Exam 2

A  Schemas regarding dynamic systems which vary on degree of completeness and correctness

B  Analogous to the visuospatial sketchpad representing spatial information

C  Associations of semantic memories

D  Use of modeling clay to construct an anatomical model

E  Knowledge structure regarding concepts and sequence of activities

A  Writing the memory down so that it becomes Knowledge in the World

B  Lifting heavy memories to build up strength

C  Waiting until a memory is almost forgotten, then recalling it

D  Recalling a memory in quick succession

E  Utilizing knowledge-in-the-world

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Pulsing of Long-term memories

B  Superiority of letters over numbers

C  Alpha-numeric bias

D  Cognitive dissonance

E  Disassociations

A  Easy to put into words (e.g., the route you took to work)

B  Develops from a singular event, usually visual in nature

C  Relies on intuition instead of practice

D  Very hard to explain using words (e.g., how to tie a shoe)

E  Is a subtype of declarative memory

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Delayed rewards and selective attention

B  Delayed rewards and repetition during new contexts

C  Repetition during new contexts and immediate rewards

D  Repetition during similar contexts and immediate rewards

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Pass-phrases are harder to remember due to disassociations, and harder to crack due to dictionary attack methods

B  Pass-phrases are easier to remember due to associations, and harder to crack due to higher character counts

C  Pass-phrases are harder to remember due to associations, and easier to crack due to higher character counts

D  Pass-phrases are easier to remember due to disassociations, and harder to crack due to dictionary attack methods

A  Use mass practice

B  Ask a friend for answers

C  Utilize spaced practice

D  Re-read each chapter

E  Defer to knowledge in the universe

A  Short-term memory

B  Long-term memory

C  Negative transfer

D  Phonological loop

E  Visuospatial sketchpad

A  Strength, Associations, and Endurance

B  Semantic, Episodic, and Procedural

C  STM, LTM, and ATM

D  Spaced Practice, Mass practice, and Intuition

E  Bandwidth, Familiarity, and Knowledge in the World

A  X, Y, and Z axis

B  STM, LTM, and working memory

C  Larry, Curly, and Moe

D  Sensation, Perception, Central Processing

E  Bandwidth, Familiarity, and Knowledge in the World

A  Use of red coloring added to the soap solution

B  Use of a universal container connector

C  Improved contrast ratio of warning label text

D  More availability of safety gloves

E  Locks added to cabinets near the sink

A  Change blindness occurs only when we are tired

B  Objects can be hidden in plane site due to selective attention

C  Inattentioal blindness is more prevalent with visually impaired users

D  Gorillas can move very fast

E  Cognitive bandwidth is limitless

A  When a driver’s eyes are on the road, it doesn’t mean their mind is also on the road

B  Touch screen displays have superseded the need for heads-up displays

C  Heads-up displays cannot be used while wearing polarized sunglasses

D  Heads-up displays are only offered in fighter jets

E  The heads-up display requires looking down towards the instrument cluster

A  Visuospatial sketchpad and Phonological loop

B  Expectancy and Value

C  Salience and Effort

D  Id and Ego

E  Short-term memory and Long-term memory

A  366 GRK

B  36 6GRK

C  3G66RK

D  366GRK

E  3G 66RK

A  7 days

B  7 seconds

C  70 minutes

D  7 hours

E  70 seconds

A  7 +/- 2 chipmunks

B  4 chipmunks

C  +/- 2 chunks

D  4 chunks

E  7 +/- 2 chunks

A  Mismatch between visual cues and felt motion

B  Use of Dramamine

C  Use of headphones instead of ear-buds

D  Low quality video feeds causing eye strain

E  Sound levels that exceed the user’s expectations

A  Smell

B  Temperature

C  Vesting

D  Gravity

E  Haptics

A  For tactile response personnel

B  Situations involving hands-free operation

C  Alerts for use in high vibration environments

D  When gloved hands are necessary

E  During high visual load

A  Gloves can be made of latex, which can result in an allergic reaction

B  Gloves are always optional

C  Gloves can reduce felt tactile feedback

D  Gloves might reduce a user’s likelihood of using a button

E  Controls can not be designed for use by a gloved hand

F  Gloves have a tendency to inhibit hand-eye-coordination

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Avoiding slang vocabulary, Limiting the number of messages, and Designing loudness to be at least 20 decibels over ambient noise

B  Avoiding slang vocabulary only

C  Limiting the number of messages, and Designing loudness to be at least 20 decibels over ambient noise only

D  Using rhyming words

A  When color vision is impaired as opposed to monochromatic vision

B  For musically inclined individuals

C  When omni-directional (360 degree) situational awareness is required since vision is limited to 130 degrees

D  When there are fast moving objects requiring more saccadic eye movements

E  When there are high levels of ambient noise, such as busy road intersections

A  The human vestibular system is dominant over vision during clear skies

B  The human vestibular system is not tuned for un-natural environments resulting in false sensations

C  The human vestibular system picks up haptic cues from the flight controls

D  The human vestibular system has been shown to be more accurate than aircraft instruments

E  The human vestibular system is more accurate than instruments only in white out conditions

A  3 decibels louder, since this level represents double the acoustic energy

B  10 decibels louder, since this level represents double the perceived loudness

C  3 decibels louder, since this level represents the JND (just noticeable difference)

D  30 decibels louder, since this level guarantees detection

E  10 decibels louder, since the sound scale is logarithmic

A  The dB(C) weighting scale, since it approximates human hearing sensitivities

B  The audiogram scale, since it replicates spatial tones

C  The Hz weighting scale, since it measures cycles per second

D  The dB(A) weighting scale, since it approximates human hearing sensitivities

E  The dB(B) weighting scale, since it approximates human hearing sensitivities

A  Low frequencies tend to be lost as we age

B  Macular degeneration

C  Presbyopia

D  High frequencies tend to be lost as we age

E  Both high and low frequency sensitivity increase with age

A  20 kilowatts

B  Ultra-sonic frequencies

C  Sub-sonic frequencies

D  20 to 20,000 Hz

E  2,000 to 5,000 Hz

A  Color has no impact on test taker performance

B  There has been no research conducted on the effects of color and test performance

C  Test taker performance has shown to be better using green ink

D  Test taker performance has shown to be better using red ink

A  Minimize use of blue light at night

B  Exposure to varying colors of light color has no relationship with circadian rhythms

C  Maximize use of ultraviolet light at night

D  Avoid redundant color cues at night

E  Use infrared light to keep surfaces warm

A  4.5 to 1

B  1 to 1

C  3.0 to 1

D  7.0 to 1

E  0 to 1

F  10 to 1

A  0.7 millimeters

B  0.7 lux

C  0.7 inches

D  0.7 feet

E  0.7 degrees

F  Bond rule does not allow you to compute letter height

A  Use fiber optics instead of traditional paint to improve saliency

B  Use stripes that vary in shape to allow them to be more readily detected

C  Use Zebra stripes to conceal outlines during motion

D  Use more closely spaced stripes as the biker approaches the hazard

E  Use different colors to indicate the presence of a hazard ahead

A  Color improves the user experience

B  Color is critical for scotopic vision

C  Color is reserved for graphic designers

D  Color is always better than grayscale

E  Color should never be the only design cue

A  Green light since it allows for detection for a larger variety of shades

B  It does not matter since Human Factors does not consider the effects of lighting  

C  Green light since it is associated with moving forward

D  Red light since it is most visually salient

E  Red light since it causes less interference to dark adaptation

A  0.1 lux

B  1 lux

C  0.01 lux

D  10 lux

E  100 lux

F  All lux levels

A  1

B  10

C  30

D  5

E  3

A  Responsible for color vision

B  Operates on very low light levels

C  Responsible for proprioception

D  Responsible for sensing ultrasonic frequencies

E  Contains 3 types of rod cells (red/green/blue)

A  Visual acuity decreases closer to the fovea

B  Visual acuity increases closer to the fovea

C  Objects appear smaller due to bottom-up bias

D  Visual acuity remains unchanged, only color perception is affected

E  Objects appear larger due to top-down bias

A  There tends to be no difference between vision of younger and older individuals

B  Younger individuals have more practice looking at nearby objects due to technology exposure

C  Older individuals tend to have presbyopia, reducing the ability to focus on objects closer than 1 meter

D  Older individuals need to squint more often due to reduced tear production