Exam 2

A  Knowledge structure regarding concepts and sequence of activities

B  Analogous to the visuospatial sketchpad representing spatial information

C  Use of modeling clay to construct an anatomical model

D  Associations of semantic memories

E  Schemas regarding dynamic systems which vary on degree of completeness and correctness

A  Writing the memory down so that it becomes Knowledge in the World

B  Lifting heavy memories to build up strength

C  Waiting until a memory is almost forgotten, then recalling it

D  Recalling a memory in quick succession

E  Utilizing knowledge-in-the-world

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Pulsing of Long-term memories

B  Alpha-numeric bias

C  Superiority of letters over numbers

D  Disassociations

E  Cognitive dissonance

A  Is a subtype of declarative memory

B  Develops from a singular event, usually visual in nature

C  Very hard to explain using words (e.g., how to tie a shoe)

D  Relies on intuition instead of practice

E  Easy to put into words (e.g., the route you took to work)

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Delayed rewards and selective attention

B  Repetition during new contexts and immediate rewards

C  Repetition during similar contexts and immediate rewards

D  Delayed rewards and repetition during new contexts

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Pass-phrases are harder to remember due to associations, and easier to crack due to higher character counts

B  Pass-phrases are harder to remember due to disassociations, and harder to crack due to dictionary attack methods

C  Pass-phrases are easier to remember due to disassociations, and harder to crack due to dictionary attack methods

D  Pass-phrases are easier to remember due to associations, and harder to crack due to higher character counts

A  Utilize spaced practice

B  Ask a friend for answers

C  Re-read each chapter

D  Use mass practice

E  Defer to knowledge in the universe

A  Negative transfer

B  Long-term memory

C  Visuospatial sketchpad

D  Phonological loop

E  Short-term memory

A  Spaced Practice, Mass practice, and Intuition

B  Bandwidth, Familiarity, and Knowledge in the World

C  STM, LTM, and ATM

D  Semantic, Episodic, and Procedural

E  Strength, Associations, and Endurance

A  Sensation, Perception, Central Processing

B  Bandwidth, Familiarity, and Knowledge in the World

C  X, Y, and Z axis

D  Larry, Curly, and Moe

E  STM, LTM, and working memory

A  Improved contrast ratio of warning label text

B  More availability of safety gloves

C  Locks added to cabinets near the sink

D  Use of a universal container connector

E  Use of red coloring added to the soap solution

A  Gorillas can move very fast

B  Inattentioal blindness is more prevalent with visually impaired users

C  Cognitive bandwidth is limitless

D  Change blindness occurs only when we are tired

E  Objects can be hidden in plane site due to selective attention

A  Heads-up displays cannot be used while wearing polarized sunglasses

B  When a driver’s eyes are on the road, it doesn’t mean their mind is also on the road

C  Touch screen displays have superseded the need for heads-up displays

D  The heads-up display requires looking down towards the instrument cluster

E  Heads-up displays are only offered in fighter jets

A  Expectancy and Value

B  Visuospatial sketchpad and Phonological loop

C  Short-term memory and Long-term memory

D  Salience and Effort

E  Id and Ego

A  3G 66RK

B  3G66RK

C  366 GRK

D  36 6GRK

E  366GRK

A  70 minutes

B  7 hours

C  7 days

D  70 seconds

E  7 seconds

A  4 chunks

B  7 +/- 2 chipmunks

C  7 +/- 2 chunks

D  4 chipmunks

E  +/- 2 chunks

A  Low quality video feeds causing eye strain

B  Mismatch between visual cues and felt motion

C  Sound levels that exceed the user’s expectations

D  Use of headphones instead of ear-buds

E  Use of Dramamine

A  Haptics

B  Gravity

C  Smell

D  Temperature

E  Vesting

A  During high visual load

B  Situations involving hands-free operation

C  For tactile response personnel

D  Alerts for use in high vibration environments

E  When gloved hands are necessary

A  Gloves are always optional

B  Gloves have a tendency to inhibit hand-eye-coordination

C  Controls can not be designed for use by a gloved hand

D  Gloves can reduce felt tactile feedback

E  Gloves can be made of latex, which can result in an allergic reaction

F  Gloves might reduce a user’s likelihood of using a button

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Avoiding slang vocabulary, Limiting the number of messages, and Designing loudness to be at least 20 decibels over ambient noise

B  Limiting the number of messages, and Designing loudness to be at least 20 decibels over ambient noise only

C  Using rhyming words

D  Avoiding slang vocabulary only

A  For musically inclined individuals

B  When omni-directional (360 degree) situational awareness is required since vision is limited to 130 degrees

C  When there are fast moving objects requiring more saccadic eye movements

D  When there are high levels of ambient noise, such as busy road intersections

E  When color vision is impaired as opposed to monochromatic vision

A  The human vestibular system is dominant over vision during clear skies

B  The human vestibular system picks up haptic cues from the flight controls

C  The human vestibular system has been shown to be more accurate than aircraft instruments

D  The human vestibular system is not tuned for un-natural environments resulting in false sensations

E  The human vestibular system is more accurate than instruments only in white out conditions

A  10 decibels louder, since this level represents double the perceived loudness

B  30 decibels louder, since this level guarantees detection

C  10 decibels louder, since the sound scale is logarithmic

D  3 decibels louder, since this level represents the JND (just noticeable difference)

E  3 decibels louder, since this level represents double the acoustic energy

A  The dB(B) weighting scale, since it approximates human hearing sensitivities

B  The Hz weighting scale, since it measures cycles per second

C  The audiogram scale, since it replicates spatial tones

D  The dB(C) weighting scale, since it approximates human hearing sensitivities

E  The dB(A) weighting scale, since it approximates human hearing sensitivities

A  Low frequencies tend to be lost as we age

B  Presbyopia

C  Macular degeneration

D  Both high and low frequency sensitivity increase with age

E  High frequencies tend to be lost as we age

A  Ultra-sonic frequencies

B  20 kilowatts

C  2,000 to 5,000 Hz

D  20 to 20,000 Hz

E  Sub-sonic frequencies

A  Color has no impact on test taker performance

B  There has been no research conducted on the effects of color and test performance

C  Test taker performance has shown to be better using green ink

D  Test taker performance has shown to be better using red ink

A  Exposure to varying colors of light color has no relationship with circadian rhythms

B  Minimize use of blue light at night

C  Use infrared light to keep surfaces warm

D  Avoid redundant color cues at night

E  Maximize use of ultraviolet light at night

A  10 to 1

B  0 to 1

C  7.0 to 1

D  4.5 to 1

E  3.0 to 1

F  1 to 1

A  0.7 inches

B  0.7 millimeters

C  0.7 lux

D  0.7 feet

E  0.7 degrees

F  Bond rule does not allow you to compute letter height

A  Use stripes that vary in shape to allow them to be more readily detected

B  Use different colors to indicate the presence of a hazard ahead

C  Use Zebra stripes to conceal outlines during motion

D  Use more closely spaced stripes as the biker approaches the hazard

E  Use fiber optics instead of traditional paint to improve saliency

A  Color is reserved for graphic designers

B  Color improves the user experience

C  Color is critical for scotopic vision

D  Color is always better than grayscale

E  Color should never be the only design cue

A  Green light since it allows for detection for a larger variety of shades

B  It does not matter since Human Factors does not consider the effects of lighting  

C  Green light since it is associated with moving forward

D  Red light since it causes less interference to dark adaptation

E  Red light since it is most visually salient

A  100 lux

B  0.01 lux

C  All lux levels

D  0.1 lux

E  10 lux

F  1 lux

A  10

B  5

C  1

D  3

E  30

A  Responsible for sensing ultrasonic frequencies

B  Responsible for proprioception

C  Operates on very low light levels

D  Contains 3 types of rod cells (red/green/blue)

E  Responsible for color vision

A  Objects appear larger due to top-down bias

B  Objects appear smaller due to bottom-up bias

C  Visual acuity remains unchanged, only color perception is affected

D  Visual acuity decreases closer to the fovea

E  Visual acuity increases closer to the fovea

A  Younger individuals have more practice looking at nearby objects due to technology exposure

B  Older individuals need to squint more often due to reduced tear production

C  Older individuals tend to have presbyopia, reducing the ability to focus on objects closer than 1 meter

D  There tends to be no difference between vision of younger and older individuals