Examination 2

A  social control.

B  status consistency.

C  structural mobility.

D  class warfare.

E  upward mobility.

A  A community where neighbors don’t know each other very well.True

B  A college campus with students who are very competitive.

C  A city with a large minority population.

D  A neighborhood with mostly elderly people.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  a published list of practices and behaviors on which society’s members base their daily lives.

B  the regulation and enforcement of norms.

C  dysfunctional in most societies.

D  a system that has the authority to make decisions based on law.

A  instrumental leadership.

B  conformity.

C  bureaucracy.

D  groupthink.

A  A hate crime never involves physical violence to the victim..

B  A hate crime is punishable in a court of law; a violent crime is not.

C  A violent crime is punishable in a court of law; a hate crime is not.

D  A hate crime is based on the victim’s son’s race, religion, or other characteristics.

A  the regulation and enforcement of norms.

B  a violation of established norms, whether folkways, mores, or codified law

C  social rewards for the violation of norms.

D  the act of notifying authorities when criminal acts are occurring.

A  a social network.

B  a voluntary organization.

C  social capital.

D  a bureaucracy.

A  Meredith receiving compliments on her hair after visiting the salon.

B  Ed being given a “Teacher of the Year” award for her work as a high school English teacher.

C  Mario being sent to jail after robbing a CVS.

D  Beatrix being booed off stage after telling an offensive joke during her comedy routine.

A  children under 18 years old.

B  65 years old or older.

C  18 to 64 years old.

D  single mothers.

A  a large group moves up or down due to societal change.

B  a member of a family belongs to a different social class than his/her/xir siblings.

C  an individual moves up the social class ladder.

D  an individual moves down the social class ladder.

A  when negative informal sanctions encourage an individual to seek better behavioral choices.

B  when positive formal sanctions cause an individual to deviate from society’s expectations.

C  when a person’s self-concept and behavior begin to change after his or her actions are labeled as deviant by members of society.

D  when a violation of norms does not result in any long-term effects on the individual’s self-image or interactions with others.

A  usually is more sophisticated.

B  is more likely to be violent.

C  involves more people.

D  usually causes more economic damage.

E  is committed by higher-status people.

A  conformist.

B  retreatist.

C  ritualist.

D  innovator.

E  rebel.

A  Conflict.

B  Differential association.

C  Symbolic interactionist.

D  Functionalist.

A  conspicuous consumption.

B  credit card populism.

C  designer consumerism.

D  popular consumption.

A  that the more society values a particular profession, the more money the people in that profession will make.

B  that economic hardship and skyrocketing inflation is the cause for all social stratification in the United States.

C  that Karl Marx was correct and that stratification can only be solved by converting to a socialist government.

D  that people constantly move up and down the social ladder, and this creates an unstable economy which will eventually collapse on itself.

A  defined correctly according to Karl Marx.

B  influenced almost solely by economic factors.

C  not determined solely by economics but influenced also by social and political actors.

D  determined almost entirely by religious factors.

A  conflict perspective.

B  evolutionary perspective.

C  functionalist perspective.

D  anomic perspective.

E  interactionist perspective.

A  the ranking of people into a hierarchy in which resources considered valuable are unequally distributed.

B  the movement of people from one social position to another in the stratification system.

C  the movement to a higher position in the stratification hierarchy in contrast to the  position of one’s parents.

D  a person’s social location based on all three dimensions of the stratification system.

A  modern societies only.

B  all societies.

C  societies of moderate size only.

D  formal organizations only.

E  caste-based societies only.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Control theory.

B  Strain theory.

C  Labeling theory.

D  Conflict theory.

E  Differential association theory.

A  a secondary group.

B  a subculture.

C  a “hipster” culture.

D  none of these.

E  a crime syndicate.

A  reference group

B  out-group

C  instrumental leaders

D  primary group

A  in-group

B  social network

C  primary group

D  secondary group

A  out-group

B  in-group.

C  secondary group

D  reference group.

A  the increasing presence of the fast-food business model in common social institutions

B  the country’s increasing dependence on fast food for daily meals.

C  the increaing popularity of McDonalds as a hang-out for youths all over the world.

D  the obesity epidemic that’s rapidly sweeping the United States.

A  relies on degradation ceremonies.

B  plays a musical instrument.

C  rejects gender roles in the name of the feminist movement.

D  is goal-oriented and largely concerned with accomplishing set tasks.

E  promotes emotional strength and health, ensuring that people feel supported

A  Clear division of labor .

B  Impersonality.

C  Personality-based promotion.

D  Explicit rules .

A  reference group

B  aggregate

C  out-group

D  dyad

E  in-group

A  the belief that ideas about sex and gender roles are innate—we are born with them.

B  the idea that successful socialization occurs only in two-parent families

C  the idea that development/socialization occurs in a sequence of stages

D  an emphasis on nature, rather than nurture

A  the looking-glass self

B  generalized other

C  morality of justice

D  agents of socialization

E  morality of care

A  code of the west

B  generalized other

C  morality of justice

D  morality of care

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Learning to read and write.

B  Following a schedule.

C  Understanding when to speak up and when to be silent

D  Knowing locker room etiquette.

A  Race/ethnicity.

B  Gender.

C  Blood type.

D  Social class.

A  George Herbert Mead’s theory of self-development.

B  Kohlberg’s theory of moral development.

C  Freud’s theory of self-development.

D  Nature vs. Nurture.

A  Allowing Joey to sleep with his “blankey”.

B  Encouraging Vicki to wear pants to school.

C  Buying Sarah a toy kitchen to play with.

D  Taking Jimmy to the aquarium.

A  impression management.

B  class consciousness

C  a counterculture.

D  a degradation ceremony

E  an entry test that must be passed

F    

A  they protect adolescents from peer pressure

B  they help young individuals develop a sense of identity separate from their parents

C  they provide the only major socialization experience outside the realm of their families

D  their influence is higher in importance than the influence of parents

A  the hidden curriculum

B  the sociological imagination

C  anticipatory socialization

D  the looking-glass self

E  moral reasoning