Exam 2 Chapters 7 – 11

A  Had a positive effect in corrections

B  Resigned before losing their positions

C  Lost their jobs

D  Provided inaccurate information, to the detriment of the organization

A  The media construction of crime will define what acts are regarded as criminal

B  The media construction of crime will reduce the seriousness of the crime

C  The media construction of crime will define what are thought to be the causes of crime

D  The media construction of crime will identify what policies of crime control should be adopted

A  The imposition of additional behavioral controls

B  A decrease in treatment programs

C  Increase in recidivism

D  Additional treatment and re-entry programs

A  When a journalist makes an attempt in hard news to persuade using emotional rhetoric rather than fact

B  When a journalist relies on an unsubstantiated argument without noting its weaknesses to produce a desired conclusion

C  Using persuasive interviewing techniques to influence others to disclose material they would normally not disclose

D  Any intentional and successful influence of a person by noncoercively altering the actual choices available to the person or by non-persuasively altering the perceptions by others of those choices.

A  Soliciting a fee from an inmate for finding him a job

B  Extortion through mistreatment or harassment

C  Theft of new televisions from the prison loading dock

D  Accepting gratuities to protect illicit activity

A  Do not lug (smuggle) drugs in to inmates

B  Always support fellow officers against inmate claims/allegations

C  Do not rat (inform on other guards)

D  Assist inmates in getting rehabilitated

A  Prisons have cultures where guards are corrupted and prisoners are denied their humanity

B  Guards are increasingly using more excessive force

C  Officer training emphasizes emotional detachment and degrading treatment

D  A humane correctional system is impossible given the dominant theory and practice of retribution

A  Rape is the most likely crime to be reported

B  Homicides are considered more newsworthy when the victim is white

C  Crimes against children are considered more newsworthy than crimes against the adults

D  Victims who are perpetrated against by a stranger are considered more newsworthy than a victim who knows the perpetrator

A  Assassination violates U.S. values and principles because it is done in secret and is a display of the exercise of overbearing state power against individuals.

B  Assassination is an immoral act and a form of politically motivated murder outside the bounds of the conventions of war and morality.

C  All of the other answers

D  Targeted killing calls into question the morality of U.S. foreign policy, which stresses human rights and democracy.

A  All of the other answers

B  It enables the executive branch of government to exercise wide powers under the authority of the president as commander-in-chief

C  It gives the executive the leverage to demand almost any resources in the furtherance of winning the war

D  It permits the employment of warlike measures concurrently with law enforcement measures

A  United States

B  United Kingdom

C  Australia

D  Canada

A  Retributive

B  Empathetic

C  Sympathetic

D  Callous

A  When an individual legislator or policy maker over-reacts to a problem

B  A public over-reaction caused by outdated public morals

C  An irrational and exaggerated response by the public to a perceived problem

D  When a small group of legislators panic and force through unethical legislation

A  A life sentence

B  A criminal conviction

C  The court

D  The prosecution process

A  Personal

B  Legalistic

C  Rewards

D  Compliance

A  Morality

B  Reasonable standard of care

C  Moral blame

D  Do no harm

A  Whites never have been engaged in drugs as much as blacks, a fact often reported in the media

B  Whites comprise almost 1/3 of illegal drug users and blacks almost 2/3, a fact often reported in the media

C  Whites comprise almost 3/4 of illegal drug users and blacks 13%, a fact not usually incorporated in media accounts

D  The War on Drugs focused on heroin, a drug often used by blacks, a fact not usually in the media

A  Invading foreign countries

B  Accidental killing of civilian non-terrorists

C  Torture during interrogation

D  Restricting rights during criminal processing of terrorist defendants

A  Prisons who want to receive federal funding must eliminate prison rape by 85%

B  Devising and implementation of national standards to detect, prevent, reduce, and punish rape

C  Prioritization of the prevention of rape in each prison system

D  Setting a zero-tolerance standard for prison rape

A  Minimum security

B  Supermax

C  Medium security

D  Maximum security

A  Reporting sympathetic stories of victims who have also been charged with crimes

B  Reporting, on the visual media, pictures of victims

C  Focusing only on the very young and the very old victims

D  Focusing attention only on victims who meet that standard of victimhood

A  The legal system is far more complex

B  The legal system makes it easier to fight crime because prosecutors know how to talk with the media

C  Few accused actually go to trial and unexciting plea bargains are the norm

D  Crime fighting is the complex part of the process

A  Empathy

B  Sympathy

C  Violence

D  Coercion

A  Sex offenses

B  Drug crimes

C  Homicides

D  Kidnappings

A  Racial and ethnic minorities are responsible for a substantial amount of property and drug crime therefore creating policies favoring punitiveness

B  Negative racial stereotypes and collective racial resentment are negatively correlated with policies favoring punitiveness

C  Negative racial stereotypes and collective racial resentment are positively correlated with polices favoring punitiveness

D  Racial and ethnic minorities are responsible for a substantial amount of violent crime therefore creating policies favoring punitiveness

A  It is not a realistic scenario

B  It negates the autonomy and dignity of the individual

C  It is not likely to happen as its proponents claim

D  It is a slippery slope, which could expand its use in other circumstances

A  The activities are morally permissible if they produce two effects, so long as one is morally permissible.

B  The activities are only morally impermissible if they produce two effects, both of which are morally impermissible

C  An unintended but unforeseen morally bad effect of an action can be excused if both the action and the intended effect are morally impermissible

D  An unintended but unforeseen morally bad effect of an action can be excused if both the action and the intended effect are morally permissible

A  Community-oriented corrections

B  Rehabilitation

C  Treatment

D  Punitiveness

A  Sex offenders

B  Murderers

C  Drug offenders

D  Prostitutes

A  There is widespread approval of them

B  The public is evenly divided on them

C  There is widespread approval of them

D  While they approve of it, they do not believe it should be applied indiscriminately to specific offenders under specific circumstances

A  Governmental control

B  Formal control

C  Social control

D  Informal control

A  Due process grounds

B  Ideological grounds

C  Cost-benefit grounds

D  Political grounds

A  Relativists

B  Deontologists

C  Consequentialists

D  Absolutists

A  Advocacy for greater levels of social control

B  A warning to the public

C  Assistance to law enforcement to make an arrest

D  A key profit maker for the media

A  Their control function

B  Their treatment and control functions

C  Their treatment function

D  Their heavy caseloads

A  Against a state in the United States.

B  By one part of government against another part of the same government.

C  By the military against a civilian government.

D  Committed by government, sometimes against its own people.

A  Are not applied to all offenders convicted under such statutes

B  Do not reflect the will of the majority

C  Result in disproportionately severe sentences

D  Have no incapacitate effect

A  A site for the construction of a moral order

B  A responsible path for discussion of moral issues

C  The primary source of news

D  A monopoly so that news is consistent

A  Sentencing guidelines

B  Work release programs to reduce jail and prison populations

C  Three-strikes laws

D  Treatment programs to reduce jail and prison populations

A  The placement of crime stories on television late at night hoping a viewer will be able identify the offender

B  Using entertainment to reenact criminal events

C  Using the media to report fictitious events so law enforcement can catch the real criminal

D  The marketing of edited, highly formatted information about the world in entertainment media vehicles

A  Graham v. Florida

B  Reynolds v. Florida

C  Kenny v. Indiana Youth Center

D  United States v. Shallet

A  Treat inmates ethically

B  Retain their discretion

C  Gain respect of inmates

D  Maintain power

A  Begun directly disobeying orders from superiors.

B  Begun taking monetary bribes from prisoners.

C  Refrained from enforcing certain prison rules and regulations.

D  Become members of prison gangs.

A  Violent

B  Property

C  Debtors

D  Vice

A  Drone paradigm

B  Terrorism paradigm

C  War paradigm

D  Enemy paradigm

A  Prosecutorial

B  Inmate

C  Celebrity

D  Judicial

A  Not worrying about the consequences

B  Asking whether there will be any consequences to our anti-terrorism policies

C  Asking whether our policies will render citizens more secure in the long term

D  Accepting the unavoidable consequences of our policies