Final Lecture Exam

A  enterotoxin

B  exfoliative toxin

C  hemolysin

D  toxic shock syndrome toxin

E  erythrogenic toxin

A  animal to human

B  human to human

C  soil to human

D  fomites to human

E  All of the choices are correct.

A  furuncles and carbuncles

B  meningitis

C  impetigo

D  scalded skin syndrome

E  acne

A  have capsules

B  lack spores

C  produce coagulase

D  are motile

E  All of thechoices are correct.

A  Blood

B  Direct contact

C  Mechanical vectors

D  Body fluids

E  Fomites

A  herpes labialis

B  shingles

C  infectious mononucleosis

D  chickenpox

E  herpes keratitis

A  cannot be prevented at this time with vaccination

B  has a maculopapular rash that lasts for days to weeks

C  is a childhood febrile disease with a bright red rash on the cheeks

D  All of the choices are correct.

E  is caused by Parvovirus B19

A  Can be caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, or Neisseria gonorrhoeae

B  Transmitted through both direct and indirect contact

C  Has a clear discharge

D  Treatment is with a broad-spectrum topical antibiotic

E  Can be caused by Streptococcus pyogenes or Streptococcus pneumoniae

A  Contains attenuated virus

B  Protects against three different viral diseases

C  None of the choices are correct.

D  Is given in early childhood

E  Contains toxoids

A    

B  lactase

C  exfoliative toxinA

D  exfoliative toxinB

E  catalase

F  staphylokinase

A  appears as a mononucleosis-like illness in adults

B  a rash appears on the fourth day

C  causes roseola in infants and young children

D  it is a very rare form of herpesvirus

E  starts with a high fever

A  vast numbers of organisms are found on expansive, dry areas of the skin

B  the skin microbiome is much more varied than previously thought

C  the skin microbiota changes constantly over time

D  high salt areas of the skin limit bacterial growth

E  All of the choices are correct.

A  Wear insect repellent

B  Prophylactic antibiotics

C  Good hygiene

D  Ivermectin treatment

A  organisms will not grow on certain media types and can be selected for on others

B  organisms display specific antigens that can be bound by color-changing antibodies that allow the clinician to locate and identify the pathogen

C  bacteriophages infect certain bacterial cells and the specificity can be used to identify the organism

D  organisms have a unique combination of metabolic enzymes that are displayed when color-changing dyes are utilized to demonstrate their physiological response to specific substrates

A  Labeledcomplementary DNA

B  Labeled identicalDNA

C  Unlabeledcomplementary DNA

D  Labeledcomplementary RNA

A  Radioimmunoassay (RIA)

B  Western blot

C  Immunelectrophoresis

D  Immunochromatography

E  Weil-Felix

A  agglutination

B  sensitivity

C  specificity

D  cross reaction

E  precipitation

A  Specificity

B  Precipitation

C  Agglutination

D  Sensitivity

E  Cross reaction

A  specificity

B  precipitation

C  cross reaction

D  sensitivity

E  agglutination

A  Treponema pallidum

B  Pseudomonas

C  Streptococcus

D  Salmonella

E  Clostridium

A  Specificity

B  Agglutination

C  Precipitation

D  Cross reactions

E  Sensitivity

A  a known antigen, an unknown antibody, and a known antibody

B  two known antibodies andone unknown antigen

C  one known antibody, one unknown antibody, and an unknown antigen

D  two known antibodies andone known antigen

E  All of the choices are correct.

A  allograft

B  hypograft

C  xenograft

D  autograft

E  isograft

A  can never have an Rh+ baby

B  All of thechoices are correct.

C  is in the majority of the population with regard to Rh status

D  inherited two dominant genes

E  is at risk for a pregnancy resulting in hemolytic disease of the newborn

A  Involves production of IgG and IgE antibodies

B  Antigen-antibody complexes are deposited in the basement membrane of epithelial tissues

C  The Arthus reaction is a local response

D  Serum sickness is a systemic response

E  Involves an immune complex reaction

A  Anaphylaxis

B  Immune complex mediated

C  Both anaphylaxis and antibody mediated

D  Antibody mediated

E  Both antibody mediated and immune complex mediated

A  hemopathology

B  epidemiology

C  histopathology

D  humoralpathology

E  immunopathology

A  joining region

B  variable region

C  light region

D  constant region

E  hinge region

A  found on the third chromosome

B  glycoproteins, called MHC antigens, found on all body cells

C  All of thechoices are correct.

D  a set of genes that code for MHC glycoproteins

E  located in the thymus gland

A  superantigens

B  None of the choices are correct.

C  allergens

D  autoantigens

E  heterophilic antigens

A  activate B cells and other T cells

B  secrete antibodies

C  function in allergic reactions

D  directly destroy target cells

E  suppress immune reactions

A  increases phagocytosis

B  increases the availability of iron

C  reduces the ability of temperature-sensitive organisms to multiply

D  increases metabolism

E  stimulates hematopoiesis

A  pyrogens

B  interferons

C  lysozymes

D  leukotrines

E  complement

A  Liver, Endocrine glands, brain

B  Liver, Endocrine glands, Skin

C  Urethra, Endocrine glands, brain

D  Vagina, Urethra, Mouth, Skin, Nose

A  Encapsulation

B  Phagocytosis

C  Adhesion

D  Margination

E  Exocytosis

A  synergism

B  nephrotoxicity

C  selective toxicity

D  chemotherapy

E  prophylaxis

A  false

B  true

A  erythromycin

B  vancomycin

C  cephalosporin

D  isoniazid

E  penicillin

A  boiling water

B  chlorination

C  pasteurization

D  hydrogen peroxide

E  moist heat autoclave

A  71.6°C for 15 seconds

B  100°C for 30 minutes

C  121°C at 15 psi for 15 minutes

D  160°C for 2 hours

E  63°C for 30 minutes

A  Ethylene dioxide

B  Moist heat

C  X rays

D  Formaldehyde

E  Ultraviolet light

A  Bactericidal—kills bacteria
Bacteriostatic—inhibits the growth of bacteria

B  Bacteriostatic—inhibits the growth of bacteria
Bactericidal—inhibits the growth of bacteria

C  Bacteriostatic—kills bacteria
Bactericidal—kills bacteria

D  Bacteriostatic—kills bacteria
Bactericidal—inhibits the growth of bacteria

A  Are nitrogenous bases

B  Always paired with a specific pyrimidine

C  Include adenine and guanine

D  Found within nucleotides

E  Only found in DNA, not in RNA

A  the ability to create life from scratch raises a multitude of issues

B  medical insurance costs will likely skyrocket

C  mutations in manufactured cells will cause problems for existing organisms

D  oil and gas prices will increase as a result of the decreased demand for fossil fuels

A  proteotype

B  genotype

C  genome

D  phenotype

E  proteome

A  true

B  false

A  None of the choices are correct.

B  uses 2 ATPs, produces 2 ATPs, and requires oxygen

C  uses 2 ATPs, produces 4 ATPs, without using oxygen

D  uses 2 ATPs, produces 4 ATPs, and requires oxygen

E  uses 2 ATPs, produces 2 ATPs, without using oxygen

A  Krebs cycle

B  Preparation for Krebs cycle

C  Glycolysis

D  Electron transport system

A  24 ATP

B  2 ATP

C  42 ATP

D  3 ATP

E  38 ATP

A  38 ATP

B  24 ATP

C  3 ATP

D  2 ATP

E  36 ATP

A  5

B  4

C  3

D  6

A  temperatures above 37°C

B  oxygen

C  high salt

D  carbon dioxide

E  high acidity

A  CH 4

B  Glucose

C  H 2O

D  CO 2

E  NH 3

A  substrate concentration

B  size of the pores in the membrane

C  the size of the cell

D  carrier proteins in the membrane

E  osmotic pressure

A  envelopes

B  spikes

C  capsomeres

D  prophages

E  peplomers

A  satellite viruses

B  prions

C  All of the choices infect bacteria.

D  bacteriophages

E  viroids

A  Inoculation ofembryonated eggs, Use of enriched broth media, Use of enrichedagar media

B  Use of cellculture techniques, Use of animalinoculation, Inoculation ofembryonated eggs

C  Use of cellculture techniques, Use of enriched broth media, Use of enrichedagar media

D  Use of animalinoculation, Use of enriched broth media, Use of enrichedagar media

A  inclusion bodies

B  cytopathic

C  chronic latent viruses

D  oncoviruses

E  syncytia

A  inclusion bodies

B  chronic latent viruses

C  syncytia

D  cytopathic

E  oncoviruses

A  metabolically inactive

B  resistant to destruction by radiation

C  living structures

D  All of the choices are correct.

E  resistant to heat and chemical destruction

A  false

B  true

A  Teichoic acids, Thick layer of peptidoglycan, Cell membrane, Lipoteichoic acids

B  Thin layer of peptidoglycan, Lipopolysaccharide, Cell membrane

C  Thin layer of peptidoglycan, Lipopolysaccharide, Outer membrane, Lipoteichoic acids

D  Thin layer of peptidoglycan, Lipopolysaccharide, Outer membrane

A  Filament, basal body, hook

B  Basal body, filament, hook

C  Basal body, hook, filament

D  Hook, basal body, filament

E  Filament, hook, basal body

A  aerobic

B  fastidious

C  autotrophic

D  anaerobic

E  microaerophilic

A  Louis Pasteur

B  Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

C  Robert Koch

D  Joseph Lister

E  Ignaz Semmelweis

A  Egyptians using moldy bread on wounds

B  Public health officials monitoring diseases in a community

C  A microbiologist using the microscope to study bacteria

D  Escherichia coli producing human insulin

E  Bacteria in the soil secreting an antibiotic to kill competitors

A  Aseptic techniques could reduce the number of wound infections in the surgical setting.

B  Biofilms can form on implanted objects in the human body and be responsible for infection.

C  Very little DNA is transcribed into RNA that is then translated into proteins.

D  Enzymes found in bacteria can be used to cut DNA.

A  infectious particles

B  parasitic worms

C  bacteria

D  protozoa

E  molds

A  glucose

B  glycogen

C  deoxyribose

D  ribose

E  fructose