Exam 4

A  Compound retina

B  Tubular eyes

C  Lateral vision

D  Secondary retina

A  predators are above, not below

B  there is no sunlight and no silhouettes

C  the lumination would be too bright

D  it is energetically expensive

A  hypoxic, vertical migration

B  hyperoxic, temperature

C  anoxic, salinity

D  hypoxic, food supply

A  Archaea

B  Cyanobacteria

C  Viruses

D  Bacteria

A  cold water

B  upwelling

C  warm water

D  migrations

A  low, medium

B  high, medium

C  medium, high

D  low, high

A  best known from eclipses, when the layer moves to greater depth

B  a mysterious sound producing layer at depth

C  a layer of predators that scatters migrating organisms, as they attempt to prey on them

D  a sound scattering layer (or layers) of organisms that often vertically migrates

E  layer of particles that scatters light at depth

A  bacteria-like (prokaryotic) organisms

B  non-photosynthetic algae (eukaryotes) that use the unusual salt mixtures of the vents as food to increase their biomass

C  marine snow

D  the rain of detritus

E  basically normal invertebrates, but ones that grow rapidly due to the warmth of the environment

A  seawater with so many minerals that it looks black

B  hot water pouring up from the deep-sea floor

C  volcanic activity nearby

D  ‘chimneys’ made from minerals, some over 40 feet high

E  all of the above

A  Provide nesting or resting areas to many seabirds

B  All of the choices are true

C  Provide habitats to many species

D  Directly or indirectly provide food to many species

E  Are among the most productive of all marine ecosystems 

A  Parasitic bacteria

B  Mixotrophic bacteria

C  Heterotrophic bacteria

D  Photosynthetic bacteria

E  Chemosynthetic bacteria

A  Species caught as part of traditional fisheries

B  Species caught for industrial purposes

C  Non-targeted organisms caught while fishing for other species     

D  Farm raised fish

E  Krill and other shellfish

A  Heterotrophic

B  Chemosynthetic

C  Parasitic

D  Symbiotic 

E  Photosynthetic 

A  Large size

B  Needle-like teeth

C  Generalized diet

D  Large mouths

E  Extensible jaws

A  1.00%

B  17%

C  10%

D  0.50%

E  25%

A  Pelicans

B  Great Blue Herons

C  Common gulls

D  Cormorants

E  Frigate Birds