Quiz 4

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Question #1

What sort of status would a physical disability be?

A An ascribed status

B A multiplicative status

C An embodied status

D An achieved status

Question #2

According to Sigmund Freud, which part of the mind is composed of biological drives and consequently is the source of psychic energy?

A The ego

B The looking-glass self

C The id

D The superego

Question #3

A high school football coach is worried about how he should handle his roster. On the one hand, it’s his job to try to win as many games as possible, which means playing the best players; on the other hand, his contract also requires him to try to allow every member of the team to meaningfully participate. The tension he feels is the result of:

A Emotion work

B Role strain

C The definition of the situation

D Role conflict

Question #4

Imagine a child who consistently gets mediocre grades and is often picked last for a team when games are played at recess. However, he likes to make silly jokes and play pranks, and he notices that people laugh when he does those things. The child starts to think that others are laughing with him, not at him. This is part of the process that Charles Cooley called:

A impression management.

B backstage.

C the preparatory stage.

D the looking-glass self.

Question #5

Which part of the mind would Freud have described as being like a type of conscience that punishes misbehavior with feelings of guilt?

A The id

B The brain

C The ego

D The superego

Question #6

What happens to individuals who are not socialized?

A They have a much harder time with reading and math.

B They are more likely to divorce.

C They are devoid of many of the qualities we associate with being human.

D They are likely to produce their own words and therefore have a much larger vocabulary than the average person.

Question #7

According to George Herbert Mead, in what way is a game of football like society?

A In both football and society, individuals have to take into account the roles and points of view of everyone else.

B Both football and society use hegemonic power to maintain order.

C Both football and society involve hierarchy and rules that help the elite maintain their status.

D In both football and society, there are winners and losers.

Question #8

Before we can experience role-taking emotions, we must:

A understand the role of the particular other.

B avoid role strain and role conflict.

C be able to see things from another person’s point of view.

D be resocialized into a new role with new norms and values.

Question #9

The nature vs. nurture debate helps us understand:

A the complex interaction between hereditary traits and social learning.

B how biology determines physical characteristics, whereas social learning alone determines a person’s personality and habits.

C why biology has nothing to do with human potential.

D the contradictions between primary and secondary group socialization.

Question #10

Why are adults unable to be completely socialized?

A People are spending more and more time in school.

B Adults tend to watch more television than adolescents.

C The family and schools do a poor job of socializing children.

D There will always be new situations and new roles to learn.

Question #11

Which of the following agents of socialization has the most enduring, lifelong impact on the individual?

A The family

B Peers

C The media

D School

Question #12

When a parent has to decide between being on time for work or helping his child with a homework assignment, he is experiencing:

A Role strain

B Role conflict

C Role-taking emotions

D Resocialization

Question #13

Which of the following statements reflects the best understanding of the nature vs. nurture debate?

A Nature only plays a role in the purely physical aspects of our lives, such as height, weight, and eye color.

B Nature matters, but nurture is far more important, because socialization accounts for far more of the variation between people.

C Nature and nurture are not opposing forces, but they constantly modify each other as part of a larger interactive process.

D Nature is responsible for some traits, like intelligence and athletic ability, while nurture is responsible for emotional traits.

Question #14

Children who are raised without human interaction, or with a minimum of human contact, are referred to as ________ children.

A feral

B institutionalized

C cognitively disadvantaged

D environmentally challenged

Question #15

Which of the following is true of expressions given off, as defined by Erving Goffman?

A They often happen so quickly that the brain cannot process them.

B They are always under the control of the person who is giving them off.

C They are typically nonverbal, but they are observable in various ways.

D They are usually verbal.

Question #16

Sociologists examine financial collapses, such as those of the 1930s, in which rumors of insolvency, when believed by enough depositors, resulted in real bank failures. What sociological concept describes this phenomenon?

A The Thomas theorem

B Dramaturgy

C Expressions given off

D The generalized other

Question #17

A traffic cop pulls over a speeder, only to discover that the driver is a close friend. The police officer is torn, because her professional obligations demand that she punish the speeder but her personal obligations suggest that she should give a friend a break. This is an example of:

A Ego strain

B An expression of behavior

C Role conflict

D Role strain

Question #18

Which part of the mind of feral children would Sigmund Freud expect to be most fully developed?

A The id

B The psychosexual side

C The superego

D The ego

Question #19

How do sociologists define the self?

A The parts of the human mind that are created through interactions with parents or guardians

B The part of an individual that is displayed to other members of a society

C The experience of an individual’s personal identity, distinct from other people

D Only the private innermost parts of the mind that are not usually shown to others

Question #20

Parents often buy their children gender-specific toys. Boys get action figures that encourage active and aggressive play; girls get dolls and toy ovens that encourage domesticity. This is part of what process?

A Personality

B Status conflict

C Social isolation

D Socialization

Question #21

How does a person come to possess an achieved status?

A An achieved status is inherited from our parents.

B An achieved status is unalterable, so it is always present.

C An achieved status is earned.

D An achieved status is located in the physical body.

Question #22

A position in a social hierarchy that comes with a set of expectations is called:

A A status

B A role

C An agent of socialization

D A stereotype

Question #23

A person who leaves her job of twenty years to retire is undergoing what process?

A Adult socialization

B Role exit

C Role conflict

D Role strain

Question #24

Victor of Aveyron was a feral child who wandered out of the woods in 1800 when he was approximately twelve years old. Victor was incapable of talking and he never fully adjusted to life with other humans. This case shows the importance of:

A The superego

B Positive sanctions

C Impression management

D Socialization

Question #25

When we try to understand how other people define a situation, why might expressions given off seem like more trustworthy guides than expressions given?

A Expressions given off are almost always verbal and intentional.

B Expressions given off are easy to use in deceptive ways.

C We tend to believe that it is harder to manipulate expressions given off.

D Expressions given are almost never intentional.

Question #26

Which of the following sources of socialization forms the foundation for all other socializing agents?

A Peer groups

B The mass media

C School

D The family

Question #27

Which of the following is one of the goals of socialization?

A To teach the skills necessary to satisfy our love of technology

B To teach norms, values, and beliefs

C To ensure that society self-evaluates

D To teach people how to avoid incarceration

Question #28

Which of the following is an example of a feeling rule?

A Fasting for religious purposes

B Cleanliness is next to Godliness

C Going to an anti-war protest

D Boys don’t cry

Question #29

Here is a quote from Freud, describing a part of the mind as he theorized it:

It is the dark, inaccessible part of our personality, what little we know of it we have learnt from our study of the dream-work and of the construction of neurotic symptoms. . . .We all approach [it] with analogies: we call it a chaos, a cauldron full of seething excitations.

Which part of the mind was he talking about?

A The id

B The conscience

C The superego

D The ego

Question #30

A famous monologue from Shakespeare’s As You Like It begins:

All the world’s a stage,
And all the men and women merely players;
They have their exits and their entrances,

And one man in his time plays many parts

Which theory of social life could be seen as taking its inspiration from these lines?

A Dramaturgy

B The social construction of emotions