Midterm 1 (2)

A  assume if it has been written and published that it is true

B  determine the author’s background

C  evaluate the author’s sources

D  ascertain the author’s bias and purpose

A  statistics, surveys, obscure facts, and unique descriptions or examples need a citation

B  a paraphrase of another’s work does not need a citation

C  well known facts and quotes do not need citation

D  direct quotes requires a citation

A  dictionaries

B  government documents

C  encyclopedias

D  human sources

A  consider what you have not written, i.e. what you have left out of your paper

B  show your work to someone else for their honest opinion

C  hand it in only once it is perfect

D  edit your work for grammatical mistakes

A  the more clearly, precisely, and up front you state your thesis the better

B  include some detail on how you will defend your thesis

C  limit your thesis statement to what you will defend

D  the thesis statement is the most important premise defending your conclusion

A  know your audience

B  choose and broaden your topic

C  know yourself

D  write a sentence that expresses your claim

A  determine if it is possible to attack the motives of the opposition

B  determine if it is possible to refute a weak claim by reducing it to absurdity

C  determine if it is possible to refute or weaken arguments with countervailing evidence

D  determine if it is possible to refute statements by citing counterexamples

A  it is logically correct, i.e. either deductively sound or inductively cogent

B  it is a persuasive argument

C  it is well written or well spoken

D  it agrees with my views

A  be accurate and don’t misrepresent

B  take what is unclear and make it clear

C  be charitable

D  try to use as many words as the original argument

A  number the steps of the argument

B  fill in missing premises or conclusions

C  write in complete sentences

D  put the conclusion first

A  appeal to ignorance

B  false alternatives

C  loaded question

D  in appropriate appeal to authority

A  slippery slope

B  hasty generalization

C  weak analogy

D  inconsistency

A  straw man

B  scare tactics

C  bandwagon argument

D  red herring

A  look who’s talking (tu quoque)

B  attacking the motive

C  two wrongs make a right

D  a personal attack (ad hominem)

A  given that

B  since

C  therefore

D  for

A  because

B  thus

C  consequently

D  if follows that

A  one or more premises which are intended to prove or support a conclusion

B  an illustration

C  a conditional statement

D  a report

A  Mandala

B  Anita Roddick

C  Mohammed Yunus

D  Gandhi

A  Mandela

B  Anita Roddick

C  Gandhi

D  Muhammed Yunus

A  patience

B  explicitness

C  attention

D  none of these

A  explicitness

B  none of these

C  patience

D  attention

A  explicitness

B  none of these

C  attention

D  patience

A  ethics and money

B  ethics and work

C  ethics and sex

D  ethics and what we eat

A  ethics and work

B  ethics and sex

C  ethics and money

D  ethics and what we eat

A  Weston maintains that dilemmas are indeed unsolvable

B  Weston suggests we assume problems, even “dilemmas,” are solvable

C  Weston uses Heinz’s dilemma as an example

D  Weston uses Sartre’s young friend as an example

A  thought to be impossible to solve

B  all of these

C  a problem with two sharply opposed options

D  each side’s “solution” is unacceptable to the other side

A  ask if the problem can be prevented

B  revisit outlying parts of the problem

C  none of these

D  view problems as a growth opportunity to be welcomed

A  carefully administered hallucinogenic drugs

B  abortion and animal research in Japan

C  seven generation decision making of the American Indians

D  homelessness in other cultures

A  reversal

B  random word method

C  exaggeration

D  full steam ahead method

A  it seeks to limit the possibilities

B  it helps solve ethical problems by going beyond the norm

C  it is essential for practical problem solving

D  it seeks to reframe the problem

A  all of these are true

B  it is an excellent example of proclaiming a moral vision

C  it occurs at the end of his speech in the lasts only five minutes

D  it was an improvisation and not planned in his original speech

A  it looks forward to a future and more complete resolution

B  it finds a way of enthusiastically going forward together

C  it “pushes” us towards a moral minimum by nagging us to do something

D  it is a positive and appealing longer term alternative

A  trying to take into account the values on all sides

B  finding the best balance between values at stake

C  finding ways the underlying values and interests of both sides can be co-achieved

D  picking the side you personally like the best

A  all of these are true

B  virtue theory argues against assisted suicide

C  utilitarianism argues in favor of assisted suicide

D  Kant (Ethics of the person) argues against assisted suicide

A  all of us are both pro-life and pro-choice in a general sense

B  both pro-life and pro-choice share many essential values, although they may prioritize these values differently

C  many pro-choice advocates are conflicted about abortion and although they would not choose it for themselves think it is a necessary option for others

D  all pro-life advocates oppose abortion in all cases, even rape, incest, and when the life of the mother is at risk

A  it is an overly simplistic and extreme approach

B  the media tends to minimize “either/or” thinking

C  it presents polarizing and irresolvable positions

D  it is an adversarial “winner take all” approach

A  it is legalistic and judgmental

B  it makes the problem the problem

C  it strives to get all sides as much as possible of what they want

D  it focuses on shared interests rather than hard-line positions

A  moral virtues are character traits that fulfill our essence as human beings

B  all of these are true

C  virtues are traits that express and fulfill our rational nature

D  by growing in these virtues we achieve our potential as humans

A  not be frightened by loud noises

B  like to hunt

C  be quiet

D  be a color that blends in with the surroundings

A  equality for individuals regardless of gender, race or class

B  moral and legal rights of the individual

C  Kant’s Categorical Imperative

D  reduction of social pain and suffering

A  believes individuals should be viewed as a “means to an end” and not “ends in themselves”

B  advocated by Immanuel Kant

C  regards persons as supremely valuable

D  advocated by Martin Buber

A  it is a rational aim

B  it is concerned with the well being of others

C  it is short term

D  it is essentially social

A  focuses on happiness

B  originated with Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill

C  aims for the greatest balance of happiness over pain of suffering as a whole in the long run

D  seeks the greatest good of the smallest number

A  may be organized into ethical theories

B  include greed, lust, and gluttony

C  describe the legitimate expectations of ourselves and others

D  include fairness, equality, responsibility, and respect

A  Abraham bargains with God,

B  Abraham thinks for himself

C  Abraham agrees that Sodom should be destroyed

D  God listened to Abraham

A  the main point of the story is not clear

B  the biblical prophet Ezekial says Sodom was destroyed because of their homosexuality

C  women were considered property of their fathers or husbands

D  some of the values were different then than they are now

A  not wearing garments made out of blended material

B  not eating shrimp and lobster

C  not eating bacon

D  all of these

A  lying to hide fugitive slaves

B  Jean Valjean stealing to feed a starving child

C  lying to get out of trouble for something you’ve done wrong

D  lying to shelter fugitives from the Nazis

A  rules make life simpler

B  rules replace the need to think

C  rules are rough guides and have exceptions

D  rules may conflict

A  welcome challenges

B  welcome change

C  pursue the facts

D  limit your experience to what you know is true

A  let challenges stretch your mind

B  seek out challenges

C  seek out people with whom you do not agree

D  aim to live more comfortably

A  offhand self justification

B  relativism

C  dogmatism

D  sound ethical thinking

A  dogmatism

B  relativism

C  offhand self-justification

D  sound ethical thinking

A  avoiding bumper sticker simplicity

B  using categorical language when describing ethical issues

C  keeping an open mind

D  avoiding name calling

A  thinking constructively

B  thinking simplistically

C  thinking creatively

D  thinking systematically