Chapter 1 Quiz

A  The same group of participants repeatedly at different ages

B  Groups of participants differencing in age at the same point in time 

C  Participants over the same ages but in different years

D  Participants of the same age at the same point in time

A  Groups of participants differing in age at the same point in time 

B  Participants over the same ages but in different years

C  The same grow

D  Group of participants repeatedly at different ages

A  Cross-sectional 

B  Sequential 

C  Correlational

D  Longitudinal 

A  Cohort effects

B  Practice effects 

C  Random assignment 

D  Biased sampling 

A   Sequential 

B  Correctional

C  Cross- sectional 

D  Longitudinal 

A  Cross-sectional 

B  Longitudinal 

C  Experimental 

D  Correlational

A  Researchers study participants of the same age at the same point in time

B  Researchers study participants over the same ages but in different years

C  Researchers study groups of participants differing in age at the same point in time

D  Participants are studied repeatedly, and changes are noted as they get older

A  Sequential

B  Random

C  Systematic 

D  Correlational

A  Correlation coefficient 

B  Dependent variable 

C  Control group

D  Independent variable 

A  Correlational 

B  Observational 

C  Experimental

D  Structural 

A  The death of a spouse is related to a decline in the surviving partners health 

B  A decline in a surviving partners physical health can cause the death of a spouse

C  A third variable, such as memory loss, causes a surviving partners decline in physical heath

D  The death of a spouse causes a decline in the surviving partners health

A  Investigators cannot infer cause and effect

B  Researchers cannot replicate the studies 

C  Age-related changes may be distorted 

D  Researchers randomly assign participants and manipulate their experiences 

A  Variable

B  Observational 

C  Experimental 

D  Correlational 

A  Variable, observational 

B  Correlational, experimental 

C  Observational, correlational 

D  Observational, experimental

A  More likely than their age mates to miss school due to illness

B  More likely than their age mates to commit delinquent and violent acts

C  More likely that their age mates to have early sex

D   The fastest growing sector of the U.S. youth population 

A  Clinical interview 

B  Structured interview

C  Naturalistic observation

D  Clinical interview 

A  Questions in a large group of participants

B  The same set of questions in the same way to each research participant 

C  A different set of questions for each participant

D  Only yes/no, multiple choice, and true/false questions

A  Only provides a small amount of information

B  Does not reflect the way participants think in everyday life

C  Does not reveal depth of information

D  May not result in accurate reporting of information 

A  Makes comparing individuals’ responses very easy 

B  Can provide a large amount of information in a fairly brief period

C  Is directed toward understanding a culture or distinct social group 

D  Allows researchers to see the behavior of interest as it occurs in natural setting

A  Structured observation

B  Naturalistic observation

C  Self-report

D  Naturalistic observation

A  It does not reflect the way participants actually behave in everyday life

B  it tells more about the participants’ reasoning and motivation than it does about their typical behavior 

C  It may not result in accurate reporting of information 

D  Not all participants have the same opportunity to display a particular behavior in everyday life

A  Allows researchers to see directly the behavior of interest as it occurs in everyday setting 

B  Is useful for studying behaviors that investigators rarely have an opportunity to see in everyday life.

C  Permits participants to display their thoughts in terms that are so close as possible to the way they think in everyday life

D  Yields richly detailed narratives that offer valuable insight into the many factors that affect development 

A  Goes into the field and records the behavior of interest 

B  Asks each participant the same set of questions in the same way

C  Sets up a laboratory situation that evokes the behavior of interest

D  Uses a flexible, conversational style to probe for the participants point of view 

A  Research methods

B  Theories

C  Research designs 

D  Hypothesis

A  Psychosexual 

B  Behaviorism 

C  Cognitive- Developmental

D  Psychosocial

A  its emphasis on understanding the individuals unique life history

B  Its use of a wide variety of research methods

C  the ease of empirically testing its ideas

D  the clarity of the concept of ego functioning

A  Minimized the role of culture in individual development 

B  viewed children as taking a more active role in their own development 

C  Pointed out the normal development must be understood in relation to each culture’s life situation

D  Primarily focused on the importance of early life experiences

A  Ignored personality development

B  Was eventually criticized because it underemphasized the influence of sexual feelings in development

C  Was the first to stress the influence of the early parent-child relationship on development

D  Applied in all cultures 

A  On the basis of interviews with institutionalized children and adolescents 

B  By carefully observing his own children

C  On the basis of his adult patients’ memories of painful childhood events 

D  By conducting studies of animal behavior 

A  Confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations 

B  model the behavior of parents and other caregivers 

C  Actively explore the environment

D  Acquire increasingly complex information-processing skills

A  Writing the first parenting books 

B  Constructing the first successfully intelligence test

C   Launching the normative approach

D  Conduction child observations and parent interviews

A  Genetic

B  Normative

C  Nonnormative

D  Psychometric

A  Constructed the first standardized intelligence test

B  Were the forefathers of psychoanalytic theory

C  Inspired Charles Darwin’s research 

D  Regarded development as a maturational process

A  Benjamin Spock

B  Arnold Gesell

C  G. Stanley Hall

D  Charles Darwin

A   Normative approach 

B  Psychosocial theory

C  Psychoanalytic theory

D  Theory of evolution

A  Are typical or average

B  Do not follow a predictable timetable

C  Include age-graded and history-graded influences

D  Affect large numbers of people in a similar way

A  Political aspirations, financial wealth and personal achievements

B  Marriage at an early age and a focus on family responsibilities 

C  Vocational success over family obligations

D  The search for personal meaning, self-expression, and social responsibility 

A  History-graded influences are normative

B  History- graded influences are fairly predictable as to when they occur

C  Age-graded influences become more powerful with age

D  Age-graded influences become more powerful with age

A  Jack, a highly intelligent athlete

B  Ana, a child who has no strong bond with an adult

C  Ari, a temperamental artist

D  Jaynie, a shy, emotionally reactive child

A  Stamina

B  Resilience 

C  Assimilation 

D  Plasticity 

A  Early childhood

B  No single age range period

C  The parental period 

D  Adolescence 

A  Static and stable

B  Multidirectional and multidimensional

C  Continuous, rather than discontinuous 

D  Largely the result of heredity

A  Mostly stable

B  Driven by early life experiences

C  Having substantial plasticity 

D  Mostly influenced by heredity

A  Nurture

B  Stability 

C  Stages

D  Nature

A  Stages

B  Early experiences

C  Nature

D  Nurture 

A  Stability- Plasticity

B  Social-cognitive

C  Nature-nurture 

D  Continous- discontinuous

A  Discontinuous 

B  Continuous 

C  Nature

D  Nurture

A  It is motivated largely by scientific curiosity 

B  Investigators from a variety of fields collaborate on research projects

C  It deals with answering questions about development throughout the lifespan

D  Findings are used for practical purposes to improve people’s lives 

A  Those factors that lead to abnormal development in children and adolescents 

B  Genetic factors that contribute to longevity

C  Those factors that influence consistencies and transformations in people from conception to death.

D  Genetic factors that contribute to longevity