Lecture Exam 3

A  organ

B  bundle of macromolecules in nerve cells

C  organelle in nerve cells

D  axon

E  nerve cell

A  B, D, C, A, E

B  B, C, D, E, A

C  D, B, C, E, A

D  D, B, E, A, C

A  At least half the length of the fiber intact

B  At least the entire axon and neurilemma intact

C  The neurosoma and at least some neurilemma intact

D  At least part of the neurosoma intact

E  All dendrites intact

A  A resting membrane potential is established

B  Threshold is reached

C  Repolarization of the membrane

D  Hyperpolarization of the membrane

E  A local potential develops

A  hyperpolarizing

B  exiting the threshold

C  reaching the threshold

D  depolarizing

E  repolarizing

A  Ependymal cells

B  Satellite cells

C  Oligodendrocytes

D  Schwann cells

E  Nodes of Ranvier

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Secretion

B  Excitablity

C  Permeability

D  Conductivity

A  calcium; IPSP

B  potassium; EPSP

C  calcium and sodium; IPSP

D  chloride; IPSP

E  sodium; IPSP

A  Depolarization of the membrane

B  Threshold is reached

C  Hyperpolarization of the membrane

D  The resting membrane potential is reinstated

E  Hypopolarization of the membrane

A  Somatic sensory division

B  Somatic motor division

C  Visceral motor division

D  Central nervous system

E  Visceral sensory division

A  There are more internodes in unmyelinated fibers.

B  Active transport of sodium and potassium is faster in myelinated fibers.

C  Diffusion of ions along the axoplasm is faster.

D  There are no internodes in unmyelinated fibers.

E  Facilitated diffusion of sodium and potassium is faster in myelinated fibers.

A  somatic sensory

B  visceral motor

C  visceral sensory

D  somatic motor

E  afferent

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It would hyperpolarize.

B  The RMP would be unaffected.

C  It would become more negative.

D  It would become more positive.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Through co-transport

B  By diffusion

C  Along microtubules

D  Via cytoplasmic streaming

A  proteins

B  glycoproteins

C  polysaccharides

D  carbohydrates

E  lipids

A  Drifting of the membrane potential towards the resting membrane potential

B  Neutralization of the plasma membrane

C  Depolarization of the plasma membrane

D  Repolarization of the plasma membrane

E  Hyperpolarization of the plasma membrane

A  somatic motor

B  sympathetic

C  parasympathetic

D  sensory afferent

E  motor afferent

A  The axon

B  The axon hillock

C  The dendrites

D  The neurosoma

E  The Schwann cell

A  Potassium ions are leaving the cell

B  Both sodium and potassium ions are leaving the cell

C  Sodium ions are leaving the cell

D  Potassium ions are entering the cell

E  Sodium ions are entering the cells

A  A voltage change from -70 mV to -70.5 mV

B  A voltage change from -70 mV to -69.5 mV

C  A voltage change from +35 mV to 0 mV

D  A voltage change from 0 mV to +0.35 mV

E  A voltage change from -69.5 mV to -70 mV

A  From node to node in unmyelinated fibers

B  Down the entire length of a myelinated fiber

C  From node to node in myelinated fibers

D  Down the entire length of an unmyelinated fiber

A  The dendrites

B  The axon collaterals

C  The neurosomas

D  The axons

E  The axon terminals

A  organ systems

B  organelles

C  organs

D  cells

E  tissues

A  they are released into the bloodstream before reaching the postsynaptic cell

B  they are synthesized by a presynaptic neuron

C  they are released in response to stimulation

D  they alter the physiology of the postsynaptic cell

E  they bind to specific receptors on the postsynaptic cell

A  sodium gates are fully open

B  chloride gates are partially open

C  chloride gates are fully open

D  potassium gates are fully open

E  sodium gates are partially open

A  neuronal coding

B  recruitment

C  temporal summation

D  neural summation

E  spatial summation

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  An oligodendrocyte cells wraps its plasma membrane around each fiber as it does with myelinated fibers.

B  A Schwann cell folds its plasma membrane around several fibers .

C  Satellite cells cluster around each axon to form a pseudo-myelin sheath.

D  A Schwann cells wraps its plasma membrane around each individual fiber as it does with myelinated fibers.

A  Synaptic vesicles secrete neurotransmitter by exocytosis.

B  The axon terminal reabsorbs some neurotransmitters by endocytosis.

C  Neurotransmitter escapes from the synapse into the nearby extracellular fluid.

D  Enzymes in the postsynaptic cell break down some neurotransmitters.

E  Neurotransmitters are no longer released.

A  The nervous system releases neurotransmitters between cells, while the endocrine system releases hormones into the blood.

B  The nervous system releases hormones into the blood, while the endocrine system releases neurotransmitters between cells.

C  The nervous system releases hormones between cells, while the endocrine system releases neurotransmitters into the blood.

D  The nervous system releases neurotransmitters into the blood, while the endocrine system releases hormones between cells.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Somatic receptor → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → efferent nerve fiber → smooth muscle

B  Somatic receptor → efferent nerve fiber → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → skeletal muscle

C  Somatic receptor → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → efferent nerve fiber → skeletal muscle

D  Somatic receptor → efferent nerve fiber → interneuron → afferent nerve fiber → skeletal muscle

A  pain receptors

B  nociceptors

C  chemoreceptors

D  visceral receptors

E  proprioceptors

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  anterior horn

B  anterior column

C  posterior horn

D  posterior root ganglion

E  posterior column

A  anterior root of a spinal nerve

B  posterior horn

C  anterior horn

D  posterior root of a spinal nerve

E  spinal nerve

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  painful

B  tendon

C  flexor (withdrawal)

D  stretch

E  crossed extension

A  Touch

B  Vision

C  Taste

D  Hearing

E  Smell

A  62

B  24

C  35

D  12

E  31

A  A fracture of vertebra T5

B  A fracture of vertebra C2

C  A fracture of vertebra C6

D  A fracture of vertebra L4

E  A fracture of vertebra T12

A  nerve fiber; nerves

B  nerve; neurosomas

C  nerve fiber; axons

D  nerve fiber; neurosomas

E  nerve; axons

A  Reflex responses are very predictable.

B  Reflexes are quick responses of the nervous system.

C  Reflexes do not require a stimulus.

D  Reflexes are responses to sensory inputs.

E  Reflexes are not voluntary.