Lecture Exam 3

A  axon

B  bundle of macromolecules in nerve cells

C  organelle in nerve cells

D  nerve cell

E  organ

A  D, B, C, E, A

B  D, B, E, A, C

C  B, C, D, E, A

D  B, D, C, A, E

A  The neurosoma and at least some neurilemma intact

B  At least the entire axon and neurilemma intact

C  At least half the length of the fiber intact

D  All dendrites intact

E  At least part of the neurosoma intact

A  Threshold is reached

B  Repolarization of the membrane

C  A local potential develops

D  Hyperpolarization of the membrane

E  A resting membrane potential is established

A  depolarizing

B  reaching the threshold

C  hyperpolarizing

D  repolarizing

E  exiting the threshold

A  Ependymal cells

B  Satellite cells

C  Oligodendrocytes

D  Schwann cells

E  Nodes of Ranvier

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Permeability

B  Secretion

C  Excitablity

D  Conductivity

A  calcium and sodium; IPSP

B  sodium; IPSP

C  chloride; IPSP

D  calcium; IPSP

E  potassium; EPSP

A  Depolarization of the membrane

B  Hypopolarization of the membrane

C  Hyperpolarization of the membrane

D  The resting membrane potential is reinstated

E  Threshold is reached

A  Visceral sensory division

B  Visceral motor division

C  Somatic sensory division

D  Somatic motor division

E  Central nervous system

A  Active transport of sodium and potassium is faster in myelinated fibers.

B  Diffusion of ions along the axoplasm is faster.

C  There are more internodes in unmyelinated fibers.

D  There are no internodes in unmyelinated fibers.

E  Facilitated diffusion of sodium and potassium is faster in myelinated fibers.

A  somatic sensory

B  afferent

C  visceral motor

D  visceral sensory

E  somatic motor

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It would become more positive.

B  It would hyperpolarize.

C  It would become more negative.

D  The RMP would be unaffected.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  By diffusion

B  Via cytoplasmic streaming

C  Along microtubules

D  Through co-transport

A  proteins

B  lipids

C  carbohydrates

D  polysaccharides

E  glycoproteins

A  Repolarization of the plasma membrane

B  Drifting of the membrane potential towards the resting membrane potential

C  Neutralization of the plasma membrane

D  Depolarization of the plasma membrane

E  Hyperpolarization of the plasma membrane

A  motor afferent

B  sensory afferent

C  sympathetic

D  somatic motor

E  parasympathetic

A  The axon hillock

B  The neurosoma

C  The axon

D  The dendrites

E  The Schwann cell

A  Potassium ions are entering the cell

B  Both sodium and potassium ions are leaving the cell

C  Sodium ions are entering the cells

D  Sodium ions are leaving the cell

E  Potassium ions are leaving the cell

A  A voltage change from -70 mV to -70.5 mV

B  A voltage change from 0 mV to +0.35 mV

C  A voltage change from +35 mV to 0 mV

D  A voltage change from -69.5 mV to -70 mV

E  A voltage change from -70 mV to -69.5 mV

A  Down the entire length of a myelinated fiber

B  From node to node in myelinated fibers

C  Down the entire length of an unmyelinated fiber

D  From node to node in unmyelinated fibers

A  The dendrites

B  The axons

C  The axon collaterals

D  The axon terminals

E  The neurosomas

A  cells

B  organs

C  organ systems

D  tissues

E  organelles

A  they are released in response to stimulation

B  they are released into the bloodstream before reaching the postsynaptic cell

C  they alter the physiology of the postsynaptic cell

D  they are synthesized by a presynaptic neuron

E  they bind to specific receptors on the postsynaptic cell

A  chloride gates are partially open

B  chloride gates are fully open

C  potassium gates are fully open

D  sodium gates are fully open

E  sodium gates are partially open

A  recruitment

B  neural summation

C  neuronal coding

D  spatial summation

E  temporal summation

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  A Schwann cells wraps its plasma membrane around each individual fiber as it does with myelinated fibers.

B  Satellite cells cluster around each axon to form a pseudo-myelin sheath.

C  A Schwann cell folds its plasma membrane around several fibers .

D  An oligodendrocyte cells wraps its plasma membrane around each fiber as it does with myelinated fibers.

A  Neurotransmitters are no longer released.

B  Neurotransmitter escapes from the synapse into the nearby extracellular fluid.

C  Synaptic vesicles secrete neurotransmitter by exocytosis.

D  Enzymes in the postsynaptic cell break down some neurotransmitters.

E  The axon terminal reabsorbs some neurotransmitters by endocytosis.

A  The nervous system releases hormones into the blood, while the endocrine system releases neurotransmitters between cells.

B  The nervous system releases neurotransmitters between cells, while the endocrine system releases hormones into the blood.

C  The nervous system releases neurotransmitters into the blood, while the endocrine system releases hormones between cells.

D  The nervous system releases hormones between cells, while the endocrine system releases neurotransmitters into the blood.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Somatic receptor → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → efferent nerve fiber → skeletal muscle

B  Somatic receptor → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → efferent nerve fiber → smooth muscle

C  Somatic receptor → efferent nerve fiber → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → skeletal muscle

D  Somatic receptor → efferent nerve fiber → interneuron → afferent nerve fiber → skeletal muscle

A  nociceptors

B  chemoreceptors

C  proprioceptors

D  visceral receptors

E  pain receptors

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  posterior horn

B  posterior column

C  anterior horn

D  posterior root ganglion

E  anterior column

A  spinal nerve

B  anterior root of a spinal nerve

C  posterior horn

D  anterior horn

E  posterior root of a spinal nerve

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  flexor (withdrawal)

B  stretch

C  tendon

D  painful

E  crossed extension

A  Smell

B  Vision

C  Taste

D  Hearing

E  Touch

A  24

B  31

C  62

D  35

E  12

A  A fracture of vertebra T5

B  A fracture of vertebra L4

C  A fracture of vertebra C2

D  A fracture of vertebra T12

E  A fracture of vertebra C6

A  nerve; neurosomas

B  nerve fiber; neurosomas

C  nerve fiber; axons

D  nerve fiber; nerves

E  nerve; axons

A  Reflexes are responses to sensory inputs.

B  Reflexes are quick responses of the nervous system.

C  Reflexes do not require a stimulus.

D  Reflexes are not voluntary.

E  Reflex responses are very predictable.