Exam 3

A  waves

B  salinity

C  nutrients

D  predation

E  temperature

F  light

A  genetic adaptation

B  physiological adaptation

C  physiological acclimatization

D  genetic acclimatization

A  food

B  space

C  sexual partners

D  light

A  Pleistocene

B  Paleocene

C  Pliocene

D  Protocene

A  partitioning

B  generalization

C  sharing

D  specialization

A  ocean, brackish water

B  rivers, seawater

C  creeks, inland waterways

D  lakes, hyposaline pools

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  porous, inhabitants

B  calcium-proteinaceous, producers

C  thin, builders

D  calcium carbonate, builders

A  interspecific, intraspecific

B  facilitative, agonistic

C  intraspecific, interspecific

D  agonistic, true

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Upper

B  Middle

C  Lower

A  fungal, mass spawning

B  dinoflagellate, bleaching

C  cyanobacteria, bleaching

D  zooxanthellae, mortality

A  bar-build estuaries

B  coastal plain estuaries

C  drowned fiver valleys

D  fjord

A  Carrying capacity

B  Maximum capacity

C  Steady state

D  An ecosystem’s limit

A  silt, clay, mud

B  clay, silt, mud

C  mud, silt, clay

A  none of these

B  aerial respiration

C  use of the operculum

D  evaporative cooling

E  natal homing

A  scallops

B  abalone

C  mussels

D  squids

E  tube snails

A  chitin

B  silicate

C  calcium carbonate

D  calcium bicarbonate

E  strontium sulphate

A  otters in kelp forests

B  turtles in the intertidal

C  salmon in estuaries

D  octopus in the lower intertidal

E  barnacles in the intertidal

A  The Coriolis effect

B  High tides moving in

C  Freshwater moving from rivers

D  Salt wedge moving toward the surface

E  Differences in water temperature as one moves inland

A  the Aleutian Islands

B  the Indo-Pacific

C  the Caribbean

D  the Hawaiian Islands

E  the Galapagos

A  gamete spawners

B  brooders

C  sexual reproducers

D  broadcast spawners

A  tertiary consumer

B  secondary consumer

C  primary producer

D  quaternary consumer

E  primary consumer

A  Tide pools in the upper intertidal where birds commonly bathe (seen from a distance as a “splash” environment)

B  Regions of the lower tide zones where animals can retreat and remain wet at most times in the tidal cycle

C  The region where crabs are usually found and “splash” around during feeding activities

D  The upper most area of the intertidal, not usually covered by the tides during most days, but that is “splashed” with sea water during high tides

E  Intertidal zones where splashing of waves is magnified by the shape of the local rock formations

A  Release mucus and other chemicals

B  Help in the deposition of the skeleton

C  Provide the coral with protection from herbivores

D  Provide the coral with protection from predators

E  Provide the coral with carbon dioxide

A  Provide nesting or resting areas to many seabirds

B  All of the choices are true

C  Directly or indirectly provide food to many species

D  Are among the most productive of all marine ecosystems

E  Provide habitats to many species

A  Only live in temperate waters

B  Have zooxanthellae

C  Are non-reef builders

D  Are scavengers

E  Always have a soft skeleton

A  mutualistic

B  episodic

C  parasitic

D  symbiotic

E  commensalistic

A  salinity

B  light

C  tides

D  shifting sand

E  food

A  More species overall

B  Decrease in the number of seaweeds

C  Increase in the number of mussels

D  Fewer species

E  Less wave action

A  15%

B  10%

C  2%

D  5%

A  regulate gas exchange

B  float blades toward the surface

C  provide surface for epiphyte growth

D  provide CO2 for photosynthesis

A  atolls

B  barrier reefs

C  keys

D  locks

E  fringing reefs

A  Mostly physical factors

B  Both biological and physical factors

C  Mostly biological factors

D  Neither physical nor biological factors

A  Light

B  Predation

C  Temerature

D  Salinity

E  Substrate

A  Need less oxygen to survive

B  Can survive broad changes in salinity

C  Tolerate only a narrow range of salinities

D  Are less common in estuaries than stenohaline species

E  Only tolerate small temperature changes

A  typically found as a mounded structure on a continental shelf

B  typically found on a submerged volcano

C  a type of coral commonly found on oceanic spreading centers

D  a volcanic structure with abundant calcareous worms