Exam 4

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Question #1

as an individual learns from parents and peers what behaviours and characteristics are “good and bad” and “right and wrong” he or she has learned

A incentive

B Competence

C conditions of worth

D assertive

Question #2

_____ refers to the process of forgetting information or experience by ways that are conscious, intentional, and deliberate

A hope

B neuroticism

C suppression

D intrinsic

Question #3

According to Freud, the largest and most important motivational component of the human personality is the

A reactance

B unconscious

C intimacy

D extroversion

Question #4

The mental clashing of forces of will versus counterwill and force versus counterforce is known in psychoanalysis as

A psychodynamics

B Competence

C lipostatic

D negative feedback

Question #5

According to flow theory, when an individual possesses very high personal skills and competencies for a given activity and engages in that activity with a very low opportunity for challenge, he or she will most likely experience

A boredom

B Drive

C Excitement

D Motives

Question #6

According to ______ hypothesis, when body weight (or proportion of body fat) drops below its in-born homeostatic balance, increased hunger and increased eating behaviour become more probable

A Competence

B lipostatic

C postdecision regret

D conditions of worth

Question #7

A person’s mental representation of how sexual episodes are to be enacted constitutes a sexual _____.

A innate psychological needs

B suppression

C intrinsic

D script

Question #8

______ refers to a physiological stop system that terminated drive

A intimacy

B affective deflections

C unconscious

D negative feedback

Question #9

____ is the theoretical term used to depict the psychological discomfort stemming from persistent biological deficit

A Drive

B sensation seeking

C psychodynamics

D Social needs

Question #10

Which of the following historical figures actively promoted the “will” as a grand theory to explain motivation

A Albert Einstein

B Sigmund Freud

C Aristotle

D Rene Descartes

Question #11

Plato’s portrayal of how the mind produces motivational states was remarkably similar to that of _______

A Rene Descartes

B Albert Einstein

C Aristotle

D Sigmund Freud

Question #12

________ is the length of time that a response is delayed following the initial exposure to a stimulus event

A reactance

B Introjected regulation

C negative feedback

D Latency

Question #13

______ are internal experiences — needs, cognitions, and emotions — that energize approach and avoidance tendencies within an individual

A Intrinsic motivation

B Motives

C lipostatic

D outcome

Question #14

_____ is the need to be effective in interactions with the environment, it reflects the desire to exercise one’s capacities and skills and, in so doing, seek out and master optimal challenges

A script

B Competence

C conditions of worth

D self-regulation

Question #15

The motivation that arises from the organismic needs for self-determination, competence, and relatedness is referred to as ______ motivation

A feedback

B negative feedback

C intrinsic

D suppression

Question #16

As an interpersonal relationship develops over time, people high in the need for _____ experience increased satisfaction in that relationship, whereas people low in that need experience decreased satisfaction and an increased sense of entrapment.

A Arousal

B unconscious

C Drive

D intimacy

Question #17

______ are acquired emotional and behavioural potentials that are activated by particular situational incentives

A Quasi-needs

B Latency

C psychodynamics

D Social needs

Question #18

_____ originate from situational events that promote a psychological context of pressure, tension, and urgency

A Social needs

B boredom

C Motives

D Quasi-needs

Question #19

According to self-determination theory, what type of motivation explains a student’s effort in school who says, “I try so hard so I won’t feel guilty or ashamed of myself”

A Introjected regulation

B secondary

C Competence

D lipostatic

Question #20

____ emerges spontaneously from organismic psychological needs, personal curiosities, and innate strivings for growth

A Intrinsic motivation

B intrinsic

C primary

D script

Question #21

A(n) ______ is an environmental object that occurs before the start of a sequence of behaviour and attracts or repels the individual to engage or not to engage in the behaviour

A Latency

B secondary

C incentive

D intimacy

Question #22

The integration of self-efficacy and felt mastery that one can attain desired goals leads to the psychological experience of

A Motives

B primary

C Social needs

D hope

Question #23

In the face of an uncontrollable event, a person who copes actively and assertively, and expresses emotions such as frustration and anger, is showing a ______ effect to that event

A emotional activation

B reactance

C Quasi-needs

D Competence

Question #24

“If I run a mile everyday for the next two weeks, then I will lose two pounds.” This is an example of an _______ expectation

A conditions of worth

B outcome

C motivational purposes

D intrinsic

Question #25

The meta-cognitive monitoring of one’s goal striving and planning within the overall goal-setting process is called

A fear

B suppression

C self-regulation

D intimacy

Question #26

Specific, difficult, and challenging goals enhance performance, but an additional variable that is crucial to make goal setting effective is _____.

A unconscious

B feedback

C reactance

D self-concept

Question #27

____ is a hypothetical construct representing the cortical, behavioural and autonomic mechanism that govern alertness, wakefulness, and motivation.

A psychodynamics

B Identity

C outcome

D Arousal

Question #28

_____ attain an optimal level of arousal at relatively low levels of stimulation and shun strong stimulation; _____ attain an optimal level of arousal at relatively high levels of stimulation and approach stronger forms of stimulation.

A introverts, extraverts

B boredom

C self-regulation

D stimulating

Question #29

Self-concordance refers to a sense of _____ that people have regarding their goals and strivings

A arousal

B feedback

C lipostatic

D ownership

Question #30

Cognitive dissonance theory predicts that once a difficult choice between equally attractive alternatives is made, people experience

A Arousal

B neuroticism

C postdecision regret

D script

Question #31

Agency within the self emanates primarily from

A innate psychological needs

B emotional activation

C assertive

Question #32

In affect control theory, energy for behaviour arrises from

A secondary

B neuroticism

C affective deflections

D motivational purposes

Question #33

_____ is a personality trait defined by seeking of varied, novel, complex, and intense sensations and experiences and the willingness to take physical, social, legal, and financial risks for the sake of such experiences

A sensation seeking

B fear

C primary

D extroversion

Question #34

according to the book, arousal level is mostly a function of how ____ the environment is

A Latency

B ownership

C stimulating

D self-concept

Question #35

___ is a hypothetical construct representing the cortical, behavioral, and autonomic mechanisms that govern alertness, wakefulness, and activation

A postdecision regret

B Identity

C Motives

D arousal

Question #36

the personality characteristic to explain individual differences is “who is unhappy?” is:

A neuroticism

B innate psychological needs

C Social needs

D Competence

Question #37

compared to introverts, extroverts are more:

A Quasi-needs

B intrinsic

C affective deflections

D assertive

Question #38

the unhappiness set point can be explained by individual differences in:

A intimacy

B neuroticism

C Introjected regulation

D sensation seeking

Question #39

the happiness set point can be explained by individual differences in:

A emotional activation

B extroversion

C Intrinsic motivation

D hope

Question #40

learning to manage one’s private, spontaneous emotions and feelings in a situationally-adaptive, publically-scripted, and socially desirable way is referred to as:

A reactance

B emotion management

C motivational purposes

D incentive

Question #41

when a person automatically mimics another’s emotional expression and begins to synchronize his or her own emotion with the other’s in terms of expression, vocalization, postures, and movements, what emotional phenomena has occurred?

A fear

B emotional contagion

C outcome

D anger

Question #42

according to an attributional analysis of emotion, attributing a negative outcome to an external and uncontrollable cause generates the emotion reaction of:

A self-concept

B self-regulation

C secondary appraisal

D pity

Question #43

according to an attributional analysis of emotion, attributing a negative outcome to an external and controllable cause generates the emotional reaction of:

A secondary

B feedback

C Identity

D anger

Question #44

In Weiner’s attribution analysis of emotion, the immediate consequence of an outcome is an outcome-dependent emotional response, which Weiner calls a _____ of the outcome

A Arousal

B hope

C primary

D secondary appraisal

Question #45

according to appraisal theories, which emotion would a person experience following these four appraisals of an emotional situation: An important goal was at stake; the goal was lost; another person blocked my goal attainment; and the loss was undeserved/illegitimate?

A intrinsic

B reactance

C boredom

D anger

Question #46

a ____ involves both a cognitive search through available coping options as well as a prediction of whether each option will or will not be successful in managing the stressor

A outcome

B secondary appraisal

C lipostatic

D intimacy

Question #47

ccording to Lazarus, a _____ appraisal, which occurs after some reflection, involves an estimate of whether one can do anything to cope with a potential stressor

A secondary

B self-regulation

C Social needs

D script

Question #48

the appraisal, “Is this situation relevant to my well-being?”, constitutes a ____ appraisal

A Quasi-needs

B feedback

C primary

D negative feedback

Question #49

according to the facial feedback hypothesis, facial feedback does one thing, which is :

A Drive

B sensation seeking

C emotional activation

D Arousal

Question #50

differential emotions theory takes its name from its emphasis on basic emotions serving unique, or different:

A stimulating

B motivational purposes

C neuroticism

D ownership

Question #51

the person who experiences an increase in heart rate and a decrease in skin temperature is probably feeling which emotion?

A fear

B postdecision regret

C arousal

D extroversion

Question #52

defining or creating the self shows how _____ energizes and directs behavior

A neuroticism

B emotion management

C self-concept

D innate psychological needs

Question #53

relating the self to society shows how _____ energizes and directs behavior

A assertive

B affective deflections

C emotional contagion

D Identity

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