Midterm 1 (2)

A  determine the author’s background

B  ascertain the author’s bias and purpose

C  evaluate the author’s sources

D  assume if it has been written and published that it is true

A  a paraphrase of another’s work does not need a citation

B  direct quotes requires a citation

C  statistics, surveys, obscure facts, and unique descriptions or examples need a citation

D  well known facts and quotes do not need citation

A  government documents

B  human sources

C  encyclopedias

D  dictionaries

A  edit your work for grammatical mistakes

B  hand it in only once it is perfect

C  show your work to someone else for their honest opinion

D  consider what you have not written, i.e. what you have left out of your paper

A  the more clearly, precisely, and up front you state your thesis the better

B  limit your thesis statement to what you will defend

C  the thesis statement is the most important premise defending your conclusion

D  include some detail on how you will defend your thesis

A  know your audience

B  know yourself

C  write a sentence that expresses your claim

D  choose and broaden your topic

A  determine if it is possible to refute a weak claim by reducing it to absurdity

B  determine if it is possible to refute or weaken arguments with countervailing evidence

C  determine if it is possible to attack the motives of the opposition

D  determine if it is possible to refute statements by citing counterexamples

A  it is well written or well spoken

B  it is a persuasive argument

C  it is logically correct, i.e. either deductively sound or inductively cogent

D  it agrees with my views

A  try to use as many words as the original argument

B  take what is unclear and make it clear

C  be charitable

D  be accurate and don’t misrepresent

A  put the conclusion first

B  fill in missing premises or conclusions

C  write in complete sentences

D  number the steps of the argument

A  in appropriate appeal to authority

B  appeal to ignorance

C  loaded question

D  false alternatives

A  inconsistency

B  weak analogy

C  hasty generalization

D  slippery slope

A  red herring

B  straw man

C  bandwagon argument

D  scare tactics

A  a personal attack (ad hominem)

B  look who’s talking (tu quoque)

C  two wrongs make a right

D  attacking the motive

A  given that

B  for

C  since

D  therefore

A  if follows that

B  consequently

C  because

D  thus

A  one or more premises which are intended to prove or support a conclusion

B  an illustration

C  a report

D  a conditional statement

A  Mandala

B  Mohammed Yunus

C  Gandhi

D  Anita Roddick

A  Anita Roddick

B  Mandela

C  Muhammed Yunus

D  Gandhi

A  explicitness

B  none of these

C  patience

D  attention

A  explicitness

B  patience

C  none of these

D  attention

A  explicitness

B  none of these

C  attention

D  patience

A  ethics and work

B  ethics and money

C  ethics and sex

D  ethics and what we eat

A  ethics and sex

B  ethics and work

C  ethics and what we eat

D  ethics and money

A  Weston maintains that dilemmas are indeed unsolvable

B  Weston uses Heinz’s dilemma as an example

C  Weston uses Sartre’s young friend as an example

D  Weston suggests we assume problems, even “dilemmas,” are solvable

A  each side’s “solution” is unacceptable to the other side

B  thought to be impossible to solve

C  a problem with two sharply opposed options

D  all of these

A  revisit outlying parts of the problem

B  none of these

C  view problems as a growth opportunity to be welcomed

D  ask if the problem can be prevented

A  carefully administered hallucinogenic drugs

B  abortion and animal research in Japan

C  seven generation decision making of the American Indians

D  homelessness in other cultures

A  exaggeration

B  reversal

C  full steam ahead method

D  random word method

A  it seeks to limit the possibilities

B  it helps solve ethical problems by going beyond the norm

C  it seeks to reframe the problem

D  it is essential for practical problem solving

A  it is an excellent example of proclaiming a moral vision

B  all of these are true

C  it was an improvisation and not planned in his original speech

D  it occurs at the end of his speech in the lasts only five minutes

A  it looks forward to a future and more complete resolution

B  it “pushes” us towards a moral minimum by nagging us to do something

C  it is a positive and appealing longer term alternative

D  it finds a way of enthusiastically going forward together

A  finding the best balance between values at stake

B  trying to take into account the values on all sides

C  picking the side you personally like the best

D  finding ways the underlying values and interests of both sides can be co-achieved

A  utilitarianism argues in favor of assisted suicide

B  all of these are true

C  virtue theory argues against assisted suicide

D  Kant (Ethics of the person) argues against assisted suicide

A  all of us are both pro-life and pro-choice in a general sense

B  all pro-life advocates oppose abortion in all cases, even rape, incest, and when the life of the mother is at risk

C  both pro-life and pro-choice share many essential values, although they may prioritize these values differently

D  many pro-choice advocates are conflicted about abortion and although they would not choose it for themselves think it is a necessary option for others

A  the media tends to minimize “either/or” thinking

B  it presents polarizing and irresolvable positions

C  it is an overly simplistic and extreme approach

D  it is an adversarial “winner take all” approach

A  it strives to get all sides as much as possible of what they want

B  it is legalistic and judgmental

C  it makes the problem the problem

D  it focuses on shared interests rather than hard-line positions

A  virtues are traits that express and fulfill our rational nature

B  all of these are true

C  by growing in these virtues we achieve our potential as humans

D  moral virtues are character traits that fulfill our essence as human beings

A  like to hunt

B  be a color that blends in with the surroundings

C  not be frightened by loud noises

D  be quiet

A  moral and legal rights of the individual

B  Kant’s Categorical Imperative

C  equality for individuals regardless of gender, race or class

D  reduction of social pain and suffering

A  regards persons as supremely valuable

B  advocated by Martin Buber

C  believes individuals should be viewed as a “means to an end” and not “ends in themselves”

D  advocated by Immanuel Kant

A  it is a rational aim

B  it is concerned with the well being of others

C  it is short term

D  it is essentially social

A  originated with Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill

B  seeks the greatest good of the smallest number

C  focuses on happiness

D  aims for the greatest balance of happiness over pain of suffering as a whole in the long run

A  describe the legitimate expectations of ourselves and others

B  may be organized into ethical theories

C  include greed, lust, and gluttony

D  include fairness, equality, responsibility, and respect

A  God listened to Abraham

B  Abraham bargains with God,

C  Abraham agrees that Sodom should be destroyed

D  Abraham thinks for himself

A  women were considered property of their fathers or husbands

B  some of the values were different then than they are now

C  the biblical prophet Ezekial says Sodom was destroyed because of their homosexuality

D  the main point of the story is not clear

A  not eating bacon

B  not eating shrimp and lobster

C  all of these

D  not wearing garments made out of blended material

A  lying to shelter fugitives from the Nazis

B  lying to hide fugitive slaves

C  lying to get out of trouble for something you’ve done wrong

D  Jean Valjean stealing to feed a starving child

A  rules are rough guides and have exceptions

B  rules may conflict

C  rules replace the need to think

D  rules make life simpler

A  limit your experience to what you know is true

B  welcome change

C  pursue the facts

D  welcome challenges

A  seek out people with whom you do not agree

B  let challenges stretch your mind

C  seek out challenges

D  aim to live more comfortably

A  relativism

B  offhand self justification

C  dogmatism

D  sound ethical thinking

A  relativism

B  offhand self-justification

C  dogmatism

D  sound ethical thinking

A  avoiding bumper sticker simplicity

B  using categorical language when describing ethical issues

C  avoiding name calling

D  keeping an open mind

A  thinking creatively

B  thinking constructively

C  thinking simplistically

D  thinking systematically