Midterm 1

A  ascertain the author’s bias and purpose

B  determine the author’s background

C  assume if it has been written and published that it is true

D  evaluate the author’s sources

A  direct quotes requires a citation

B  a paraphrase of another’s work does not need a citation

C  statistics, surveys, obscure facts, and unique descriptions or examples need a citation

D  well known facts and quotes do not need citation

A  government documents

B  encyclopedias

C  dictionaries

D  human sources

A  edit your work for grammatical mistakes

B  hand it in only once it is perfect

C  consider what you have not written, i.e. what you have left out of your paper

D  show your work to someone else for their honest opinion

A  know your audience

B  know yourself

C  choose and broaden your topic

D  write a sentence that expresses your claim

A  determine if it is possible to attack the motives of the opposition

B  determine if it is possible to refute a weak claim by reducing it to absurdity

C  determine if it is possible to refute or weaken arguments with countervailing evidence

D  determine if it is possible to refute statements by citing counterexamples

A  it is a persuasive argument

B  it is well written or well spoken

C  it is logically correct, i.e. either deductively sound or inductively cogent

D  it agrees with my views

A  take what is unclear and make it clear

B  be accurate and don’t misrepresent

C  be charitable

D  try to use as many words as the original argument

A  fill in missing premises or conclusions

B  number the steps of the argument

C  put the conclusion first

D  write in complete sentences

A  in appropriate appeal to authority

B  loaded question

C  appeal to ignorance

D  false alternatives

A  hasty generalization

B  slippery slope

C  weak analogy

D  inconsistency

A  red herring

B  bandwagon argument

C  scare tactics

D  straw man

A  look who’s talking (tu quoque)

B  two wrongs make a right

C  attacking the motive

D  a personal attack (ad hominem)

A  therefore

B  given that

C  for

D  since

A  because

B  thus

C  if follows that

D  consequently

A  a conditional statement

B  a report

C  an illustration

D  one or more premises which are intended to prove or support a conclusion

A  Gandhi

B  Mandala

C  Anita Roddick

D  Mohammed Yunus

A  Mandela

B  Muhammed Yunus

C  Gandhi

D  Anita Roddick

A  patience

B  attention

C  explicitness

D  none of these

A  patience

B  none of these

C  attention

D  explicitness

A  attention

B  explicitness

C  patience

D  none of these

A  ethics and money

B  ethics and what we eat

C  ethics and sex

D  ethics and work

A  ethics and what we eat

B  ethics and money

C  ethics and sex

D  ethics and work

A  Weston uses Sartre’s young friend as an example

B  Weston suggests we assume problems, even “dilemmas,” are solvable

C  Weston maintains that dilemmas are indeed unsolvable

D  Weston uses Heinz’s dilemma as an example

A  thought to be impossible to solve

B  a problem with two sharply opposed options, each side’s “solution” is unacceptable to the other side, and thought to be impossible to solve

C  a problem with two sharply opposed options

D  each side’s “solution” is unacceptable to the other side

A  revisit outlying parts of the problem

B  ask if the problem can be prevented

C  view problems as a growth opportunity to be welcomed

D  none of these

A  seven generation decision making of the American Indians

B  carefully administered hallucinogenic drugs

C  abortion and animal research in Japan

D  homelessness in other cultures

A  exaggeration

B  reversal

C  full steam ahead method

D  random word method

A  it seeks to reframe the problem

B  it seeks to limit the possibilities

C  it helps solve ethical problems by going beyond the norm

D  it is essential for practical problem solving

A  it was an improvisation and not planned in his original speech

B  it is an excellent example of proclaiming a moral vision

C  it occurs at the end of his speech in the lasts only five minutes

D  it is an excellent example of proclaiming a moral vision, it was an improvisation and not planned in his original speech, and it occurs at the end of his speech in the lasts only five minutes

A  it finds a way of enthusiastically going forward together

B  it “pushes” us towards a moral minimum by nagging us to do something

C  it looks forward to a future and more complete resolution

D  it is a positive and appealing longer term alternative

A  finding the best balance between values at stake

B  picking the side you personally like the best

C  finding ways the underlying values and interests of both sides can be co-achieved

D  trying to take into account the values on all sides

A  utilitarianism argues in favor of assisted suicide

B  Kant (Ethics of the person) argues against assisted suicide

C  virtue theory argues against assisted suicide, utilitarianism argues in favor of assisted suicide, and Kant (Ethics of the person) argues against assisted suicide

D  virtue theory argues against assisted suicide

A  all of us are both pro-life and pro-choice in a general sense

B  both pro-life and pro-choice share many essential values, although they may prioritize these values differently

C  all pro-life advocates oppose abortion in all cases, even rape, incest, and when the life of the mother is at risk

D  many pro-choice advocates are conflicted about abortion and although they would not choose it for themselves think it is a necessary option for others

A  it is an overly simplistic and extreme approach

B  it presents polarizing and irresolvable positions

C  the media tends to minimize “either/or” thinking

D  it is an adversarial “winner take all” approach

A  it strives to get all sides as much as possible of what they want

B  it focuses on shared interests rather than hard-line positions

C  it makes the problem the problem

D  it is legalistic and judgmental

A  by growing in these virtues we achieve our potential as humans

B  moral virtues are character traits that fulfill our essence as human beings

C  virtues are traits that express and fulfill our rational nature

D  virtues are traits that express and fulfill our rational nature, moral virtues are character traits that fulfill our essence as human beings,and by growing in these virtues we achieve our potential as humans

A  be a color that blends in with the surroundings

B  not be frightened by loud noises

C  like to hunt

D  be quiet

A  moral and legal rights of the individual

B  reduction of social pain and suffering

C  Kant’s Categorical Imperative

D  equality for individuals regardless of gender, race or class

A  advocated by Immanuel Kant

B  believes individuals should be viewed as a “means to an end” and not “ends in themselves”

C  advocated by Martin Buber

D  regards persons as supremely valuable

A  it is a rational aim

B  it is concerned with the well being of others

C  it is essentially social

D  it is short term

A  seeks the greatest good of the smallest number

B  aims for the greatest balance of happiness over pain of suffering as a whole in the long run

C  focuses on happiness

D  originated with Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill

A  describe the legitimate expectations of ourselves and others

B  may be organized into ethical theories

C  include greed, lust, and gluttony

D  include fairness, equality, responsibility, and respect

A  Abraham bargains with God,

B  Abraham agrees that Sodom should be destroyed

C  Abraham thinks for himself

D  God listened to Abraham

A  the main point of the story is not clear

B  women were considered property of their fathers or husbands

C  the biblical prophet Ezekial says Sodom was destroyed because of their homosexuality

D  some of the values were different then than they are now

A  not wearing garments made out of blended material

B  not eating bacon, shrimp and lobster and not wearing garments made out of blended material and

C  not eating bacon

D  not eating shrimp and lobster

A  Jean Valjean stealing to feed a starving child

B  lying to hide fugitive slaves

C  lying to get out of trouble for something you’ve done wrong

D  lying to shelter fugitives from the Nazis

A  rules make life simpler

B  rules are rough guides and have exceptions

C  rules may conflict

D  rules replace the need to think

A  limit your experience to what you know is true

B  welcome challenges

C  welcome change

D  pursue the facts

A  seek out people with whom you do not agree

B  let challenges stretch your mind

C  aim to live more comfortably

D  seek out challenges

A  offhand self justification

B  sound ethical thinking

C  relativism

D  dogmatism

A  offhand self-justification

B  relativism

C  dogmatism

D  sound ethical thinking

A  avoiding name calling

B  using categorical language when describing ethical issues

C  keeping an open mind

D  avoiding bumper sticker simplicity