Quiz 1

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Question #1

Surface currents distribute tropical heat worldwide. The winters in Scotland, Ireland, and England are relatively mild due to the energy transported by the North Atlantic Current and the Gulf Stream.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #2

Downwelling can have direct effects on the climate of an adjacent coast.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #3

The Ekman spiral is similar to an eddy in that the water spirals downward like a whirlpool.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #4

Gyres tend to collect seaweed and trash as their centers.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #5

Surface ocean currents flow vertically in the uppermost 400 meters of the water column.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #6

The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) represents an imaginary line that divides the Earth into equal energy hemispheres.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #7

Water vapor can occupy as much as 4% of the total volume of air.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #8

The most abundant gas in Earth’s atmosphere is oxygen.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #9

Weather and climate mean the same thing.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #10

Earth’s atmosphere and ocean are intertwined, their gases and waters freely exchanged.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #11

The pH scale is the logarithmic measure of hydrogen ion concentrations.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #12

Carbon dioxide is abundant near the ocean surface due to the photosynthesis activities of plants.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #13

When saltwater freezes, the sea salts are incorporated into the ice matrix.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #14

The heat properties of seawater are different than pure water due to the dissolved solids and gases present.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #15

The salts in the ocean are similar to those of concentrated river water.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #16

Seawater density increases with increasing salinity and decreasing pressure.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #17

The continuous removal of heat from water always corresponds to a consistent decrease in temperature.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #18

Heat and temperature are synonymous terms.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #19

The polarity of water makes it able to dissolve many compounds.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #20

The influence of water on global temperatures, due to water’s thermal characteristics, prevents broad swings of temperature during the day and night.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #21

Which statement is true of sediments in the ocean?

A Biogenous sediments comprise a larger area than terrigenous sediments.

B Terrigenous sediments comprise a larger area than biogenous sediments.

C Terrigenous and biogenous sediments are equal in area and volume.

D Hydrogenous sediments cover more volume than biogenous sediments.

Question #22

What type of marine sediment is derived from igneous rock?

A cosmogenous

B hydrogenous

C biogenous

D terrigenous

Question #23

What is the particle size distribution from largest to smallest?

A coarse sand →granule →medium sand → fine sand

B coarse silt → granule → fine silt → clay

C boulder → granule → coarse sand → coarse silt

D cobble → boulder → granule → pebble

Question #24

Which particle size has the fastest settling velocity in still water?

A coarse sand

B fine sand

C clay

D silt

Question #25

Which areas of the ocean is most likely to have the least accumulation of sediment?

A Oceanic ridge

B Abyssal plain

C Deep-sea trench

D Continental shelf

Question #26

What process gives trenches their unique arc-shaped depressions?

A Erosion

B Turbidity

C Subduction

D Spreading

Question #27

Most geologists believe that submarine canyons have been formed by ____

A Volcanoes

B Subduction

C Turbidity currents

D Sea level changes

Question #28

Passive margins are also referred to as ____.

A Pacific-type margins

B Converging-type margins

C Atlantic-type margins

D Basin-type margins

Question #29

What characteristic of continental crust accounts for more than half of Earth’s solid surface being below sea level?

A Continental crust is both less dense and thinner than oceanic crust.

B Continental crust is thinner than oceanic crust.

C Continental crust is less dense than oceanic crust.

D Continental crust is denser than oceanic crust.

Question #30

What marks the true division between continents and oceans?

A Coastal deep-sea trenches

B Granite-basalt transitions

C Coastlines

D Abyssal plains

Question #31

Segments of a lithospheric plate on either side of a transform fault move in the same direction as one another.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #32

Sediments of white or cream color tend to be of biological origin.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #33

Past sea surface temperatures can be determined from fossils found in deep ocean sediments.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #34

Clays can remain suspended in the water column for decades before settling due to their small size.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #35

The rate of sediment deposition is fairly consistent throughout the ocean.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #36

The water temperature at the bottom of ocean trenches is very warm.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #37

Hydrothermal vents are only found in seawater.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #38

Weight of ice on Antarctica has isostatically depressed the continent, and thereby increased the depth of water at the shelf break.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #39

Active margins typically are located in the Atlantic Ocean.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #40

Continental crust is both thicker and denser than oceanic lithosphere.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #41

The lateral movement at transform boundaries causes what type of force?

A Torque

B Extension

C Compression

D Shear

Question #42

Which landscape is an example of a divergent boundary?

A Cascade Mountains

B Aleutian Islands

C Mid-Atlantic Ridge

D San Andreas

Question #43

At what type of Plate Boundary do earthquakes occur at multiple depths: shallow, intermediate and sometimes also deep?

A Divergent

B Subduction zones

C Mid-ocean ridges

D Transform

Question #44

The compressional movement of plate boundaries, such as observed at the Juan De Fuca plate, is representative of which type of boundary?

A Convergent

B Transform

C Spreading center

D Divergent

Question #45

Where is the youngest seafloor found?

A At continental marrgins where the seafllor abuts the continent

B This is a trick questions. All the seafloor is the same age.

C At mid-ocean ridges

D Not enough information to tell

Question #46

Oceanographers and seismologists further explored the theory of continental drift during the early- to mid-twentieth century by correlating patterns of earthquakes and ____.

A Isostatic equilibrium

B Convection currents

C Tectonic plates

D Volcanoes

Question #47

As mountains erode, how will isostatic forces cause Earth’s crust beneath the mountain to behave?

A Stay the same

B Spread out

C Sink

D Rise

Question #48

This animation illustrates how the weak, plastic _______ flows allowing the rigid ______ crust to “float” atop pushed apart by convection currents in the mantle.

A Convection currents… mid-ocean ridge

B asthenosphere…. lithospheric

C magma…. oceanic

D lithosphere… asthenospheric

Question #49

Which concept describes early Earth as separated into layers by gravity, with each deeper layer denser than the layer above?

A Seismology

B Tectonic Theory

C Continental Drift

D Density stratification

Question #50

Which option lists the three forces that cause the plates to move?

A Convection in the mantle, slab pull and ridge push

B Conduction, Convection and Radiative

C Centripetal, Centrifugal and Convection currents

D Convergence, Divergence and Transformative

Question #51

If there is a three hour difference between “clock” noon and “shaft” noon, how many degrees west are you from your point of origin? Assume one rotation of 360°/24 hours = 15°/hour.

A 90 degrees

B 15 degrees

C 180 degrees

D 45 degrees

E 30 degrees

Question #52

The dependence of all living cells on ____ to survive strongly suggests that simple, living molecules originated in the ocean.

A Fresh water

B Oxygen

C Saline water

D Methane

E Carbon dioxide

Question #53

What could ultimately be linked to the present absence of water on Mars?

A Proximity of the sun

B Lack of free oxygen in the atmosphere

C Excess atmospheric carbon dioxide

D The presence of a strong magnetic field

E Large decrease in atmospheric carbon dioxide

Question #54

Through gravitational compression, Earth’s layers were formed by the process of ____.

A Plate Tectonics

B Accretion

C Condensation

D Density Stratification

E Subduction

Question #55

Which condition is necessary for a planet to have a permanent liquid ocean?

A Irregular orbit

B Optimum distance from star

C Double sun

D Low gravity

E Toxic atmosphere

Question #56

Which extreme environment may have favored the origin of life on Earth?

A Hydrothermal vents

B Dry mountain rocky outcrops

C Estuarine bays

D Polar sea ice

E Rainforest sediments

Question #57

What had the most influence in irreversibly changing Earth’s atmosphere?

A Production of oxygen from photosythesizing cyanobacteria

B Fluctuation in cosmic ray

C Anaerobic respiration by deep sea organisms

D Formation of carbonic acid in the ocean

E Chemical break up of water vapor by sunlight

Question #58

Earth’s early atmosphere contained high concentrations of ____.

A Carbon dioxide and oxygen

B Oxygen and nitrogen

C Carbon dioxide, water vapor and nitrogen

D Oxygen and methane

E Methane and ammonia

Question #59

The process by which stars form helium atoms from hydrogen is _______.

A Condensation

B Compression

C Density Stratification

D Accretion

E Nuclear fusion

Question #60

The water for Earth’s ocean originated from __________.

A Volcanic activity and other planets

B The sun

C Other planets

D Solar nebulae

E Volcanic activity and comets

Question #61

Magma typically rises to Earth’s surface at transform boundaries.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #62

Early scientists were in agreement about the age of Earth.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #63

Surface seismic waves cause most of the property damage suffered in an earthquake.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #64

Seismic shadow zones confirmed the presence of Earth’s core.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #65

Plate Tectonic Theory describes how the relative motion of Earth’s tectonic plates controls the distribution of landforms.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #66

New oceanic crust is created at Mid-ocean ridges.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #67

The Hawai’ian Islands coincide with a tectonic plate boundary.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #68

Oceanic crust is thinner than continental crust.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #69

Geologists of the mid-twentieth century determined that the ocean floor was much older than the centers of continents.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #70

Researchers have drilled all the way to Earth’s core.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #71

The ocean is as old as the Earth.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #72

During the early years of Earth, lighter elements such as silicon, magnesium, and aluminum rose to the surface, forming Earth’s crust.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #73

The fact that all life cells depend on saline water suggests that life evolved in the ocean.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #74

One of the conditions necessary for a planet to have a permanent ocean of liquid water is to have a solid core.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #75

Longitudinal lines run parallel to the equator.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #76

Earth’s early atmosphere was similar to the present day atmosphere, composed mostly of oxygen and nitrogen.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #77

Once established, a Scientific Theory is always correct and cannot be changed.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #78

Although oceanographers may specialize in one particular area of study, the nature of the science is interdisciplinary, meaning that marine scientists must have a general knowledge of all areas of oceanography in order to study the system as a whole.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #79

Over 97% of all surface water on Earth resides in the ocean.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #80

The concept of a single world ocean emphasizes the interdependence of ocean and land, life and water, atmospheric and oceanic circulation, and natural and human-made environments.

A FALSE

B TRUE

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