Chapter 6 Quiz

A  providing an unlimited supply of energy

B  maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance

C  serving as antibodies

D  maintaining acid-base balance

E  regulating gene expression

A  I, III, and IV only

B  I, II, IV, and V

C  I, III, IV, and V

D  I and V only

A  No; Extra carbohydrate and fat, but not extra protein, are needed for recovery from illness.

B  No; Whole protein is better handled by the digestive system and will promote muscle mass gain better than amino acid supplements.

C  Yes; But, one should also do plenty of exercise to promote muscle regain.

D  Yes; Taking amino acid supplements helps keep the digestive system from overworking while you recover from illness.

E  Yes; Amino acid supplements are an excellent way to quickly provide energy to muscles for rebuilding.

A  a pregnant woman

B  a carnivore

C  a lacto-ovo vegetarian

D  a vegan

E  an omnivore

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Even if she does not have celiac disease, she will benefit from removing gluten from her diet.

B  She should be successful because it is an excellent way to lose weight.

C  Gluten-free diets are useful because they also help prevent cancer.

D  Gluten-free weight-loss diets offer no advantages over other low-calorie diets.

E  The gluten-free diet will help relieve any digestive symptoms she may have.

A  UV light

B  genetic modification

C  bacteria

D  crop rotation

E  fertilizer

A  RNA

B  DNA

A  It promotes a leaner body type.

B  It reduces the risk of cancer.

C  It provides more phytochemicals.

D  It provides more antioxidant nutrients and fiber.

E  It provides more saturated fat.

A  black beans

B  peanuts

C  eggs

D  peppers

E  pasta

A  It is used to make the vitamin niacin.

B  It is converted into the hormone insulin.

C  It is a precursor of vitamin C.

D  It is used to make the brown pigment melanin.

E  It is used to make the neurotransmitter serotonin.

A  Larger peptide molecules must be completely broken down into amino acids to be absorbed into the bloodstream from the intestine.

B  Protein digestion and absorption require some form of carbohydrate.

C  Amino acids need a carrier in the bloodstream because they do not transport very well alone.

D  Cells in the small intestine possess different sites for absorbing different types of amino acids, which causes competition among amino acids at the absorption sites.

E  Proteins are broken down into individual amino acids and absorbed by all intestinal cells at an equal rate.

A  excretion of intracellular working proteins as old cells wear out

B  use of amino acids that have been conserved from the breakdown of old cells

C  loss of amino acids by excretion through the kidneys when cells die

D  conversion of half the protein we eat to glucose for energy

E  annual replacement of old cells with new protein that has entered the body in food

A  kidney beans

B  eggs

C  almonds

D  flaxseeds

E  margarine

A  increased nutrient absorption from the digestive tract

B  slow growth in children

C  a weakened immune system

D  impaired brain and kidney function

E  negative nitrogen balance

A  small intestines

B  stomach

C  mouth

D  blood stream

A  glycogen

B  antibodies

C  insulin

D  collagen

A  freezing

B  mercury

C  heat

D  stomach

E  radiation

A  side chain

B  amino group

C  backbone

D  carbon bond

E  acid group

A  B12

B  phytochemicals

C  zinc

D  Iron

E  vitamin C