Final Lecture Exam

A  hemolysin

B  exfoliative toxin

C  erythrogenic toxin

D  toxic shock syndrome toxin

E  enterotoxin

A  animal to human

B  soil to human

C  fomites to human

D  All of the choices are correct.

E  human to human

A  furuncles and carbuncles

B  scalded skin syndrome

C  impetigo

D  acne

E  meningitis

A  lack spores

B  are motile

C  have capsules

D  All of thechoices are correct.

E  produce coagulase

A  Fomites

B  Blood

C  Body fluids

D  Direct contact

E  Mechanical vectors

A  chickenpox

B  herpes keratitis

C  shingles

D  herpes labialis

E  infectious mononucleosis

A  has a maculopapular rash that lasts for days to weeks

B  All of the choices are correct.

C  is caused by Parvovirus B19

D  cannot be prevented at this time with vaccination

E  is a childhood febrile disease with a bright red rash on the cheeks

A  Can be caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, or Neisseria gonorrhoeae

B  Transmitted through both direct and indirect contact

C  Has a clear discharge

D  Treatment is with a broad-spectrum topical antibiotic

E  Can be caused by Streptococcus pyogenes or Streptococcus pneumoniae

A  Contains attenuated virus

B  Is given in early childhood

C  Protects against three different viral diseases

D  None of the choices are correct.

E  Contains toxoids

A  catalase

B    

C  exfoliative toxinB

D  exfoliative toxinA

E  lactase

F  staphylokinase

A  starts with a high fever

B  it is a very rare form of herpesvirus

C  causes roseola in infants and young children

D  appears as a mononucleosis-like illness in adults

E  a rash appears on the fourth day

A  All of the choices are correct.

B  high salt areas of the skin limit bacterial growth

C  the skin microbiome is much more varied than previously thought

D  the skin microbiota changes constantly over time

E  vast numbers of organisms are found on expansive, dry areas of the skin

A  Prophylactic antibiotics

B  Good hygiene

C  Wear insect repellent

D  Ivermectin treatment

A  bacteriophages infect certain bacterial cells and the specificity can be used to identify the organism

B  organisms have a unique combination of metabolic enzymes that are displayed when color-changing dyes are utilized to demonstrate their physiological response to specific substrates

C  organisms will not grow on certain media types and can be selected for on others

D  organisms display specific antigens that can be bound by color-changing antibodies that allow the clinician to locate and identify the pathogen

A  Labeled identicalDNA

B  Labeledcomplementary DNA

C  Labeledcomplementary RNA

D  Unlabeledcomplementary DNA

A  Radioimmunoassay (RIA)

B  Immunochromatography

C  Western blot

D  Immunelectrophoresis

E  Weil-Felix

A  precipitation

B  sensitivity

C  agglutination

D  specificity

E  cross reaction

A  Agglutination

B  Precipitation

C  Sensitivity

D  Cross reaction

E  Specificity

A  precipitation

B  cross reaction

C  specificity

D  sensitivity

E  agglutination

A  Pseudomonas

B  Salmonella

C  Treponema pallidum

D  Streptococcus

E  Clostridium

A  Precipitation

B  Cross reactions

C  Specificity

D  Sensitivity

E  Agglutination

A  a known antigen, an unknown antibody, and a known antibody

B  All of the choices are correct.

C  two known antibodies andone unknown antigen

D  two known antibodies andone known antigen

E  one known antibody, one unknown antibody, and an unknown antigen

A  xenograft

B  allograft

C  autograft

D  hypograft

E  isograft

A  is at risk for a pregnancy resulting in hemolytic disease of the newborn

B  All of thechoices are correct.

C  inherited two dominant genes

D  is in the majority of the population with regard to Rh status

E  can never have an Rh+ baby

A  Involves production of IgG and IgE antibodies

B  Involves an immune complex reaction

C  Serum sickness is a systemic response

D  The Arthus reaction is a local response

E  Antigen-antibody complexes are deposited in the basement membrane of epithelial tissues

A  Both antibody mediated and immune complex mediated

B  Both anaphylaxis and antibody mediated

C  Antibody mediated

D  Immune complex mediated

E  Anaphylaxis

A  hemopathology

B  epidemiology

C  histopathology

D  humoralpathology

E  immunopathology

A  joining region

B  constant region

C  light region

D  hinge region

E  variable region

A  All of thechoices are correct.

B  glycoproteins, called MHC antigens, found on all body cells

C  a set of genes that code for MHC glycoproteins

D  found on the third chromosome

E  located in the thymus gland

A  autoantigens

B  None of the choices are correct.

C  heterophilic antigens

D  superantigens

E  allergens

A  suppress immune reactions

B  function in allergic reactions

C  activate B cells and other T cells

D  directly destroy target cells

E  secrete antibodies

A  reduces the ability of temperature-sensitive organisms to multiply

B  stimulates hematopoiesis

C  increases metabolism

D  increases the availability of iron

E  increases phagocytosis

A  interferons

B  lysozymes

C  pyrogens

D  leukotrines

E  complement

A  Liver, Endocrine glands, Skin

B  Urethra, Endocrine glands, brain

C  Liver, Endocrine glands, brain

D  Vagina, Urethra, Mouth, Skin, Nose

A  Exocytosis

B  Encapsulation

C  Margination

D  Phagocytosis

E  Adhesion

A  synergism

B  chemotherapy

C  nephrotoxicity

D  selective toxicity

E  prophylaxis

A  true

B  false

A  erythromycin

B  penicillin

C  isoniazid

D  cephalosporin

E  vancomycin

A  boiling water

B  hydrogen peroxide

C  moist heat autoclave

D  chlorination

E  pasteurization

A  160°C for 2 hours

B  63°C for 30 minutes

C  121°C at 15 psi for 15 minutes

D  71.6°C for 15 seconds

E  100°C for 30 minutes

A  Ultraviolet light

B  Ethylene dioxide

C  Moist heat

D  Formaldehyde

E  X rays

A  Bacteriostatic—inhibits the growth of bacteria
Bactericidal—inhibits the growth of bacteria

B  Bacteriostatic—kills bacteria
Bactericidal—inhibits the growth of bacteria

C  Bacteriostatic—kills bacteria
Bactericidal—kills bacteria

D  Bactericidal—kills bacteria
Bacteriostatic—inhibits the growth of bacteria

A  Include adenine and guanine

B  Found within nucleotides

C  Always paired with a specific pyrimidine

D  Only found in DNA, not in RNA

E  Are nitrogenous bases

A  medical insurance costs will likely skyrocket

B  mutations in manufactured cells will cause problems for existing organisms

C  the ability to create life from scratch raises a multitude of issues

D  oil and gas prices will increase as a result of the decreased demand for fossil fuels

A  proteome

B  genome

C  genotype

D  phenotype

E  proteotype

A  true

B  false

A  uses 2 ATPs, produces 2 ATPs, and requires oxygen

B  uses 2 ATPs, produces 4 ATPs, without using oxygen

C  None of the choices are correct.

D  uses 2 ATPs, produces 2 ATPs, without using oxygen

E  uses 2 ATPs, produces 4 ATPs, and requires oxygen

A  Glycolysis

B  Krebs cycle

C  Preparation for Krebs cycle

D  Electron transport system

A  38 ATP

B  2 ATP

C  24 ATP

D  42 ATP

E  3 ATP

A  36 ATP

B  3 ATP

C  24 ATP

D  2 ATP

E  38 ATP

A  3

B  4

C  5

D  6

A  carbon dioxide

B  oxygen

C  temperatures above 37°C

D  high acidity

E  high salt

A  NH 3

B  CH 4

C  CO 2

D  Glucose

E  H 2O

A  size of the pores in the membrane

B  osmotic pressure

C  carrier proteins in the membrane

D  substrate concentration

E  the size of the cell

A  capsomeres

B  prophages

C  peplomers

D  spikes

E  envelopes

A  prions

B  satellite viruses

C  bacteriophages

D  viroids

E  All of the choices infect bacteria.

A  Use of cellculture techniques, Use of enriched broth media, Use of enrichedagar media

B  Use of animalinoculation, Use of enriched broth media, Use of enrichedagar media

C  Inoculation ofembryonated eggs, Use of enriched broth media, Use of enrichedagar media

D  Use of cellculture techniques, Use of animalinoculation, Inoculation ofembryonated eggs

A  inclusion bodies

B  chronic latent viruses

C  syncytia

D  cytopathic

E  oncoviruses

A  inclusion bodies

B  oncoviruses

C  syncytia

D  cytopathic

E  chronic latent viruses

A  resistant to destruction by radiation

B  living structures

C  metabolically inactive

D  All of the choices are correct.

E  resistant to heat and chemical destruction

A  true

B  false

A  Thin layer of peptidoglycan, Lipopolysaccharide, Cell membrane

B  Thin layer of peptidoglycan, Lipopolysaccharide, Outer membrane

C  Thin layer of peptidoglycan, Lipopolysaccharide, Outer membrane, Lipoteichoic acids

D  Teichoic acids, Thick layer of peptidoglycan, Cell membrane, Lipoteichoic acids

A  Filament, basal body, hook

B  Hook, basal body, filament

C  Basal body, hook, filament

D  Filament, hook, basal body

E  Basal body, filament, hook

A  autotrophic

B  fastidious

C  aerobic

D  microaerophilic

E  anaerobic

A  Louis Pasteur

B  Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

C  Joseph Lister

D  Robert Koch

E  Ignaz Semmelweis

A  A microbiologist using the microscope to study bacteria

B  Egyptians using moldy bread on wounds

C  Public health officials monitoring diseases in a community

D  Bacteria in the soil secreting an antibiotic to kill competitors

E  Escherichia coli producing human insulin

A  Enzymes found in bacteria can be used to cut DNA.

B  Biofilms can form on implanted objects in the human body and be responsible for infection.

C  Aseptic techniques could reduce the number of wound infections in the surgical setting.

D  Very little DNA is transcribed into RNA that is then translated into proteins.

A  infectious particles

B  protozoa

C  bacteria

D  molds

E  parasitic worms

A  ribose

B  glycogen

C  fructose

D  glucose

E  deoxyribose