spatial information

E  Associations of semantic memories

A  Waiting until a memory is almost forgotten, then recalling it

B  Recalling a memory in quick succession

C  Utilizing knowledge-in-the-world

D  Lifting heavy memories to build up strength

E  Writing the memory down so that it becomes Knowledge in the World

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Cognitive dissonance

B  Disassociations

C  Pulsing of Long-term memories

D  Alpha-numeric bias

E  Superiority of letters over numbers

A  Very hard to explain using words (e.g., how to tie a shoe)

B  Develops from a singular event, usually visual in nature

C  Relies on intuition instead of practice

D  Easy to put into words (e.g., the route you took to work)

E  Is a subtype of declarative memory

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Delayed rewards and selective attention

B  Repetition during similar contexts and immediate rewards

C  Repetition during new contexts and immediate rewards

D  Delayed rewards and repetition during new contexts

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Pass-phrases are harder to remember due to disassociations, and harder to crack due to dictionary attack methods

B  Pass-phrases are harder to remember due to associations, and easier to crack due to higher character counts

C  Pass-phrases are easier to remember due to associations, and harder to crack due to higher character counts

D  Pass-phrases are easier to remember due to disassociations, and harder to crack due to dictionary attack methods

A  Utilize spaced practice

B  Re-read each chapter

C  Ask a friend for answers

D  Use mass practice

E  Defer to knowledge in the universe

A  Negative transfer

B  Phonological loop

C  Short-term memory

D  Visuospatial sketchpad

E  Long-term memory

A  Strength, Associations, and Endurance

B  Spaced Practice, Mass practice, and Intuition

C  Semantic, Episodic, and Procedural

D  STM, LTM, and ATM

E  Bandwidth, Familiarity, and Knowledge in the World

A  STM, LTM, and working memory

B  Sensation, Perception, Central Processing

C  X, Y, and Z axis

D  Larry, Curly, and Moe

E  Bandwidth, Familiarity, and Knowledge in the World

A  Use of red coloring added to the soap solution

B  More availability of safety gloves

C  Improved contrast ratio of warning label text

D  Locks added to cabinets near the sink

E  Use of a universal container connector

A  Cognitive bandwidth is limitless

B  Gorillas can move very fast

C  Inattentioal blindness is more prevalent with visually impaired users

D  Objects can be hidden in plane site due to selective attention

E  Change blindness occurs only when we are tired

A  Heads-up displays cannot be used while wearing polarized sunglasses

B  Heads-up displays are only offered in fighter jets

C  When a driver’s eyes are on the road, it doesn’t mean their mind is also on the road

D  The heads-up display requires looking down towards the instrument cluster

E  Touch screen displays have superseded the need for heads-up displays

A  Short-term memory and Long-term memory

B  Expectancy and Value

C  Id and Ego

D  Salience and Effort

E  Visuospatial sketchpad and Phonological loop

A  3G66RK

B  366GRK

C  366 GRK

D  36 6GRK

E  3G 66RK

A  7 seconds

B  7 days

C  70 minutes

D  70 seconds

E  7 hours

A  +/- 2 chunks

B  7 +/- 2 chipmunks

C  4 chunks

D  4 chipmunks

E  7 +/- 2 chunks

A  Use of headphones instead of ear-buds

B  Mismatch between visual cues and felt motion

C  Low quality video feeds causing eye strain

D  Use of Dramamine

E  Sound levels that exceed the user’s expectations

A  Gravity

B  Haptics

C  Smell

D  Temperature

E  Vesting

A  Situations involving hands-free operation

B  During high visual load

C  Alerts for use in high vibration environments

D  When gloved hands are necessary

E  For tactile response personnel

A  Gloves can reduce felt tactile feedback

B  Gloves have a tendency to inhibit hand-eye-coordination

C  Gloves are always optional

D  Gloves might reduce a user’s likelihood of using a button

E  Controls can not be designed for use by a gloved hand

F  Gloves can be made of latex, which can result in an allergic reaction

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Using rhyming words

B  Avoiding slang vocabulary, Limiting the number of messages, and Designing loudness to be at least 20 decibels over ambient noise

C  Limiting the number of messages, and Designing loudness to be at least 20 decibels over ambient noise only

D  Avoiding slang vocabulary only

A  When color vision is impaired as opposed to monochromatic vision

B  When there are fast moving objects requiring more saccadic eye movements

C  For musically inclined individuals

D  When there are high levels of ambient noise, such as busy road intersections

E  When omni-directional (360 degree) situational awareness is required since vision is limited to 130 degrees

A  The human vestibular system is more accurate than instruments only in white out conditions

B  The human vestibular system has been shown to be more accurate than aircraft instruments

C  The human vestibular system picks up haptic cues from the flight controls

D  The human vestibular system is dominant over vision during clear skies

E  The human vestibular system is not tuned for un-natural environments resulting in false sensations

A  3 decibels louder, since this level represents double the acoustic energy

B  3 decibels louder, since this level represents the JND (just noticeable difference)

C  30 decibels louder, since this level guarantees detection

D  10 decibels louder, since the sound scale is logarithmic

E  10 decibels louder, since this level represents double the perceived loudness

A  The dB(C) weighting scale, since it approximates human hearing sensitivities

B  The dB(A) weighting scale, since it approximates human hearing sensitivities

C  The Hz weighting scale, since it measures cycles per second

D  The audiogram scale, since it replicates spatial tones

E  The dB(B) weighting scale, since it approximates human hearing sensitivities

A  Both high and low frequency sensitivity increase with age

B  High frequencies tend to be lost as we age

C  Low frequencies tend to be lost as we age

D  Macular degeneration

E  Presbyopia

A  Ultra-sonic frequencies

B  2,000 to 5,000 Hz

C  20 to 20,000 Hz

D  Sub-sonic frequencies

E  20 kilowatts

A  Color has no impact on test taker performance

B  Test taker performance has shown to be better using green ink

C  Test taker performance has shown to be better using red ink

D  There has been no research conducted on the effects of color and test performance

A  Maximize use of ultraviolet light at night

B  Avoid redundant color cues at night

C  Exposure to varying colors of light color has no relationship with circadian rhythms

D  Minimize use of blue light at night

E  Use infrared light to keep surfaces warm

A  4.5 to 1

B  0 to 1

C  10 to 1

D  3.0 to 1

E  7.0 to 1

F  1 to 1

A  0.7 lux

B  0.7 feet

C  0.7 degrees

D  0.7 millimeters

E  Bond rule does not allow you to compute letter height

F  0.7 inches

A  Use Zebra stripes to conceal outlines during motion

B  Use stripes that vary in shape to allow them to be more readily detected

C  Use different colors to indicate the presence of a hazard ahead

D  Use more closely spaced stripes as the biker approaches the hazard

E  Use fiber optics instead of traditional paint to improve saliency

A  Color improves the user experience

B  Color is critical for scotopic vision

C  Color is always better than grayscale

D  Color is reserved for graphic designers

E  Color should never be the only design cue

A  It does not matter since Human Factors does not consider the effects of lighting  

B  Red light since it is most visually salient

C  Green light since it is associated with moving forward

D  Green light since it allows for detection for a larger variety of shades

E  Red light since it causes less interference to dark adaptation

A  All lux levels

B  100 lux

C  10 lux

D  1 lux

E  0.01 lux

F  0.1 lux

A  30

B  10

C  3

D  1

E  5

A  Responsible for color vision

B  Operates on very low light levels

C  Responsible for proprioception

D  Responsible for sensing ultrasonic frequencies

E  Contains 3 types of rod cells (red/green/blue)

A  Visual acuity decreases closer to the fovea

B  Visual acuity increases closer to the fovea

C  Objects appear smaller due to bottom-up bias

D  Visual acuity remains unchanged, only color perception is affected

E  Objects appear larger due to top-down bias

A  Older individuals need to squint more often due to reduced tear production

B  There tends to be no difference between vision of younger and older individuals

C  Younger individuals have more practice looking at nearby objects due to technology exposure

D  Older individuals tend to have presbyopia, reducing the ability to focus on objects closer than 1 meter