Lecture Exam 3

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Question #1

Which of the following enzymes is used to unwind, transcribe, and rewind DNA during transcription?

A primase

B RNA polymerase

C topisomerase

D DNA polymerase

Question #2

If a particular short DNA sequence is AGATTC, the corresponding RNA sequence will be:

A UCUAAG.

B AGAUUC.

C AGATTC.

D TCTAAG.

Question #3

Copy of Which of the following represents the correct flow of genetic information, from DNAï mRNAï tRNA:

A TTGACT ï AACUGAï UUGACU

B UUGACUï AACUGAï TTGACT

C UUGACUï TTGACTï AACUGA

D AACUGAï TTGACTï UUGACU

Question #4

A gene is a segment of mRNA:

A between a start and stop codon

B between a stop and start codon

C between two start codons

D at the end of two stop codons

Question #5

In our lecture, I compared genes to:

A colors of the rainbow

B books of information

C different cars

D types of people

Question #6

DNA molecules are made up of subunits called nucleotides. How many different types of nucleotides are used to make DNA molecules?

A two types

B three types

C one type

D four types

Question #7

All of the following are true statements concerning DNA structure, EXCEPT:

A the two strands of a DNA molecule are held together by hydrogen bonds.

B the two strands of a DNA molecule are antiparallel to each other.

C DNA contains the nitrogenous bases A, C, G, and U.

D DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose.

Question #8

During replication, which of the following enzymes corrects DNA from overwinding ahead of the replication fork?

A topoisomerase

B primase

C helicase

D DNA polymerase

Question #9

DNA unwinding is done by:

A helicase

B DNA polymerase

C ligase

D topoisomerase

Question #10

Okazaki fragments are:

A short gaps on the lagging copy DNA strand

B short gaps on the leading copy DNA strand

C short gaps on the leading parent DNA strand

D short gaps on the lagging parent DNA strand

Question #11

Original DNA sequence: ATC CAT
Mutated DNA sequence: ATC GCAT.
What type of mutation occurred?

A insertion

B point mutation

C silent

D deletion

Question #12

Original DNA: CAT GAT
Mutated DNA: CAT AT
What type of mutation occurred?

A substitution

B deletion

C insertion

D silent

Question #13

A type of substitution in which no amino acids change is called:

A missense

B silent

C Deletion

D nonsense

Question #14

Bacterial conjugation is an example of:

A horizontal gene transfer

B transduction

C vertical gene transfer

D bacterial transformation

Question #15

The transfer of genes from one cell to another by a bacteriophage is known as:

A transduction

B conjugation

C recombination

D transformation

Question #16

Genes transferred from one cell to another is called:

A transfer of gene

B vertical gene transfer

C gene transfer

D horizontal gene transfer

Question #17

The transfer of naked DNA from one cell to another is referred to as:

A lysogeny

B conjugation

C transformation

D transduction

Question #18

A protein that binds to the operator and blocks the RNA polymerase is called the:

A corepressor

B regulator

C repressor

D activator

Question #19

Transcription of the structural genes in an inducible operon:

A starts when the pathways product is present.

B occurs continuously in the cell.

C starts when the pathway’s substrate is present.

D does not result in the production of enzymes.

E stops when the pathway’s product is present.

Question #20

The lactose operon is likely to be transcribed when:

A the cAMP level is high and the lactose level is low.

B the cyclic AMP levels are low.

C there is glucose but no lactose in the cell.

D the cyclic AMP and lactose levels are both high within the cell.

E there is more glucose in the cell than lactose.

Question #21

This protein is produced by a regulatory gene:

A inducer

B promotor

C corepressor

D operon

E repressor

Question #22

The Escherichia coli lac operon is transcribed when:

A lactose is present.

B repressor protein is bound to the operator.

C all of these

D lactose binds to the promoter.

Question #23

The Calvin-Benson cycle is considered a cycle because the end product, ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) in this sequence chemically reacts with CO2 to form more product, which in turn, can be used to start the process to make glucose. What is the name of the first compound made in this cycle?

A NAD+

B CO2

C phosphoglyceric acid

D oxaloacetic acid

E O2

Question #24

During light-dependent photosynthesis, photosythetic microbes make NADPH. Ultimately, what will NADPH made in this step be used for?

A oxidized in order to make CO2

B oxidized in order to make water

C reduced in order to make glucose

D oxidized in order to make ATP

E oxidized in order to make glucose

Question #25

Which molecule would absolutely have to be present in order to keep the Krebs cycle turning and making more products?

A H20

B O2

C Acetyl CoA

D ATP

E NADH

Question #26

The Kreb’s cycle completes two full turns for the oxidation of all pyruvic acid from glycolysis. How many total NADH molecules are made from Krebs cycle reactions only?

A 4

B 0

C 8

D 2

E 6

Question #27

The Kreb’s cycle is a sequence of enzyme reactions that regenerate themselves once acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) is added. Citric acid is the first compound in this sequence of reactions. The cycle continues when citric acid is further oxidized yield a product in the final step of this cycle. What is the name of the final product in this cycle?

A CO2

B oxaloacetic acid

C phosphoglyceric acid

D NAD+

E O2

Question #28

During the first glycolytic step, 2 ATP molecules have to be invested. The energy from these ATPs is used to immediately make a new molecule so that it can be oxidized later on in glycolysis. What is the name of this new molecule?

A glucose 3-phosphate (G3P)

B pyruvic acid

C glucose 6-phosphate (G6P)

D oxaloacetic acid

E citric acid

Question #29

During the glycolysis Energy Conserving stage, two glycolytic end-products or final products are made. Which of the following are the final glycolytic products?

A glucose 3-phosphate (G3P)

B phosphoglyceric acid

C oxaloacetic acid

D pyruvic acid

Question #30

NAD+, FAD, and NADP+ are all examples of:

A precursor metabolites.

B electron carriers.

C enzymes.

D cytochromes.

Question #31

What does NADH transfer?

A ATP

B phosphate groups

C acetyl groups

D electrons

E Acetyl CoA

Question #32

Microbial fermentation can be detected in laboratory identification by observing a change in:

A glucose levels

B pH

C temperature

D oxygen levels

Question #33

Which metabolic pathway or process is common to both aerobic oxidation and fermentation of sugar?

A glycolysis

B electron transport system

C transition reaction

D Krebs cycle

Question #34

Reducing enzyme activity by blocking its active sites is called:

A allosteric inhibition

B non-competitive inhibition

C competitive inhibition

D feedback inhibition

Question #35

Enzymes are capable of increasing the rate of a chemical reaction through which of the following processes?

A increasing available ATP

B reducing the activation energy

C Increasing the activation energy

D changing pH

Question #36

Some of the drugs used to treat HIV patients are competitive inhibitors of the HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme. Unfortunately, the high mutation rate of HIV means that the virus rapidly acquires mutations with amino acid changes that make them resistant to competitive inhibitors. If these drugs are competative inhibitors, where in the reverse transcriptase enzyme would such an amino acid change most likely occur in drug resistant viruses?

A such mutations could occur anywhere with equal probability

B in regions of the protein that determine packaging into the virus capsid

C at a cofactor binding site

D at an allosteric site

E in the active site

Question #37

In allosteric feedback inhibition, which molecule ultimately inactivates the FIRST enzyme in a series of reactions involving many enzymes in a cascade?

A the final product in the reaction series

B the second enzyme in the reaction series

C a new substrate that the cell absorbs

D sunlight

Question #38

How does extreme temperature affect mesophilic proteins?

A breaks chemical bonds

B destroys products

C preserves existing chemical bonds

D destroys substrates

Question #39

The proton motive force is:

A the accumulation of water formed in respiration

B the movement of flagella

C the movement of water across a membrane

D a H+ electrochemical gradient formed across the plasma membrane

E ATP accumulation in the plasma membrane

Question #40

Why is oxygen necessary in aerobic cellular respiration?

A it is important in creating oxaloacetic acid in the Krebs cycle.

B it provides the hydrogen nuclei needed to create a proton gradient outside of the cell

C it is needed for glycolysis, which begins the process of respiration in cells.

D it is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.

Question #41

Dividing bacterial cells require large amounts of energy in the form of ATP. Which of the following processes results in the greatest production of ATP?

A the Kreb’s cycle

B glycolysis

C fermentation

D substrate-level phosphorylation

E oxidative phosphorylation

Question #42

Which of the following statements is an accurate description of what happens in electron transport?

A NADH and FADH are reduced.

B NADH and FADH are oxidized.

C The final electron acceptor is oxidized.

D The electrons gain energy with each transfer in the chain.

Question #43

What is the oxidative phosphorylation function of the ATP proton pump?

A to make ADP

B to make ATP

C to make O2

D to make CO2

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