Exam 2

A  Can cure any disease

B  Consists mainly of vitamins. minerals and enzymes

C  Provides proper nutrients and energy for your body

D  Causes an imbalance in your body’s organ systems

A  Lungs producing energy by inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide

B  Photosynthesis using the food you eat to produce energy

C  Energy from food diffusing into each organ of the body

D  Cells using glucose from food and oxygen from breathing

A  Ribosomes

B  Chloroplasts

C  Mitochondria

D  Lysosomes

A  Fat used for protection

B  Atom used to make oxygen

C  Protein used to increase muscle size

D  Carbohydrate used as energy source

A  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

B  collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane

C  second messengers

A  mobile carriers of high energy electrons

B  second messengers

C  binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication

A  second messengers

B  collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane

C  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

A  binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication

B  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

C  mobile carriers of high energy electrons

A  binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication

B  collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane

C  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

A  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

B  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

C  carbon fixation initiating the Calvin cycle

A  carbon fixation initiating the Calvin cycle

B  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

C  to release energy needed to make ATP

A  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

B  breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water & oxygen gas

C  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

A  breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water & oxygen gas

B  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

A  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

B  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

C  covalently bonds inorganic phosphate to ADP from energy released when H+ diffuses back into mitochondrial matrix

A  to convert sugar into starch

B  to produce carbon dioxide & alcohol

C  to prepare the cell for aerobic respiration

D  to release energy needed to make ATP

A  release of O2 from the reaction

B  boiling of living tissues

C  H2O2 evaporating

D  enzymes getting denatured

A  The dark purple areas (after iodine was added) were located in what used to be the green areas in the leaf.

B  The dark purple areas (after iodine was added) were located in what used to be in the white edges in the leaf.

C  Coagulation occurred in the center of the leaf.

D  Bubbles showed up after soaking the leaf in iodine solution.

A  aerobic respiration

B  signal transduction

C  photosynthesis

D  fermentation

A  final product of the reaction.

B  an enzyme needed to make ATP.

C  the substrate that was broken down.

D  an intermediate of the pathway.

A  C

B  B

C  A

A  released during photosynthesis

B  consumed during photosynthesis

C  released during respiration

D  consumed during respiration

A  Only the tube with starch by itself turned orange when tested with Benedict’s.

B  All tubes tested with iodine remained blue/black in color.

C  Only the tube with starch & saliva combined turned orange when tested with Benedict’s.

D  All tubes tested with Benedict’s reagent turned orange in color.

A  amount of O2 consumed

B  amount of CO2 released

C  amount of ATP produced

D  decrease in mass of peas

A  Photosynthesis & Respiration

B  Fermentation only

C  Photosynthesis only

D  Respiration only

A  alcohol

B  water

C  acetone & petroleum ether

D  iodine

A  presence/absence of milk protein

B  presence/absence of rennin (rennet)

C  coagulation

D  color of the solution inside the test tubes

A  purple anthocyanin

B  yellow green chlorophyll b

C  grass green chlorophyll a

D  yellow carotene

A  soaked peas & beads

B  beads only

C  dry peas & beads

D  soaked peas only

A  there are no enzymes in living tissues.

B  boiling activates enzymes in living tissues.

C  enzymes destroy living tissues.

D  boiling denatures (destroys) enzymes in boiled tissues.

A  Binds to the receptor of a cell in close proximity to the cell that released it

B  Relay protein

C  Signal molecule between cells that far apart in the body

D  Second messenger

A  response protein is activated

B  ion channel receptor opens up

C  cAMP is formed

A  second messenger

B  relay protein

C  local regulator

D  receptors

A  Multiple steps (cascade) provide for greater amplification of a signal.

B  Each step in the cascade synthesizes ATP.

C  Relay proteins are activated simultaneously.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  role of cyclic AMP and calcium ions in signal transduction

B  reversibility of the process; signal molecule has to separate from the receptor after binding with it

C  presence of enzyme inhibitors

A  Conformational change in the receptor activates the G protein.

B  A protein kinase is phosphorylated.

C  Hormone replaces GTP with ATP in the G protein

A  local regulators

B  lipid-based such as steroids

C  small & polar such as Ca ions

D  peptide-based such as insulin

A  thylakoid membrane inside the chloroplast

B  stroma of the chloroplast

C  cell’s cytoplasm

D  mitochondrioal matrix

A  water

B  carbon dioxide

C  glucose

D  NADPH

A  photosynthesis must occur in plant leaves

B  green light is absorbed by the leaves

C  photosynthesis uses green light as a source of energy

A  oxygen gas

B  carbon dioxide

C  glucose

D  water

A  store water at night

B  use a different enzyme to fix CO2

C  fix CO2 into organic acids during the night

D  enhance photorespiration

A  to make ATP that the rest of the cell may use

B  to provide oxygen gas that humans can consume

C  to make energy-rich fuel molecules

D  to breakdown sugar for energy

A  light into chemical energy

B  light into oxygen gas

C  carbon dioxide int oxygen gas

D  glucose into lactic acid

A  ATP and NADPH

B  ADP and NADP+

C  CO2 and glucose

D  H2O and O2

A  It gets reused & goes through glycolysis a second time.

B  It enters the mitochondria to combine with oxygen gas

C  It combines with pyruvate to produce lactic acid

A  Calvin cycle

B  Krebs cycle

C  Glycolysis

D  Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis

A  to release carbon dioxide

B  for energy

C  to create energy-rich products

D  to use up oxygen gas

A  energy is released to produce ATP

B  intermediates get oxidized by NAD+

C  pyruvate is converted into lactic acid

D  glucose is broken down into 2 three-carbon sugar

A  cytoplasm

B  plasma membrane

C  mitochondrion

D  chloroplast

A  Oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport chain

B  Krebs (Citric acid) cycle

C  Glycolysis

A  Glucose is split into two pyruvates.

B  Glucose is synthesized using ADP & phosphate

C  Oxygen gas is used to make carbon dioxide.

D  The product of glycolysis is further broken down to release more energy.

A  energy-rich organic compounds & oxygen gas

B  anti-oxidants & inorganic salts

C  cytoplasmic enzymes & mitochondria

D  carbon dioxide & water

A  Respiration runs the biochemical pathways of photosynthesis in reverse.

B  Photosynthesis occurs only in plants and respiration occurs only in animals.

C  Photosynthesis stores energy in sugars, whereas respiration releases it.

A  ATP and citric acid

B  H2O and O2

C  NAD+ and FAD+

D  glucose and pyruvate

A  cell respiration enzymes are inhibited.

B  ATP gets converted to cyclic AMP & pyrophosphate.

C  ADP & phosphate are covalently bonded.

D  high energy phosphate bond breaks off from ATP.

A  light-dependent reactions (cyclic & noncylcic electron flow) of photosynthesis

B  Krebs (Citric acid) cycle

C  Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis

D  light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) of photosynthesis

E  glycolysis

A  pulling the substrates away from the enzyme

B  binding to the enzyme and modifying the shape of the enzyme’s active site

C  occupying the active sites & preventing the substrate to bind with it

A  pH =1

B  warm moist environment

C  high concentration of its inhibitor

D  boiled

E  inside the freezer

A  digest food

B  release energy from “fuel” molecules

C  detoxify toxins

D  synthesize large macromolecules

A  2

B  4

C  3

D  1

A  A is the initial substrate & D is the final product.

B  D is much smaller than A.

C  B & C are intermediates.

A  the shape of its active site has to match the shape of the substrate

B  its polarity has to be similar to the product’s polarity

C  it has to be the same size as the substrate

A  To live, organisms convert “useful” energy into dissipated heat.

B  Life obeys the law of entropy but not the law of conservation of energy.

C  Life contradicts the law of entropy.